How and When to Use the Passive Voice ๐Ÿค” English Grammar

15,859 views ใƒป 2020-05-08

English with Jennifer


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
Hi. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Some students may think that
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ุฃู‡ู„ุงู‹. ุฃู†ุง ุฌูŠู†ูŠูุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุฌูŠู†ูŠูุฑ. ู‚ุฏ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ ุฃู†
00:06
grammar was invented to make your lives miserable.
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงุฎุชุฑุงุนู‡ุง ู„ุชุฌุนู„ ุญูŠุงุชูƒ ุจุงุฆุณุฉ.
00:09
I'd like to convince you that grammar is a tool, and once you master it, you can
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฅู‚ู†ุงุนูƒ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุŒ ูˆุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฅุชู‚ุงู†ู‡ุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ
00:14
communicate clearly and accurately. So let's take the time to study a bit of
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ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ุจูˆุถูˆุญ ูˆุฏู‚ุฉ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู†
00:19
grammar. Let's study the passive.
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„.
00:29
I don't know who invented grammar? Do you? Actually, it was probably many different
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ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ู…ู† ุงุฎุชุฑุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏุŸ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุชุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
00:34
people who identified the patterns, wrote the rules, and came up with the
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ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุญุฏุฏูˆุง ุงู„ุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุŒ ูˆูƒุชุจูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุŒ ูˆุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰
00:38
terminology. Was it someone a few centuries ago? Was it someone in ancient
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ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช. ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุจุถุนุฉ ู‚ุฑูˆู†ุŸ ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ููŠ
00:44
Rome? Honestly, the details aren't that
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ุฑูˆู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŸ ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ู„ูŠุณุช ุจู‡ุฐู‡
00:46
important, so I chose to say grammar was invented rather than someone invented
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ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงุฎุชุฑุนุช ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุฃุฎุชุฑุน
00:52
grammar. "Was invented" is an example of the passive. We formed the passive with BE
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ. "ุงุฎุชุฑุน" ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„. ุดูƒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ู…ุน BE
00:59
+ the past participle. That's the -ed form of a regular verb and the third
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+ ุงู„ู†ุนุช ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ -ed ู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ
01:05
form of an irregular verb, like heard, seen, built. We use the passive when we
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ู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุณู…ูˆุน ุŒ ู…ุฑุฆูŠ ุŒ ู…ุจู†ูŠ. ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
01:16
don't know or we don't want a name who the doer of the action is. Grammar wasn't
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ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงุณู…ู‹ุง ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก. ู„ู… ูŠุชู…
01:24
invented to torture you. Invented by whom? Don't know. Not important. The doer is
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ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู„ุชุนุฐูŠุจูƒ. ู…ู† ุงุฎุชุฑุนู‡ุงุŸ ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู. ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…. ุงู„ูุงุนู„
01:33
also called the agent or the performer. In some sentences, there's not just a
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ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ูˆูƒูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุคุฏูŠ. ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ
01:42
doer, but there's also a receiver.
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ูุงุนู„ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„.
01:47
Transitive verbs, verbs that take an object, can change from active to passive
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ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏูŠุฉ ุŒ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุจู‡ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„
01:52
by shifting the focus from the doer to the receiver. The object of a verb can
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ูุนู„
01:59
become the subject of a passive sentence.
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ.
02:04
Why did someone invent grammar?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงุฎุชุฑุน ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏุŸ
02:09
Why was grammar invented? Why did someone create grammar rules? Why were grammar
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู… ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู‚ุงู… ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุจุฅู†ุดุงุก ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู†ุญูˆูŠุฉุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู…
02:22
rules created?
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ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠุฉุŸ
02:27
I gave examples. Examples were given.
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ุฃุนุทูŠุช ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ. ุฃุนุทูŠุช ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ.
02:37
So there are two voices in English: The active voice focuses on the doer of the
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ุฅุฐู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุตูˆุชุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ: ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุดุท ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…
02:42
action. The passive voice focuses on the receiver of the action. Transitive verbs
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ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก. ูŠุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก. ุชู…ู†ุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏูŠุฉ
02:52
give us the choice to use the active or the passive voice. Do I have to master
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ุฎูŠุงุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„. ู‡ู„ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุฃุชู‚ู†
02:59
grammar? What if grammar isn't fully mastered?
