8 Tips for British English Pronunciation

7,715,871 views ใƒป 2015-02-24

English Jade


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, everyone. I'm Jade. What we're talking about today is some pronunciation tips for
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚คใƒ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™
00:06
British English. Some of them are tips; some of them are observations that you might be
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„่ฆณๅฏŸใงใ™
00:10
interested to know. We've got eight of them, so let's get started.
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ใ€‚ 8 ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:14
Pronunciation of-ed word endings. This is not specifically a British English issue.
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ๅ˜่ชž่ชžๅฐพใฎ-edใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ. ใ“ใ‚Œ ใฏ็‰นใซใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ•้กŒใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:21
If your preference -- I don't know why I can't speak suddenly in an English pronunciation
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅฝใฟใชใ‚‰ -- ใชใœ็งใฏ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ
00:27
video, but that's how it is. If your preference is American English, this also applies to
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ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ„ใใชใ‚Š่ฉฑใ›ใชใ„ใฎใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใฎ้€šใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฅฝใฟ ใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใซใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™
00:32
American English. So what I hear a lot at, sort of, around intermediate level -- sometimes
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็งใŒใ‚ˆใ่€ณใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ ใฏใ€ไธญ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใงใ™ - ่จ‚ๆญฃใ—
00:38
upper intermediate level if you haven't had someone to correct you -- -ed word endings
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ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ไธญ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใฎไธŠ็ดšใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ - ed ่ชžๅฐพ
00:44
sound like this. I can't even do it because it's so unnatural for me. "Excite-ed shout-ed,
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ใฏใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ไธ่‡ช็„ถใชใฎใงใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ•ใˆใงใใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆๅซใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€
00:53
remind-ed." It's so unnatural for me. But in fact, it's not like that. It doesn't sound
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ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€‚ใ€ ็งใซใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ไธ่‡ช็„ถใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:59
like an -ed. It might sound like an /id/; it might sound like a /t/; or it might sound
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ใ‚จใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ /id/ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ /t/ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
01:06
like a /d/. So I've got some examples here. This word, even though it's spelled -ed, makes
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/d/ ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€็ถดใ‚ŠใŒ -ed ใงใ™ใŒ
01:12
an /id/ sound. It becomes "excited". "I'm really excited." "Shouted." "He shouted at
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ใ€/id/ ใฎ้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒฏใ‚ฏใƒฏใ‚ฏใ€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ "็งใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚" ใ€Œๅซใ‚“ใ ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆๅซใ‚“
01:18
me." "Reminded." "I reminded you to do your homework; didn't I?" And -- yeah.
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ใ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€ ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ ใพใ—ใŸใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸใ€ ใใ—ใฆ - ใˆใˆใ€‚
01:24
So now, we can talk about the ones that finish with a t sound. "Finished. Dripped. Laughed."
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€t ้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ€‚ๆปดใฃใŸใ€‚็ฌ‘ใฃใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:34
They don't have the-ed sound. So that's an important thing to know about pronunciation.
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ed ใ‚ตใ‚ฆใƒณใƒ‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใใ“ใจใฏ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Even if it's spelled-ed, it doesn't mean it sounds like that. And what about the ones
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ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใ ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
01:45
that end with a d sound, a "duh" sound. "Remembered." "I remembered what you said to me." "Called."
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ใ€ใ€Œduhใ€้Ÿณใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็งใซ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅ‘ผใฐใ‚ŒใŸใ€
01:53
"I called you. Didn't you hear your phone?" "Imagined." "I imagined a better future for
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ใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้›ป่ฉฑใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ใ€Œๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸใ€ ใ€Œใฟใ‚“ใชใซใจใฃใฆใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‰ฏใ„ๆœชๆฅใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
02:00
everyone." So with those, it's a D sound. How do you know for each one? Go with what
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏDใฎ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:07
feels most natural when you're saying the word. The main thing is don't force the -ed
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่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็™บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซๆœ€ใ‚‚่‡ช็„ถใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’้ธใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซไธ่‡ช็„ถใชใƒชใ‚บใƒ ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
02:13
sound at the end of the word because it's that that gives you an unnatural rhythm when
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใซ -ed ้Ÿณใ‚’็„ก็†ใ‚„ใ‚Šไป˜ใ‘ใชใ„
02:19
you're speaking English.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:21
So moving on to -- this one's an observation, really. British English pronunciation. We
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ใงใฏๆฌกใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† -- ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ่ฆณๅฏŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ.
