How to Use Apostrophes Properly: The Definitive Guide | English Grammar & Punctuation Lesson

hello everyone and welcome back to english with lucy today after all of

Zdravo svima i dobrodošli nazad u 'English with Lucy'. Danas ću, posle svih

your requests I'm doing a grammar video and I wanted to talk to you about

vaših zahteva, raditi video o gramatici i želela sam da sa vama pričam o

something that even I an English teacher struggle with sometimes it's something I

nečemu što, čak i mene kao profesora engleskog, ponekad zbuni. To je nešto što

have to use every single day it is punctuation and I have always really

moram da koristim svakoga dana. To je interpunkcija i uvek sam se

struggled with apostrophes and when and when not to use them apostrophes follow

borila sa apostrofima i kada, odnosno kada ne bi trebalo da ih upotrebimo prati

loads of rules and I see them misused all of the time I know that sometimes I

mnogo pravila i primećujem da se mnogo puta upotrebljavaju nepravilno. I znam da ih i ja ponekad

might misuse them as well but I think today we should just clarify all of our

takođe nepravilno upotrevljavam, ali danas bi trebalo da otklonimo sve naše

doubts and use apostrophes properly once and for all I really do think this video

sumnje i da konačno pravilno upotrebimo apostrofe i stvarno mislim da će ovaj video

is going to help anybody who needs to write frequently anyone who's going to

pomoći svakome ko često piše i onome ko će

take an English exam like the IELTS or the FCE or even the CAE anyone who needs

polagati ispite na engleskom, kao što su IELTS ili FCE ili čak CAE, svakome ko

to write emails frequently even text messages if you want to use correct

piše često mejlove, čak sms-ove ako želite da ispravno koristite

grammar throughout text messages school essays native speakers and non-native

pravopis kroz sms-ove, školske eseje, kao i oni kojima engleski jeste i nije maternji

speakers whether they already speak English or you're learning English this

jezik, bez obzira da li već znaju engleski ili učite. Ovaj

video is for absolutely everybody as always I love learning about your

video je apsolutno za svakoga. Kao i uvek, ja volim da naučim nešto i o vašim

languages and your grammar as well so do comment down below and tell me if you

jezicima i gramatici takođe, pa komentarišite ispod i recite mi da li vi

use apostrophes in your language and if you use them in the same way that we do

koristite apostrofe u vašem jeziku i ako ih koristite na isti načim kao i mi

in English if you are interested in grammar and would like to learn more

u engleskom jeziku. Ako vas interesuje gramatika i želite da naučite više

about grammar from private teachers you can try I talky I talky is an online

o istoj od privatnih profesora, možete da probate italki. italki je onlajn

database which matches teachers to students on that database you can find

baza podataka koja uparuje profesore i učenike. Na toj platformi možete naći

native teachers qualified teachers community teachers that will help you

profesore čiji je engleski maternji, kvalifikovane profesore, volontere koji će vam pomoći

with your conversation as well I recently did a couple of classes with

i sa konverzacijom takođe. Ja sam skoro imala par časova sa

them to learn Indonesian and as I said that video is coming out it's so

njima kako bih naučila indonežanski i kao što sam rekla taj video će izaći. Baš je

exciting it's just taking a little bit of work and I had an amazing experience

uzbudljivo, ali imaće malo posla. Imala sam neverovatno iskustvo

so if you're interested in putting into practice what you learn in this lesson

pa ako ste zainteresovani da provežbate ono što naučite u ovoj lekciji

or in other lessons you can get $10 worth of I talkie credits for free when

ili u drugim lekcijama, možete dobiti 10$ vredne italki kredite besplatno kada

you make your first $10 I talk you purchase

kupite svoje prve italki kredite u vrednosti od 10$.