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏุŸ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุฅุชู‚ุงู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ุŸ
03:08
The truth is that grammar is the way we all understand and agree how language
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ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ูู‡ู… ุจู‡ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ูˆู†ุชูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ
03:14
works. There wasn't a single person who invented grammar. Right? Grammar evolved
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ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ. ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดุฎุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฎุชุฑุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ. ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ
03:20
over time. Language is still evolving.
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ู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช. ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ.
03:26
Take the verb "evolve." Grammar evolved over time. Language is still evolving. In
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ุฎุฐ ุงู„ูุนู„ "ุชุชุทูˆุฑ". ุชุทูˆุฑุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช. ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ. ููŠ
03:33
my examples, does "evolve" have an object? No. So can I form the passive?
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ ุŒ ู‡ู„ "ุชุชุทูˆุฑ" ู„ู‡ุง ุบุฑุถุŸ ู„ุง. ูู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ุŸ
03:42
No. Only a transitive verb can shift back and forth between active and passive.
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ู„ุง ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูู‚ุท ู„ู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏูู‘ุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฐู‡ุงุจู‹ุง ูˆุฅูŠุงุจู‹ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„.
03:51
Look. Which of these sentences can become passive?
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ูŠู†ุธุฑ. ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตุจุญ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉุŸ
04:08
A, C, and D can all become passive because they have transitive verbs. Sentence B
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุตุจุญ ูƒู„ ู…ู† A ูˆ C ูˆ D ุณู„ุจูŠู‹ุง ู„ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ุชุนุฏูŠุฉ. ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุจ
04:17
uses "teaches" as an intransitive verb. Remember some verbs have transitive and
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"ูŠุนู„ู…" ูƒูุนู„ ู„ุงุฒู…. ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ุชุนุฏูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุงุฒู…
04:24
intransitive meanings, so you need to be careful. If I use the passive and I want
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ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฐุฑู‹ุง. ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ูˆุฃุฑูŠุฏ
04:32
to name the doer, I use a by-phrase. That textbook was written by Jennifer.
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ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ุŒ ูุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ. ูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠ ุฌูŠู†ูŠูุฑ.
04:41
Sometimes my videos are recommended by other teachers.
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ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุŒ ูŠูˆุตูŠ ู…ุฏุฑุณูˆู† ุขุฎุฑูˆู† ุจู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ .
04:48
But a lot of the time with the passive, we don't need a by- phrase. For example, I
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุŒ ู„ุณู†ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ
04:54
was invited to speak at a regional conference. By whom? Not important.
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ุฏุนูŠุช ู„ู„ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุฅู‚ู„ูŠู…ูŠ. ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ู…ู†ุŸ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู….
05:00
Well, maybe it's important for me to know and remember, but it's not important for
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุนุฑู ูˆุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
05:05
me to share a name with you. The exception to what I just told you about
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ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุดุงุฑูƒ ุงุณู…ู‹ุง ู…ุนูƒ. ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ู„ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู‡ ู„ูƒ ู„ู„ุชูˆ ุนู†
05:11
naming the doer with a by-phrase is the stative passive.The stative passive
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ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ุจุนุจุงุฑุฉ ูุฑุนูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ.
05:17
doesn't describe an action; it describes a state or a condition. The stative
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ูŠุตู ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุดุฑุท. ูŠุชู…
05:23
passive is formed the same way BE + a past participle, but we can use other
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ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง BE + ุงุณู… ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
05:29
prepositional phrases after the verb.
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ุนุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุนู„.
05:34
Grammar is composed of rules. English is classified as a Germanic language.
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ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ. ุชุตู†ู ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูƒู„ุบุฉ ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ.
05:45
Jennifer is married to a Russian. All these passive verbs describe states.
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ุฌูŠู†ูŠูุฑ ู…ุชุฒูˆุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุฑูˆุณูŠุฉ. ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุชุตู ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช.
05:53
There's no doer of an action because there is no action. For more practice
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ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุงุนู„ ู„ู„ูุนู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุนู„. ู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฏุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ
06:01
with the stative passive, check out my video on this topic. I'll put the link in
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ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุŒ ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูŠ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน. ุณุฃุถุน ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ููŠ
06:06
the video description. Right now, we'll turn our attention back to the dynamic
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ูˆุตู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ุณู†ุนูŠุฏ ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ
06:13
passive. These are transitive verbs that can be written in the passive or the
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ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุงู…ูŠูƒูŠ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ุชุนุฏูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูƒุชุงุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุฃูˆ
06:18
active voice.