02:28
have so many different accents in England. But one of the biggest divisions in our accents is
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ใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใซใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ— ใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฎๆœ€ๅคงใฎๅŒบๅˆ†ใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€
02:38
-- it's between the north of the country and the south, and it's our pronunciation of these
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›ฝใฎๅŒ—้ƒจ ใจๅ—้ƒจใฎ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
02:46
words: "bath" and "laugh", as I say them. I say them in the southern pronunciation.
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ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ้ขจๅ‘‚ใ€ใจใ€Œ็ฌ‘ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅ—้ƒจใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:53
But if I were from the north -- if I were from the north of the country, I'd say "bath"
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ใงใ‚‚ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒๅŒ—ใฎๅ‡บ่บซใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ -- ็งใŒ ใใฎๅ›ฝใฎๅŒ—ใฎๅ‡บ่บซใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใ€
02:58
and "laugh" because they have a different accent up there. Well, they've got loads of
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ใจใ€Œ็ฌ‘ใ†ใ€ใจ ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎ
03:02
different accents, but they don't speak in the same way as me. So let's break it down
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็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€็งใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎ้Ÿณใซๅˆ†่งฃใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:10
into the actual sound. So if you're from the North, you say, "a". But we, in the South,
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๅŒ—้ƒจๅ‡บ่บซใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅ—้ƒจใง
03:20
say "au". So you say "bath", we say "bauth". And you say "laf"; we say "laugh". And you
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ใฏใ€Œauใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ŒใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใƒใ‚ฆใƒˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œใƒฉใƒ•ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œ็ฌ‘ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
03:32
can also hear it in these two words. It doesn't have to be the first or only a vowel in the
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ2ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’่žใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜่ชž ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใพใŸใฏๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:39
word. In the southern pronunciation, this is "commaund". But in the northern pronunciation,
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ใ€‚ ๅ—้ƒจใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œcommaundใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅŒ—ๆ–นใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
03:46
it's "command". And the southern pronunciation of this word is "caust". The northern pronunciation
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ใงใฏใ€Œๅ‘ฝไปคใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎๅ—้ƒจใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ ใฏใ€Œcaustใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒ—้ƒจใฎ็™บ้Ÿณ
03:55
is "cast". The cast of Brookside came to London." "Brookside" was an old soap that's not on
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ใฏใ€Œใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ–ใƒซใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ใฎใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚นใƒˆใŒใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใซใ‚„ใฃใฆใใŸใ€ ใ€Œใƒ–ใƒซใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ‰ใ€ใฏใ‚‚ใ†ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใซใฏๅ‡บใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅคใ„็Ÿณ้นธใง
04:02
TV anymore, and it was people from Liverpool. And I was just doing the accent. Probably
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ใ€ใƒชใƒใƒ—ใƒผใƒซใฎไบบใŸใกใ ใฃใŸ. ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใŸใ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใŸ.ใŠใใ‚‰ใ
04:06
that's really irrelevant to you. You will never see that show, but anyway. You know, now.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็„ก้–ขไฟ‚ใ .ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ทใƒงใƒผใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆฑบใ—ใฆใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†. , ใงใ‚‚ใจใซใ‹ใ. ใปใ‚‰ใญ.