so it's like a buy one get one free on I talk you lessons all you have to do is

To je kao da kupite jednu i još jednu dobijete gratis. Sve što treba da uradite jeste da

click on the link in the description box that being said let's get started with

kliknete na link u opisu videa. Pošto smo sve rekli, započećemo

the punctuation lesson so how's this lesson going to be structured well first

lekciju o interpunkciji. Kako će izgledati ova lekcija? Prvo

I'm going to be talking about the possessive case the genitive case where

ću pričati o slučaju kada je u pitanju pripadnost, genitiv, gde

apostrophes show possession or a relationship between two things I'm then

apostrofi prikazuju pripadnost ili vezu između dve stvari. Onda

going to show you how apostrophes are used in verb pronoun and some noun

ću vam pokazati kako se apostrofi koriste u slučaju glagol- imenica skraćivanjima i neka skraćivanja

contractions and then finally I'll show you some extra miscellaneous

imenicai onda ću vam na kraju prikazati neka razna

contractions using apostrophes as well let's get started

skraćovanja koristeći apostrofe. Hajde da počnemo.

so let's talk about the possessive case normally it uses apostrophe s but there

Pričaćemo o primeru pripadnosti. Najčešće se koristi 's ali postoje

are some exceptions this shows possession a relationship between two

neki izuzeci. Ovo pokazuje pripadnost, vezu između dve

things normally with one thing belonging to the other

stvari. Uglavnom jedna stvar pripada drugoj.

for example the ball of the dog the dog's ball so how do we use them with

Na primer, lopta psa ili pasja lopta. Dakle, kako ih upotrebljavamo sa

singular nouns well we just add apostrophe s

imenicama u jedini? Samo dodajemo 's.

for example Lucy's car is orange or I ate dinner at Will's house but what

happens if those singular nouns end in s now this is a little bit of a cause for

Ali šta se dešava ako se te imenice u jednini završavaju na s? Sada postoji razlog za

dispute in the English grammar world but the most accepted form is to add

diskusiju u svetu engleske gramatike. Ali, najprihvatljivija forma jeste da se doda

apostrophe s as well now this is disputed and some people will argue that

's i ovde. Kada smo ovo rekli, neki ljudi će se polemisati da

we should just add the apostrophe whatever you choose to do make it

je trebalo samo dodati apostrof. Šta god da odlučite da uradite radi

consistent choose one of those rules and be consistent with it so at least it

konzistentnosti izaberite jedno pravilo i primenjujte ga stalno kako bi

looks like you know what you're doing so I personally like to stick with the

izgledalo da vi to zapravo znate da radite. Ja lično volim da koristim

apostrophe s because I think it's the most traditional for example the

's jer mislim da je tradicionalnije.

actresses role was difficult or Jess's dog is called Mable now with the other

rule where they just put the apostrophe and they don't put the S you will still

Kod drugog pravila gde se stavlja samo apostrof bez s, vi ćete ipak

treat it in spoken English as if you had that s there so you will still say

u govornom engleskom izgovarati to s na kraju.

Jess's dog is called Mable and the actresses role was difficult even though

the S is not there it's complicated so what about plural nouns well regular

Komplikovano je. Šta je sa imenicama u množini? Imenice sa pravilnom

plural nouns usually end in s and for these two show possession you just need

množinom se najčešće završavaju na s i kako bi prikazale pripadnost samo treba

to add an apostrophe to the end of them for example my grandparents house is

dodati apostrof na kraju.

cozy or my friends party was amazing now this is why English is a little bit

Zbog ovakvih stvari je engleski malo

difficult because if I say these two sentences

komplikovan, jer ako izgovorim ove dve rečenice

my friends party was amazing or my friends party was amazing

the first one is just referring to one friend and the second one is referring

Prva se odnosi na jednog prijatelja a druga na

to two friends the apostrophe has changed place but it sounds the same in

dva prijatelja. Apostrof je promenio mesto ali to zvuči potpuno isto u

spoken English that's why you need to add a bit of context in the words of

govornom jeziku. Zbog toga je potrebno dodati kontekst kako bi bilo jasnije.