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ุจุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุดุท.
06:21
First, let's make sure you can easily form the passive. Change all my sentences
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุŒ ุฏุนู†ุง ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„. ุบูŠู‘ุฑ ูƒู„ ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ
06:27
to the passive voice. Remember that the form of BE changes to show time and to
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„. ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ุดูƒู„ BE ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆู„ู„ุชูˆุงูู‚
06:34
agree with the subject. The main verb is the past participle. Use a by-phrase if
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ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน. ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุนุช ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ. ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง
06:41
you think it's necessary. One. The rules are followed by many. Two.
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ูƒู†ุช ุชุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ. ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ. ุงุซู†ูŠู†. ูŠุชู…
07:03
New lessons are being created by our teachers. Three. A new video was published by
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ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู†ุง. ุซู„ุงุซุฉ. ุชู… ู†ุดุฑ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ
07:20
Jennifer. Four.
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ุฌูŠู†ูŠูุฑ. ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ.
07:31
Different options were being evaluated by the team. Five.
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ุชู… ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ุฎูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚. ุฎู…ุณุฉ.
07:46
UFO sightings have been documented by investigators. Six.
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ุชู… ุชูˆุซูŠู‚ ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฌุณุงู… ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุญู‚ู‚ูŠู†. ุณุชุฉ.
08:01
Sharks had been seen in the area. Seven.
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ุดูˆู‡ุฏุช ุฃุณู…ุงูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ. ุณุจุนุฉ.
08:14
New apps will be created by educators.
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ุณูŠุชู… ุฅู†ุดุงุก ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†.
08:19
Eight.
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ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ.
08:29
Our actions are going to be judged by future generations. Nine.
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ุณูŠุชู… ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูุนุงู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌูŠุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ. ุชุณุน.
08:48
A vaccine will have been found by then.
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ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุชู… ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ู‚ุงุญ ุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
08:54
Let's see how you do with some modal verbs. Okay? Ten.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ูƒูŠู ุชูุนู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุดุฑุทูŠุฉ. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ.
09:04
The video can be paused at any time. Eleven.
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุคู‚ุชู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช. ุฃุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ.
09:17
Our parents should be respected. Twelve.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุงุญุชุฑุงู… ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุง. ุงุซู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑ.
09:33
Grammar must have been studied back then.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‚ุฏ ุฏุฑุณุช ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
09:39
You may be wondering about other verb forms that we didn't practice, like the
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุชุณุงุกู„ ุนู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูุนุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู… ู†ู…ุงุฑุณู‡ุง ุŒ ู…ุซู„
09:44
past perfect progressive. The truth is we don't really use the passive in those
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ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู…. ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ
09:49
other forms. The bigger challenge, I think, is deciding which voice to use. If both
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ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰. ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ู†
10:00
active and passive verb forms are possible, why is one sometimes better
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ุตูŠุบ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู†ุดุท ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ูุนู„ ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ูู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ุฃูุถู„ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง
10:05
than the other? Here's our last quiz. Choose the sentence that fits the
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŸ ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุขุฎุฑ ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง. ุงุฎุชุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุงุณุจ
10:12
situation: active or passive. One.
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ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู: ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠ ุฃูˆ ุณู„ุจูŠ. ูˆุงุญุฏ.
10:42
I'd go with the active voice. This is a job interview. The focus should be on the
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ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุดุท. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„. ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰
10:47
doer of the action, the job candidate. What can you do? What value can you add?
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ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู… ุจุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุŒ ู…ุฑุดุญ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ. ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฅุถุงูุชู‡ุงุŸ
10:53
Also, in conversation, the passive isn't used as frequently. Two.
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ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ. ุงุซู†ูŠู†.
11:15
I'd go with the passive voice. The focus isn't on the doer. It's on the receiver
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ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„. ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู„ูŠุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุนู„. ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชู„ู…
11:21
of the action: the invoice, the status of the invoice. I might also be trying to
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ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก: ุงู„ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ุŒ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ. ู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
11:28
protect the person who failed to submit the invoice on time. Three.