04:12
Next tip. I don't hear this that often, but when I do, it sounds really, really, really
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ๆฌกใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ. ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š่žใ‹ ใชใ„ใ‘ใฉ, ่žใ„ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจ, ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ, ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ,
04:19
wrong. And I think this tip generally -- generally a good example of how -- just because we write
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใฏไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ - ไธ€่ˆฌ ็š„ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ - -
04:27
something one way doesn't mean we say it that way. So in English -- American English, too
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใ„ใฃใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ . ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ -- ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚‚
04:37
-- W sounding words are the same as the "wh" sound in words for spelling. It actually sounds
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-- W ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€็ถดใ‚Šใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ€Œwใ€ใฎ้ŸณใจๅŒใ˜ ใงใ™. ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
04:46
the same. So we've got two words here, "wine" and "whine". One is spelled with WH, and one
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ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชž "wine" ใจ "whine" ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. 1 ใคใฏ WH ใง็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใค
04:56
is just spelled with I. "Whine" is a kind of moan or a kind of cry. Sometimes, young
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ใฏๅ˜ใซ I ใง็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™. "Whine" ใฏไธ€็จฎ ใฎใ†ใ‚ใๅฃฐใพใŸใฏไธ€็จฎใฎๆณฃใๅฃฐใงใ™.
05:07
children whine. Sometimes, women who are upset about something are said to be "whiny". So
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ๅญไพ›ใฏๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใ†. ๆ™‚ใ€…, ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ่…นใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆ ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฅณๆ€งใฏใ€Œๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸ
05:14
we don't really say that men whine. That's probably a bit sexist. But, yeah. The point
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ใกใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็”ทๆ€งใŒๆณฃใ่จ€ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“. ใใ‚ŒใฏใŠใ ใ‚‰ใๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ€งๅทฎๅˆฅ็š„ใงใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—, ใˆใˆ. ame
05:20
is they sound the same but are spelled differently. So I've sometimes heard people try to make
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ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒใ€Œwwใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œhwhineใ€ใพใŸใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใซใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…่€ณใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
the "wh" sound like "hwhine" or something like that or in these words, "which" and "witch"
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใฏใ€ใ€Œwhoใ€ใจใ€Œwitchใ€
05:37
are the same. Some people might say "hwhich". And that used to be a feature of British English.
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ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใธใƒผใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‹ใคใฆใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็‰นๅพดใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:45
If you listen to some speakers of British English from a long time ago, like around
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1920 ๅนดไปฃ้ ƒใฎใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใใจใ€
05:52
the 1920s -- T. S. Eliot, although he wasn't British, he did acquire a really strange British
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T. S. ใ‚จใƒชใ‚ชใƒƒใƒˆใฏ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นไบบใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€้žๅธธใซๅฅ‡ๅฆ™ใชใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น
06:00
accent. And when he spoke English, he would make the "hwhich" sound. And that was a standard
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่จ›ใ‚Šใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ๅฝผ ใฏใ€Œhwhichใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:07
feature of the accent then. But if you say it now, it just sounds a bit weird. So don't
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ๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฎๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช็‰นๅพดใงใ—ใŸ. ใงใ‚‚ไปŠ่จ€ใ† ใจใกใ‚‡ใฃใจๅค‰ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
06:12
be making the "hwh" sound.
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ใ€ใ€Œhwใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:15
And here, two commonly spoken words with that "hwh" sound that you shouldn't say -- so you
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ€ "hw" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใฏ
06:20
should say "what" without "hwhat, hwhat, hwhat do you want?" That would be awful. And "hwhere"
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใฒใฉใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œhwhereใ€
06:28
-- don't say that. Just say it without the H sound.
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-- ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ H้Ÿณใชใ—ใง่จ€ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:33
Let's take a look at the pronunciation of -ing word endings. So in just relaxed, informal
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-ing่ชžๅฐพใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใช
06:42
speech, I feel that a lot of dialects don't pronounce the G. So it would be like this.
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ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€G ใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใชใ„ๆ–น่จ€ใŒๅคšใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:50
"I was listening to some music." You don't hear the G there. But if we're making an effort
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝใ‚’่ดใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใใ“ใซGใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
06:55
to speak properly and with very good enunciation, you would hear the G slightly. It would sound
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้ฉๅˆ‡ใซใ€้žๅธธใซ่‰ฏใ„็™บ้Ÿณใง่ฉฑใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅŠชๅŠ›ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€G ใŒใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:02
like this, "I was listening to a wonderful lecture yesterday." And you hear my G. It's
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ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใฎGใ‚’่žใใพใ™.ใใ‚Œใฏ
07:07
very soft, but it's there.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™.