Coldplay nobody said it was easy but what about those plural nouns that don't

Ali šta je sa onim imenicama koje se ne završavaju

end in s for example children well liked the singular nouns we just add

na s? Kao na primer deca. Kao i kod imenica u jedinini mi samo dodajemo 's.

apostrophe s so the children's clothing is to your left or the women's party is

starting now these examples are less complicated because the plural and

Ovi primeri su manje komplikovani jer množina i

singular version of those nouns sound different on their own but if you had a

jednina ovih imenica zvuče drugačije, ali ukoliko imate

noun like sheep you have one sheep two sheep well it gets a bit more

imenicu kao što je sheep(ovca-e) to postaje malo komplikovanije

complicated because as we explained in the last example it sounds the same okay

jer, kao što smo objasnili u prošlom primeru, oblici zvuče isto.

so we've cleared up where to use apostrophe and where to use apostrophe s

Dakle, razjasnili smo gde treba koristiti ' a gde 's

and the general consensus is add apostrophe s to everything apart from

i važi da dodamo 's svuda sem

regular plural nouns that end in s and for those we just add the apostrophe one

kod imenica u množini koje se završavaju na s i za njih samo dodajemo apostrof.

important thing to note is that sometimes that second noun isn't

Važno je da primetimo da ponekad druga imenica nije potrebna .

necessary you don't have to repeat yourself for example my house is smaller

Ne morate da se ponavljate, kao na primer

than my parents house I could just say my house is smaller than my parents the

meaning is clear I'm not trying to say that my house is smaller in size that my

Značenje je jasno. Ne pokušavam da kažem da je moja kuća veličinski manja od mojih

parents are in size I'm trying to say that my house is smaller

roditelja, već pokušavam da kažem da je moja kuća manja

my parents house which is bigger the meaning is more or less clear so we

od kuće mojih roditelja, koja je veća. Značenje je manje- više jasno, pa

don't have to repeat ourselves with that second house now what happens if one

ne moramo da ponavljamo i sa tom drugom kućom. Šta se dešava ako jedan

object has more than one owner what if Ali and I were to buy a cat

objekat ima više vlasnika od jednog? Ako Ali i ja kupimo mačku

together would it be Lucy's and Ali's cat or Lucy and Ali's cat well if we are

zajedno, da li će biti -- Ako smo

both the owner it would be Lucy and Ali's cat because the last person in the

obe vlasnice biće-- jer poslednja osoba na

list takes the possessive form however if they are similar items that are owned

listi preuzima oblik pripadnosti. Međutim, ako su to slični objekti koje posedujemo

individually say I have a cat and Ali has a cat it would be Lucy's and Ali's

pojedinačno. Ukoliko i ja i Ani imamo po mačku biće--

cats I have cats Ali has cats Lucy's and Ali's cats okay

so that section on the possessive case should now be clear if it's still not

Dakle taj deo o slučaju sa pripadnošću bi trebalo da je sada jasan, ukoliko još uvek nije

clear you can re-watch the section and then go on to comment any doubts you

možete opet da pogledate video i ostavite komentar ukoliko imate neke

have in the comments below and I will try and help but I also really encourage

nedoumice a ja ću pokušati da vam pomognem, ali vas takođe ohrabrujem

you to help out each other as well now let's talk about apostrophes with verb

da pomognete i jedni drugima. Hajde sada da pričamo o apostrofima sa glagolima

contractions I have got five of the most common situations in which verb

i skraćenicama. Ovde imam 5 najčešćih situacija u kojima se

contractions are used with apostrophes so an apostrophe in a verb contraction

skraćeni glagoli koriste sa apostrofima.

basically shows missing letters for example I am I'm that apostrophe is

Uglavnom, to pokazuje da neko slovo nedostaje, na primer--

showing that missing a and the space it also gives you an indication on

pokazuje da nedostaje A kao i prostor između. Takođe pokazuje i

pronunciation example number one verbs plus not for example do not don't cannot

izgovor. Prvi primer: glagol+ not, kao na primer--

can't could not couldn't should not shouldn't the second example pronouns

and will I will I'll she will she'll they will Vale the third one and this

Drugi primer: zamenice+ will

one can be slightly more complicated pronouns and nouns with to be

Ovo može biti za nijansu komplikovanije. zamenice i imenice + to be

for example I am I'm you are your will is wills so if you look at

Na primer--

wills on its own it could be showing the possessive case or it could be showing a

