How and When to Use the Passive Voice ๐Ÿค” English Grammar

15,800 views ใƒป 2020-05-08

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi. I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer. Some students may think that
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
00:06
grammar was invented to make your lives miserable.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:09
I'd like to convince you that grammar is a tool, and once you master it, you can
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
00:14
communicate clearly and accurately. So let's take the time to study a bit of
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
00:19
grammar. Let's study the passive.
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. ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:29
I don't know who invented grammar? Do you? Actually, it was probably many different
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€? ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
00:34
people who identified the patterns, wrote the rules, and came up with the
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:38
terminology. Was it someone a few centuries ago? Was it someone in ancient
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. ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‚˜์š”
00:44
Rome? Honestly, the details aren't that
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? ์†”์งํžˆ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
00:46
important, so I chose to say grammar was invented rather than someone invented
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
00:52
grammar. "Was invented" is an example of the passive. We formed the passive with BE
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Was Invented"๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . BE + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:59
+ the past participle. That's the -ed form of a regular verb and the third
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ -ed ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€
01:05
form of an irregular verb, like heard, seen, built. We use the passive when we
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:16
don't know or we don't want a name who the doer of the action is. Grammar wasn't
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
01:24
invented to torture you. Invented by whom? Don't know. Not important. The doer is
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…? ๋ชฐ๋ผ. ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š”
01:33
also called the agent or the performer. In some sentences, there's not just a
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์—์ด์ „ํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š”
01:42
doer, but there's also a receiver.
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ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Transitive verbs, verbs that take an object, can change from active to passive
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ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž
01:52
by shifting the focus from the doer to the receiver. The object of a verb can
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์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š”
01:59
become the subject of a passive sentence.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
Why did someone invent grammar?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:09
Why was grammar invented? Why did someone create grammar rules? Why were grammar
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์™œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ? ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•
02:22
rules created?
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๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:27
I gave examples. Examples were given.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
So there are two voices in English: The active voice focuses on the doer of the
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
action. The passive voice focuses on the receiver of the action. Transitive verbs
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. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:52
give us the choice to use the active or the passive voice. Do I have to master
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”
02:59
grammar? What if grammar isn't fully mastered?
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? ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ†ต๋‹ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด?
03:08
The truth is that grammar is the way we all understand and agree how language
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์ง„์‹ค์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
works. There wasn't a single person who invented grammar. Right? Grammar evolved
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. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ช…๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
03:20
over time. Language is still evolving.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Take the verb "evolve." Grammar evolved over time. Language is still evolving. In
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"์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
my examples, does "evolve" have an object? No. So can I form the passive?
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๋‚ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ "evolve"์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:42
No. Only a transitive verb can shift back and forth between active and passive.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Look. Which of these sentences can become passive?
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:08
A, C, and D can all become passive because they have transitive verbs. Sentence B
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A, C, D๋Š” ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌธ์žฅ B๋Š”
04:17
uses "teaches" as an intransitive verb. Remember some verbs have transitive and
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"๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ์ž๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ
04:24
intransitive meanings, so you need to be careful. If I use the passive and I want
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์ž๋™์‚ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
04:32
to name the doer, I use a by-phrase. That textbook was written by Jennifer.
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ํ–‰์œ„์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด by-phrase๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Sometimes my videos are recommended by other teachers.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋‚ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:48
But a lot of the time with the passive, we don't need a by- phrase. For example, I
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ณ„์นญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š”
04:54
was invited to speak at a regional conference. By whom? Not important.
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์ง€์—ญ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด? ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Well, maybe it's important for me to know and remember, but it's not important for
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:05
me to share a name with you. The exception to what I just told you about
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
naming the doer with a by-phrase is the stative passive.The stative passive
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by-phrase๋กœ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” ์ •์  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š”
05:17
doesn't describe an action; it describes a state or a condition. The stative
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ
05:23
passive is formed the same way BE + a past participle, but we can use other
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” BE + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:29
prepositional phrases after the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Grammar is composed of rules. English is classified as a Germanic language.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทœ์น™์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ๋ฅด๋งŒ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Jennifer is married to a Russian. All these passive verbs describe states.