07:10
Something to say about British English pronunciation is -- again, this is a north-south difference
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ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ—ๅŒ—ใฎ
07:20
-- is that they, up there, some of the accents ring the G, so it's, like, "listening, speaking.
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้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใŒ G ใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
07:30
I was speaking to him." And if that's a feature of your accent, that's a feature of your accent.
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ๅฝผใ€‚" ใ‚‚ใ—ใใ‚Œ ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฎ็‰นๅพดใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใฎ็‰นๅพดใงใ™ใ€‚
07:38
But in standard English, you don't ring it. You don't make an extra "guh" or "juh" sound
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใ€Œใ‚ฐใƒผใ€ใ€Œ[ __ ]ใ€ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ•ใชใ„
07:45
at the end. So the standard way to make the G sound, "reading." But I'm just letting you
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€G ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชๆ–นๆณ• ใฏใ€Œ่ชญใฟใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
07:52
know that in relaxed and informal speech, many times, we don't hear the G.
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ใ€ใƒชใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ—ใŸใ‚คใƒณใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒซใชใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใฏใ€ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€G ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
07:58
So when we come back we'll look at the other four rules
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ๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ไป–ใฎ 4 ใคใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซ
08:02
or tips -- tips, really. Tips and observations about pronunciation.
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ใพใŸใฏใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆใจ่ฆณๅฏŸใ€‚
08:06
Tip No. 5, when we're saying a word with two or more syllables, very often, the second
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ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ 5ใ€2 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใ‚’ๅซใ‚€ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ
08:14
syllable is not stressed, and it's what we call a "schwa". So even though all these words
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้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€Œใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชž
08:24
have a different spelling for the second syllable, they become a schwa. So what some people do
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ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใฎใ‚นใƒšใƒซใŒ็•ฐใชใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ schwa ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ไบบใ‹ใฎไบบใ€…ใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
08:33
is they'll say the word. And a good example is this word. They will say "En-gland". But
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ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใใ—ใฆใใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ ใŒใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚
08:40
actually, it sounds like this "England". So the vowel changes to a schwa, and then, it's
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ๅฎŸใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ€Œใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏ้ŸณใŒใ‚ทใƒฅใƒฏใƒผใซๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚Š
08:48
-- another way to look at it is it becomes a softer sound. So let's say some of the words.
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ใ€ๅˆฅใฎ่ฆ‹ๆ–นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„้Ÿณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:53
"London", not "Lon-don". "London, England, together", not "togeth-er". "Together". "Button",
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ใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚นใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใ€‚ "ไธ€็ท’"ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ใงใฏ
09:04
not "butt-on". "Button". "Cousin".
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ใชใใ€Œใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ€ใ€‚ "ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณ"ใ€‚ "ใ„ใจใ“"ใ€‚
09:08
So that's the schwa, and supposedly the most common sound in the English language, and
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ schwa ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้Ÿณใง
09:16
it's a pretty confusing sound as well because it's always spelled in different ways, and
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Š็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„้Ÿณใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใ€ๅธธใซใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง็ถดใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹
09:20
it doesn't actually sound exactly the same when it moves around into different words.
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ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚‰ใชใ„ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:25
So not an easy one to get familiar with. So the main thing to take away from it is that
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็ฐกๅ˜ใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใ‹
09:34
don't put that very big stress on all your syllables in the word. It won't sound right.
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ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ไธปใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ้Ÿณ็ฏ€ใซใใ‚Œใปใฉๅคงใใชใ‚นใƒˆใƒฌใ‚นใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ . ๆญฃใ—ใ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:42
No. 6, tip No. 6, British English is a non-rhotic accent. This is the sound /r/. In your language,
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No. 6ใ€ใƒ’ใƒณใƒˆ No. 6ใ€ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ้žใƒญใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ/r/ใจใ„ใ†้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่จ€่ชžใงใฏใ€
09:56
maybe you do that thing where you roll your tongue which I can't do. I just -- I so can't
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ˆŒใ‚’่ปขใŒใ™ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็งใซใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใŸใ  - ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
10:03
do it. So like how I can't do that sound, you might find it really hard to make that
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใ‚ใฎ้ŸณใŒๅ‡บใ›ใชใ„ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่ˆŒใ‚’่ปขใŒใ•ใšใซ ใใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:11
sound without rolling your tongue. Okay. It's hard. Pronunciation is not easy. But you can
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
10:17
always work at something and train yourself. So when we make the R sound, the position
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ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใฟใ€่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’่จ“็ทดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€R ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ‡บใ™ใจใใ€่ˆŒใฎไฝ็ฝฎ
10:23
of the tongue is quite far back in the throat. R, R, R. And it doesn't have that rhotic sound.
