Is chimp politics like ours? - 6 Minute English

68,048 views ใƒป 2021-09-02

BBC Learning English


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื”.

00:00
Hi! Neil from BBC Learning English here.
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ื”ื™ื™! ื ื™ืœ ืž-BBC ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืืŸ.
00:03
Did you know that we are now offering
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื›ืขืช
00:06
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ืคืจืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ 6
00:08
Minute English exclusively on our
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00:11
website? So go to
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00:11
bbclearninenglish.com to find your
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ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•? ืื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ
bbclearninenglish.com ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช
00:14
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ื”ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ืš
00:16
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ืš.
00:18
The extra episodes are only
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ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
00:20
available on our website:
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ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•:
00:22
bbclearningenglish.com.
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bbclearningenglish.com.
00:24
See you there!
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ื ืชืจืื” ืฉื!
00:34
Hello. This is 6 Minute English from
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ืฉืœื•ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ 6 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช
00:36
BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.
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BBC Learning English. ืื ื™ ื ื™ืœ.
00:38
And I'm Sam.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืกื.
00:40
In English, there are many expressions
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
00:41
which use an adjective to compare
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ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ
00:43
humans with animals. For example, you
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
00:46
might say, She's as busy as a bee...
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื ืขืกื•ืงื” ื›ืžื• ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”...
00:49
As hungry as a horse. But you probably
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ืจืขื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืก. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื ืจืื”
00:52
won't hear someone say
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ืฉืœื ืชืฉืžืข ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ
00:54
'She's as clever as a chimpanzee'.
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'ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”'.
00:56
... which is strange, because of all the
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... ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืœ
00:59
animals it's our close cousins,
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:01
chimpanzees, or chimps for short,
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ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื,
01:04
who are most like us.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•.
01:06
Just like humans, chimps are highly
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื”ื
01:09
intelligent. They live in social groups
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ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
01:11
and just like humans these
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
01:12
groups have leaders.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื.
01:14
Also, like humans, chimps have
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืœืฉืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉ
01:16
a desire for power. In fact,
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ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื—. ืœืžืขืฉื”,
01:18
chimpanzees have their own politics
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ืœืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืœื”ื
01:20
which is surprisingly similar to
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ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”
01:23
human politics, as we'll be
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื’ืœื”
01:25
discovering in this programme.
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ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•.
01:27
Research shows that the reason
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื”
01:29
chimpanzee behaviour so closely
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ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš
01:31
resembles human politics is because
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ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื”
01:33
biologically we are almost identical.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื™ื.
01:36
Did you know that a chimp is more
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ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืฉื™ืžื ื–ื”
01:38
like a human than like a gorilla?
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ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืžืืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจื™ืœื”?
01:40
So, Sam, my quiz question is this:
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ืื–, ืกื, ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื•:
01:42
biologically, how close are
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื›ืžื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื
01:44
chimpanzees to humans? Is it:
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ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื? ื”ืื ื–ื”:
01:46
a) 79 % ? b) 89 % ?, or c) 99 % ?
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ื) 79%? ื‘) 89% ?, ืื• ื’) 99% ?
01:53
Well, Neil, if chimps and humans
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื™ืœ, ืื ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
01:55
are almost identical, I'll guess c) 99 %.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ื’) 99%.
01:59
OK, Sam, we'll find out the correct
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื’ืœื” ืืช
02:01
answer at the end of the programme.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
02:03
In human societies of course, not
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื
02:05
everyone gets to be a political leader.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:07
It's usually the most powerful or
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื–ืง ืื•
02:09
ambitious person who
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ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš
02:10
becomes president.
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ืœื ืฉื™ื.
02:12
In chimpanzee society this is
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื–ื”
02:14
called the alpha male - the most
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ื ืงืจื ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืืœืคื -
02:16
successful and powerful male
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ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:18
who leads the group.
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ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
02:20
Professor Frans de Waal is an
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืคืจื ืก ื“ื” ื•ืืœ ื”ื•ื
02:21
expert on chimpanzee behaviour.
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ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”.
02:24
Here he is on BBC World Service
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ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœ BBC
02:26
programme, The Why Factor, telling
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, The Why Factor, ื•ืžืกืคืจ
02:27
presenter, James Tilley, about one
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ืœืžื’ื™ืฉ, ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ื˜ื™ืœื™, ืขืœ
02:30
example of chimp behaviour which
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืงืคืช
02:32
closely mirrors human politics.
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ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:35
Older males who are over the hill
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ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”
02:38
and cannot be alpha males any more,
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ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื™ ืืœืคื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:40
they start grooming a certain young
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคื— ื–ื›ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื
02:42
male who they think has a future,
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ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืชื™ื“,
02:44
and they may end up making that
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ื•ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช
02:46
young male the alpha male with
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ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืœื–ื›ืจ ืืœืคื
02:47
their help, meaning that they are
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื
02:49
essential to the power of
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ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืœื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ
02:50
that young male...
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ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”...
02:51
They're the power behind the
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ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืื—ื•ืจื™
02:52