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ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูุดู„ ููŠ ุฅุฑุณุงู„ ุงู„ูุงุชูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏ. ุซู„ุงุซุฉ.
11:52
This is a trick question. Either one could work, but I'm going to go with the
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณุคุงู„ ู…ุฎุงุฏุน. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ
11:57
passive. Do you know why? Because artistic works are an exception. We can use the
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ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„. ู‡ู„ ุชุนุฑู ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก. ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
12:03
passive to give credit to someone for an artistic work: directed by, produced by,
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ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ู„ู…ู†ุญ ุงู„ูุถู„ ู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ููŠ ุนู…ู„ ูู†ูŠ: ู…ู† ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌ ูˆุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
12:09
composed by, written by. We're actually highlighting the person who should
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ูˆุชุฃู„ูŠู ูˆูƒุชุงุจุฉ. ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู†ุณู„ุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†
12:15
receive credit.
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ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฆุชู…ุงู†.
12:27
Four.
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ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ.
12:43
You can use either here, active or passive, but I'd go with the passive
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฅู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ู†ุดุท ุฃูˆ ุณู„ุจูŠ ุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃุฎุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„
12:49
because it shifts the focus to the receiver of the action: the victims of
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก: ุถุญุงูŠุง
12:54
the tornado. That's the real tragedy here. And if this is a news article, the
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ุงู„ุฅุนุตุงุฑ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฃุณุงุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง. ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‚ุงู„ู‹ุง ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูŠู‹ุง ุŒ
12:59
headlines would likely be "23 Killed in Tornado." We see abbreviated grammar in
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ูุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ "ู…ู‚ุชู„ 23 ููŠ ุชูˆุฑู†ุงุฏูˆ". ู†ุฑู‰ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑุฉ ููŠ
13:05
news headlines, and you need to be able to recognize what the full structure is.
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ุนู†ุงูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุŒ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ.
13:10
"23 Killed" means "23 were killed" or "23 have been killed." Five, last one.
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"ู‚ุชู„ 23" ูŠุนู†ูŠ "ู‚ุชู„ 23" ุฃูˆ " ู‚ุชู„ 23". ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุŒ ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
13:37
Here I'd go with the passive because I think the focus should be on the
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ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
13:42
receiver of the action: the elderly. It's obvious that some kind of authority is
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ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑุงุก: ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู†. ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉ
13:48
advising them to stay at home. Is it really important to name the authority?
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ุชู†ุตุญู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุฒู„. ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุทุฉุŸ
13:52
No.
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ู„ุง.
13:56
So remember some common reasons why we don't name the doer and why we leave out
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ู„ุฐุง ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ู„ุนุฏู… ุชุณู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ูˆู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุชุฌุงู‡ู„
14:01
a by-phrase: Because the doer is obvious, Because we don't know who the doer is.
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ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ: ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูุงุนู„ ูˆุงุถุญ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ู†ุนุฑู ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุนู„.
14:06
Because it's not important. And the exception is when we speak about
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู‡ู…ู‹ุง. ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
14:10
artistic works and we're giving credit to someone. Then we use the by-phrase.
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ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ุนุทูŠ ุงู„ูุถู„ ู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุง. ุซู… ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูˆูŠุฉ.
14:18
So when is the active voice preferred? Well, anytime we want to focus on the
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ุฅุฐู† ู…ุชู‰ ูŠูุถู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุดุทุŸ ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…
14:25
doer of the action. For example, the active voice is
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ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„. ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ูŠููุถู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุดุท
14:29
preferred in resume writing. This is when we want dynamic language. I led a team of
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ููŠ ุงุณุชุฆู†ุงู ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ. ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ู„ุบุฉ ุฏูŠู†ุงู…ูŠูƒูŠุฉ. ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงุฏุช ูุฑูŠู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู†
14:35
ten and consistently met our quarterly goals. The active voice allows me to
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ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูˆุญู‚ู‚ุช ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุฃู‡ุฏุงูู†ุง ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุณู†ูˆูŠุฉ . ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ุดุท
14:41
focus on what I achieved. The passive voice is more common in formal English.