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ใฏใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅ–‰ใฎๅฅฅใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ Rใ€Rใ€Rใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใƒญใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใช้Ÿณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
10:38
And in some dialects, for example, in Scottish, you do hear it. So I'm going to say this sentence
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰่ชžใชใฉใฎไธ€้ƒจใฎๆ–น่จ€ใงใฏใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡
10:46
in a Scottish accent, "The murderer wore red." Sorry, Scottish people. But they put the R
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ใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰่จ›ใ‚Šใง่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€Œๆฎบไบบ่€…ใฏ่ตคใ„ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ ใ‚นใ‚ณใƒƒใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ‰ใฎ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏRใฎ
10:56
sound in. I kind of did it then. Maybe I can do it after all. But in my accent, I would
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้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚„ใฃใฑใ‚Šใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใง
11:02
say, "the murderer wore red." So we don't roll our tongues. And that's something -- if
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œๆฎบไบบ่€…ใฏ่ตคใ„ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ็งใŸใกใฏ่ˆŒใ‚’่ปขใŒใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:12
you want to speak standard British English, you could work on that R if you do it. So
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ๆจ™ๆบ–็š„ใชใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ— ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€R ใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
11:18
if you're Arabic or if you're Spanish, Italian as well, you could work on that sound.
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ขใƒฉใƒ“ใ‚ขไบบใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณไบบใชใ‚‰ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขไบบ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใใฎ้Ÿณใซๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
11:25
No. 7, now. So this is a hard sound. I'm going to have to be honest with you. It's a hard
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7็•ชใ€ไปŠใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆญฃ็›ดใซใชใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:32
sound for me because I'm a Londoner, and I'm from South London, and we're not very -- we
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็งใฏใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณใฃๅญใงใ€ๅ—ใƒญใƒณใƒ‰ใƒณๅ‡บ่บซใชใฎใงใ€็งใซใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚็ง
11:41
don't like this sound very much. We like to replace it with an F sound. I'm not too bad
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ใŸใกใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ Fใฎ้Ÿณใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œthreeใ€ใ€ใ€Œthoughtใ€
11:47
making this sound at the beginning of a word, "three", "thought", "think". But sometimes,
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ใ€ใ€Œthinkใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ ญใซใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆ‚ชใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ๆ™‚ใ€…
11:55
it's quite hard for me, like in this word. I want to say "birfday" with an F, but it
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ใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใซใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒ‡ใƒผใ€ใ‚’Fใง่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ™
12:03
should be "birthday". It's really hard for me. But it's not just hard for me; it's hard
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œใƒใƒผใ‚นใƒ‡ใƒผใ€ใฎใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใซใจใฃใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:09
for people all over the world. Maybe we should just get rid of this sound. We don't need
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ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไบบใ€…ใซใจใฃใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใถใ‚“ ใ€ใ“ใฎ้Ÿณใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆ
12:14
it anymore. Some people replace it with D. I've got an Italian student who replaces it
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ D ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚D ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขไบบใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ„ใพใ™
12:20
with D. So he would say "dirty dree". That's not an Italian restaurant, but -- restaurant?