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
There's no doer of an action because there is no action. For more practice
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ํ–‰๋™์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •์  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:01
with the stative passive, check out my video on this topic. I'll put the link in
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…๋ž€์— ๋งํฌ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‘˜๊ฒŒ์š”
06:06
the video description. Right now, we'll turn our attention back to the dynamic
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. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋™์  ์ง€์† ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:13
passive. These are transitive verbs that can be written in the passive or the
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. ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:18
active voice.
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.
06:21
First, let's make sure you can easily form the passive. Change all my sentences
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๋จผ์ € ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
06:27
to the passive voice. Remember that the form of BE changes to show time and to
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”. BE์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
06:34
agree with the subject. The main verb is the past participle. Use a by-phrase if
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์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด by-phrase๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
06:41
you think it's necessary. One. The rules are followed by many. Two.
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. ํ•˜๋‚˜. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด
07:03
New lessons are being created by our teachers. Three. A new video was published by
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ผ. Jennifer๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:20
Jennifer. Four.
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. ๋„ท. ํŒ€์—์„œ๋Š”
07:31
Different options were being evaluated by the team. Five.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์„ฏ.
07:46
UFO sightings have been documented by investigators. Six.
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UFO ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์œก.
08:01
Sharks had been seen in the area. Seven.
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์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณฑ.
08:14
New apps will be created by educators.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฑ์€ ๊ต์œก์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Eight.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ.
08:29
Our actions are going to be judged by future generations. Nine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„ํ™‰.
08:48
A vaccine will have been found by then.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Let's see how you do with some modal verbs. Okay? Ten.
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๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‹ญ.
09:04
The video can be paused at any time. Eleven.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ดํ•˜๋‚˜.
09:17
Our parents should be respected. Twelve.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ด๋‘˜.
09:33
Grammar must have been studied back then.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
09:39
You may be wondering about other verb forms that we didn't practice, like the
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:44
past perfect progressive. The truth is we don't really use the passive in those
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. ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:49
other forms. The bigger challenge, I think, is deciding which voice to use. If both
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. ๋” ํฐ ๋„์ „์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
active and passive verb forms are possible, why is one sometimes better
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
10:05
than the other? Here's our last quiz. Choose the sentence that fits the
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
10:12
situation: active or passive. One.
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: ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ. ํ•˜๋‚˜.
10:42
I'd go with the active voice. This is a job interview. The focus should be on the
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ ์€
10:47
doer of the action, the job candidate. What can you do? What value can you add?
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์ž‘์—… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ž, ๊ตฌ์ง์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:53
Also, in conversation, the passive isn't used as frequently. Two.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜.
11:15
I'd go with the passive voice. The focus isn't on the doer. It's on the receiver
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ ์€ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:21
of the action: the invoice, the status of the invoice. I might also be trying to
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: ์†ก์žฅ, ์†ก์žฅ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ . ์†ก์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์—
11:28
protect the person who failed to submit the invoice on time. Three.
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์ œ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ผ.
11:52
This is a trick question. Either one could work, but I'm going to go with the
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ํŠธ๋ฆญ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:57
passive. Do you know why? Because artistic works are an exception. We can use the
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. ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:03
passive to give credit to someone for an artistic work: directed by, produced by,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : ๊ฐ๋…, ์ œ์ž‘,
12:09
composed by, written by. We're actually highlighting the person who should
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์ž‘๊ณก, ์ž‘์„ฑ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:15
receive credit.
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.
12:27
Four.
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๋„ท.