Will's može da prikazuje pripadnost i skraćeni

contraction of the verb to be wills watching television

glagol "to be" --

it is wills television one of them is will plus to be and the other one is

showing that the television is the television of will it is wills

television one thing to note is with who who's with the apostrophe is who is who

Još jedna stvar koju bi trebalo zabeležiti je sa who(ko): who's= who is(ko je)

plus to be who's there who's spelt WH o s e is the possessive form whose bag is

a whose(čiji) je slučaj sa pripadnostima.

this it's very important to remember that especially when you're writing in

Ovo je posebno važno da zapamtite kada pišete

exams it's an incredibly common mistake

ispite jer je jako česta greška.

especially amongst native speakers I have absolutely made the mistake in the

Posebno među onima kojima je engleski maternji, ja sam sigurno pravila ovu grešku u

past but I'm really going to try and not make the mistake in the future number

prošlosti, ali ću zaista pokušati da ne pravim tu grešku u budućnosti.

four is pronouns plus the verb to have I have I've she has she's so she's could

Broj 4 : zamenice+ to have(imati) --

be she is or she has you have to look at the context note though it would not be

Kod she pazite na kontekst. Međutim ne bi trebalo

confused with the possessive because the possessive would be hers the last one

da se meša sa oblikom za pripadnost jer je on skroz drugačiji--

number five pronouns plus wood or hat for example I had I'd now we would use

Broj 5: Zamenice+ would/had --

this in situations like I'd better go I had better go we wouldn't say I'd a dog

--

when I was 12 I had a dog when I was 12 and then with would I would do that I do

--

that in everyday conversation the apostrophe D can be used with nouns like

U svakodnevnom razgovoru 'd se može koristiti sa imenicama kao

Oh Mahmoud love that mum would love that or Sophia eat that Sophie would eat that

--

so those are the five most common contractions now

Dakle to su 5 najčešćih skrećivanja.

just like to quickly cover three others that are not so common but still really

Volela bih da na brzinu pređem i tri druga slučaja koja nisu tako česta ali još uvek

important and you will definitely come across them so the first situation is

su dosta važna i sigurno ćete se susresti sa njima. Prva situacija je

when we talk about years but we drop a couple of the numbers for example the

kada pričamo o godinama ali ispuštamo par brojeva, kao na primer--

summer of 69 we know that we're talking about 1969 but we might just want to say

Leto '69, znamo da pričamo o letu 1969,godine ali možemo reći samo '69

69 it's more common to use this when describing the 1900s the next situation

is where we drop the words of for example two o'clock originally it was of

Sledeća situacija je kada ispuštamo reči kao što je "of", kao na primer--što je originalno bilo "two of clock"

or in the surname Donovan it would have likely been of Donovan originally the

ili kao u prezimenu O'Donovan koje originalno glasi Of Donovan.

last situation is to show pronunciation in dialogue for example come on could be

Poslednji slučaj pokazuje izgovor kroz dijalog, kao na primer--

changed to come on and we'd use an apostrophe in that to give guidance on

Ovde koristimo apostrof da prikažemo kako bi reč trebalo

how to pronounce it come on is different to come on isn't it right guys that is

da se izgovara. Come on zvuči drugačije od c'mon, zar ne? Društvo, to je

it for my grammar lesson on apostrophes I really hope you found it useful I

sve o mojoj lekciji o apostrofima. Nadam se da vam je koristilo, ja sam

learnt a great deal putting it together don't forget to check out I talk e that

saznala puno toga dok sam spremala lekciju. Ne zaboravite da pogledate italki, taj

link is in the description box and also don't forget to connect with me on all

link se nalazi u opisu videa i takođe ne zaboravite da se povežete sa mnom na svim

of my social media I've got my facebook my Instagram and my Twitter doing some

društvenim mrežama. Imam facebook, instagram i twitter. Radime neke

really exciting giveaways so it's really worth following me on Instagram I'm not

interesantne giveaway-e pa me vredi zapratiti na instagramu. Neću

gonna say any more but there are some very exciting companies that are getting

reći ništa više, ali postoje neke interesantne kompanije koje

involved and will definitely help your English and I will see you soon for

se uključuju i što će definitivno pomoći vašem engleskom. Vidimo se uskoro

another lesson

you