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ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใฏ "dirty dree" ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใฏใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
12:26
Italian restaurant? Why am I thinking about food? It's not an Italian accent. Because
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ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ขใƒณใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณ๏ผŸ ใชใœ็งใฏ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚คใ‚ฟใƒชใ‚ข่ชžใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:31
he can't say "th", he replaces it with /d/. But other people might replace it with /v/
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ๅฝผใฏใ€Œthใ€ใŒ่จ€ใˆใชใ„ใฎใงใ€/d/ ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ /v/ ใซ็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:40
as well. So a tip for making the "th" sound, you put your tongue between your teeth. And
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œthใ€ใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใฎ ใ‚ณใƒ„ใฏใ€ๆญฏใฎ้–“ใซ่ˆŒใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
12:51
it's a kind of whisly sound without the /f/. Your lip is more pursed at the top. So you
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ใพใŸใ€/f/ ใฎใชใ„ใ€ใ•ใ•ใ‚„ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ”‡ใฏไธŠใฎๆ–นใŒใ™ใผใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
13:04
don't want to do that when you're making the "th". Just try it. I'll say the words for
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ใ€ใ€Œthใ€ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใซใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใชใ‚ˆใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ„
13:10
you. "Three", "thumbs" -- thumbs up if you can make that sound -- "birthday", "thought",
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚นใƒชใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใŸใ€ใ€
13:19
"think", "bath". It's hard for me. I'm trying. I'm trying with you. We're learning together today.
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ใ€Œ่€ƒใˆใŸใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใ€ใฎ็™บ้ŸณใŒใงใใŸใ‚‰่ฆชๆŒ‡ใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸ ใจ่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚‚ไธ€็ท’ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใงใ™ใ€‚
13:27
And rule No. 8, "can't". Oh, that's meant to have that there. A lot of people get confused
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ใใ—ใฆใƒซใƒผใƒซNo.8ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ
13:39
because sometimes they think, "Did you say a negative there, or did you say the positive?"
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ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:46
They get really confused. In British English, we don't always say the T. We don't always
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚คใ‚ฎใƒชใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชž ใงใฏใ€ๅธธใซ T ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
13:55
pronounce the T in this word "can't". So it might sound like this, "I can't understand
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ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€Œcan'tใ€ใฎ T ใ‚’ๅธธใซ็™บ้Ÿณใ™ใ‚‹ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
14:01
you." But it might also sound like this, "I can understand you." And when I said it the
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:08
second way, you didn't hear the T. And the reason that happens is speech just become
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใฏใ€T ใŒ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใŒ
14:16
as little bit more fluid, a little bit more easy to say without the T. But you don't need
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆตๅ‹•็š„ใซใชใ‚Š ใ€T ใŒใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:22
to be confused because, actually, the opposite of "can't" is "can". And /caen/ is a different
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใฎๅๅฏพใฏใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆททไนฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ /caen/ ใฏๅˆฅใฎ
14:40
vowel. It's /ae/, whereas this vowel is /a/. So they would sound completely different.
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ๆฏ้Ÿณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ /ae/ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆฏ้Ÿณใฏ /a/ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
14:48
It would be, "I can't understand you." Very different to "I can't understand you" or "I
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใชใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใฏ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
14:57
can understand you." So when you're listening out for that negative sometimes, know that
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎใƒใ‚ฌใ‚’ๆ™‚ใ€…่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏ
15:03
we might say it with or without a T.
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ใ€T ใฎๆœ‰็„กใซใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
15:06
So thank you everybody for watching today. You can do a little bit of extra practice
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
15:14
on the EngVid site for this lesson. And if you do like my lesson, please do subscribe
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€EngVid ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงๅฐ‘ใ—่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็งใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚็™บ้Ÿณใ ใ‘
15:21
because I make lots of different lessons, not just about pronunciation but all other
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ใงใชใใ€่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚
15:25
things about learning English as well that I think will be very education and very useful
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ใ€้žๅธธใซๆ•™่‚ฒ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Š
15:31
for you in your general development as a learner of English or someone who's just trying to
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–‹็™บใซ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅญฆ็ฟ’่€…ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—
15:36
improve your English. And I'm finished now, so I'm going to go. I'm going to go now, okay?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€‚ ใงใ€ใ‚‚ใ†็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸ ใฎใง่กŒใฃใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏไปŠ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:48
I'll see you later.
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ๅพŒใงไผšใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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