12:43
You can use either here, active or passive, but I'd go with the passive
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:49
because it shifts the focus to the receiver of the action: the victims of
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์ดˆ์ ์„ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž, ์ฆ‰ ํ† ๋„ค์ด๋„์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:54
the tornado. That's the real tragedy here. And if this is a news article, the
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋น„๊ทน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฉด
12:59
headlines would likely be "23 Killed in Tornado." We see abbreviated grammar in
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ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ "ํ† ๋„ค์ด๋„์—์„œ 23๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง"์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ถ•์•ฝ๋œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜
13:05
news headlines, and you need to be able to recognize what the full structure is.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
"23 Killed" means "23 were killed" or "23 have been killed." Five, last one.
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"23๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง"์€ "23๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง" ๋˜๋Š” "23๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋ง"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰.
13:37
Here I'd go with the passive because I think the focus should be on the
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ ์ด
13:42
receiver of the action: the elderly. It's obvious that some kind of authority is
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๊ฐ€
13:48
advising them to stay at home. Is it really important to name the authority?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:52
No.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
13:56
So remember some common reasons why we don't name the doer and why we leave out
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
14:01
a by-phrase: Because the doer is obvious, Because we don't know who the doer is.
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๋ณ„์นญ์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–‰์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
Because it's not important. And the exception is when we speak about
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:10
artistic works and we're giving credit to someone. Then we use the by-phrase.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ by-phrase๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
So when is the active voice preferred? Well, anytime we want to focus on the
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
14:25
doer of the action. For example, the active voice is
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
14:29
preferred in resume writing. This is when we want dynamic language. I led a team of
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์ด๋ ฅ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” 10๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๊ณ 
14:35
ten and consistently met our quarterly goals. The active voice allows me to
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
14:41
focus on what I achieved. The passive voice is more common in formal English.
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์„ฑ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
Military medals, such as the Air Force Cross, are awarded to members of the
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Air Force Cross์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฉ”๋‹ฌ์€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์™€ ์šฉ๋งน์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:55
Armed Forces for their distinguished service and valor. The grammar and the
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. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
15:00
vocabulary make this statement formal.
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์–ดํœ˜๋Š” ์ด ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
For this reason, the passive voice is also more common in scholarly texts. The
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ  ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Battle of Gettysburg was fought in the summer of 1863. It was considered a
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๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ ์ „ํˆฌ๋Š” 1863๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ „ํˆฌ๋Š”
15:16
turning point in the American Civil War.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚จ๋ถ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
Before we end, I'd like to share two common sayings with the passive.
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๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์†๋‹ด์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
When something is easy to talk about, but hard to do, we have the expression: easier
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:36
said than done. Something can be said. Something can be done. Which one is
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. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด
15:41
easier? The full idea is that a goal is easier said aloud than actually done.
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๋” ์‰ฌ์šธ๊นŒ์š”? ์ „์ฒด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
We're focusing on what we want to achieve. The focus is on the receiver, not
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ดˆ์ ์€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
15:53
the doer: easier said than done. And the last one: nothing ventured, nothing gained.
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ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•˜๋‚˜: ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
The full idea is that if nothing is ventured, then nothing is gained. You have
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
to risk something in order to get something. The focus is on what we want
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ดˆ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
16:16
to get, on what we want to achieve: nothing ventured nothing gained.
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์–ป๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:23
Tell me if you agree with that saying: nothing ventured, nothing gained.
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:27
And also tell me an example of something easier said than done. That's all for now.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Was the lesson useful? Please remember to like the video. I hope you're feeling
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๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:38
more confident now about the passive and you can use the passive more confidently
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์ด์ œ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:43
going forward. As always. thanks for watching and happy studies!
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. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
16:50
Thank you to all the members of my channel. And you Super and Truly
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์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํšŒ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Super and Truly
16:55
Marvelous Members, look out for the next bonus video. Follow me on Facebook,
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Marvelous Members๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ,
17:02
Twitter, and Instagram. And try something new!
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค !
17:06
Download the apps Kiki Time and Hallo. These are more ways I can help you learn
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Kiki Time๊ณผ Hallo ์•ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งค์ฃผ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:11
English each and every week. And hey! Don't forget to subscribe to my
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ด! ๋‚ด YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
17:17
YouTube channel. Turn on those notifications.
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. ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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