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ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุญู‚ู‚ุชู‡. ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ. ุชูู…ู†ุญ
14:50
Military medals, such as the Air Force Cross, are awarded to members of the
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ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนุณูƒุฑูŠุฉ ุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุตู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ
14:55
Armed Forces for their distinguished service and valor. The grammar and the
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุญุฉ ู„ุฎุฏู…ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒุฉ ูˆุดุฌุงุนุชู‡ู…. ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ
15:00
vocabulary make this statement formal.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑุฏุงุช ุชุฌุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจูŠุงู† ุฑุณู…ูŠู‹ุง.
15:05
For this reason, the passive voice is also more common in scholarly texts. The
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุตูˆุต ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
15:11
Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the summer of 1863. It was considered a
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ุฏุงุฑุช ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ุฌูŠุชูŠุณุจูŠุฑุบ ููŠ ุตูŠู ุนุงู… 1863. ูˆุงุนุชุจุฑุช
15:16
turning point in the American Civil War.
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ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุญูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ.
15:24
Before we end, I'd like to share two common sayings with the passive.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุŒ ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุดุงุฑูƒ ู…ู‚ูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„.
15:30
When something is easy to talk about, but hard to do, we have the expression: easier
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ู…ุง ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุตุนุจ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ:
15:36
said than done. Something can be said. Something can be done. Which one is
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„. ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุนู…ู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง. ุฃูŠู‡ู…ุง
15:41
easier? The full idea is that a goal is easier said aloud than actually done.
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ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุจุตูˆุช ุนุงู„ู ู…ู† ูุนู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
15:47
We're focusing on what we want to achieve. The focus is on the receiver, not
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡. ูŠู†ุตุจ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ูˆู„ูŠุณ
15:53
the doer: easier said than done. And the last one: nothing ventured, nothing gained.
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ุงู„ูุงุนู„: ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุนู„. ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ: ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุบุงู…ุฑ ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑุจุญ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง.
16:04
The full idea is that if nothing is ventured, then nothing is gained. You have
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ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู…ุบุงู…ุฑุฉ ุจุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ุŒ ูู„ู† ูŠุชู… ุฑุจุญ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก. ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู†
16:11
to risk something in order to get something. The focus is on what we want
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ุชุฎุงุทุฑ ุจุดูŠุก ู…ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ู…ุง. ูŠู†ุตุจ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ
16:16
to get, on what we want to achieve: nothing ventured nothing gained.
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ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุŒ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡: ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ูŠุฎุงุทุฑ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฑุจุญ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง.
16:23
Tell me if you agree with that saying: nothing ventured, nothing gained.
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ู‚ู„ ู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุชูู‚ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„: ู„ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุบุงู…ุฑ ุŒ ู„ุง ุฑุจุญ.
16:27
And also tell me an example of something easier said than done. That's all for now.
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ูˆุฃุฎุจุฑู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูุนู„ู‡. ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดุฆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุงู†.
16:33
Was the lesson useful? Please remember to like the video. I hope you're feeling
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ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุณ ู…ููŠุฏู‹ุงุŸ ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ ุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู† ุชุญุจ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุชุดุนุฑ
16:38
more confident now about the passive and you can use the passive more confidently
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ุจู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุดุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ุจู†ูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุจุซู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
16:43
going forward. As always. thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ู„ู„ู…ุถูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง. ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง. ุดูƒุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ!
16:50
Thank you to all the members of my channel. And you Super and Truly
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุนุถุงุก ู‚ู†ุงุชูŠ. ูˆุฃู†ุชู…
16:55
Marvelous Members, look out for the next bonus video. Follow me on Facebook,
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ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑู‚ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนูˆู† ุญู‚ู‹ุง ุŒ ุงุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู† ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงูุฃุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ. ุชุงุจุนูˆู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ Facebook ูˆ
17:02
Twitter, and Instagram. And try something new!
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Twitter ูˆ Instagram. ูˆุฌุฑุจ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง!
17:06
Download the apps Kiki Time and Hallo. These are more ways I can help you learn
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ู‚ู… ุจุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ูŠ Kiki Time ูˆ Hallo. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑู‚ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชูƒ ููŠ ุชุนู„ู…
17:11
English each and every week. And hey! Don't forget to subscribe to my
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ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจูˆุน. ูˆูŠุง! ู„ุง ุชู†ุณ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุงูƒ ููŠ
17:17
YouTube channel. Turn on those notifications.
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ู‚ู†ุงุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ YouTube. ู‚ู… ุจุชุดุบูŠู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุฎุทุงุฑุงุช.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7