throne, really...
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ื›ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื‘ืืžืช...
02:53
Yeah - these older males - and you
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ื›ืŸ - ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” - ื•ืืชื”
02:55
see that in human politics all the
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ืจื•ืื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ
02:56
time, these older males who have
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
02:58
a lot of influence still.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ .
03:00
Professor de Waal calls chimps
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื“ื” ื•ืืœ ืžื›ื ื” ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื
03:02
who are too old to be alpha males,
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ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืจื™ ืืœืคื,
03:05
over the hill - a phrase describing
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ืขื” - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ
03:07
someone who is old and no
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื
03:09
longer useful or attractive.
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืื• ืžื•ืฉืš.
03:11
Older chimps try to control younger
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ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:13
males in order to maintain their own
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ
03:15
power and influence. In other words,
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ื›ื•ื—ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
03:18
they are the power behind the
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ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™
03:19
throne - an expression meaning
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ื›ืก ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช - ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•
03:21
someone with no official power but
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืจืฉืžื™ ืื‘ืœ
03:23
who secretly controls
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ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืกืชืจ
03:24
things in the background.
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืงืข.
03:26
Another example of chimp
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
03:27
politics is when several weaker
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ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืคืจ
03:29
males gang up and overthrow a
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ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ื–ื›ืจ
03:33
stronger alpha male. By working
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ืืœืคื ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
03:35
together weaker chimps can
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ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
03:37
increase their power and the
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ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืืช
03:38
benefits, like food,
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
03:40
which power brings.
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ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ืžื‘ื™ื.
03:42
According to Simon Hicks, professor
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื™ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืก, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ
03:44
of political science at the London
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ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
03:46
School of Economics, human
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
03:48
alliances work in exactly the same way.
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ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ.
03:51
Here is Professor Hicks speaking
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ื”ื ื” ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืก ืžื“ื‘ืจ
03:52
with BBC World Service
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ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช BBC World Service
03:54
programme, The Why Factor:
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, The Why Factor:
03:56
So, for example if you imagine three
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ืื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ
03:58
parties in a parliament, one big one
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ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜, ืื—ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
04:00
and two small ones, you might think
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ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื™ ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘
04:02
that naturally the most likely coalition
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ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:03
is the big party with either one
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
04:05
of the two small ones, whereas,
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ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“
04:07
in fact, minimum winning coalition
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื™ืช ืžื ืฆื—ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช
04:08
prediction would suggest the two
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ืชืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื
04:09
smaller ones should get together,
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ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ,
04:11
if together they can reach more
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ืื ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ืชืจ
04:12
than 50 percent of the seats,
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ืž-50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:14
because they can divide up the
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืืช
04:15
spoils between the two of them.
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ื”ืฉืœืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:16
Whereas, if either one of them form
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ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืงื™ื
04:18
a coalition with a big party, the big
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ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžืคืœื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
04:20
party would dominate, and they
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ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืฉืœื•ื˜, ื•ื”ื
04:21
wouldn't get many of the
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ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื”
04:22
spoils for themselves.
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ืžื”ืฉืœืœ ืœืขืฆืžื.
04:24
Professor Hicks recommends
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ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืก ืžืžืœื™ืฅ
04:26
that smaller political parties get
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ืœืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:28
together - join together in a group
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ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ - ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
04:30
to combine their power.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ืŸ.
04:32
These smaller parties could form
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ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื
04:34
a coalition - a collection of different
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ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” - ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ
04:37
political groups who unite for a
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื—ื“ื•ืช
04:39
limited time to form a government.
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ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœื”.
04:42
In human politics making coalitions
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ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช
04:44
improves your chances of
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ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš
04:45
winning an election.
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ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
04:46
And in chimpanzee politics coalitions
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ื•ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื” ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช
04:49
are a good way for young male
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ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ
04:51
chimps to defeat the alpha male
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ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืืœืคื
04:53
and divide up the spoils between
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ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืฉืœืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื
04:55
themselves. Here, the word spoils
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. ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืœืœ
04:59
means the benefits obtained by
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื•
05:01
winning a war or being in
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ืžื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•
05:02
a strong position.
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ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ื—ื–ืงื”.
05:04
For ambitious alpha chimps the
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื•ืช ืืœืคื ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื•ืช,
05:06
spoils might include getting first
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ื”ืฉืœืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ
05:08
choice of food and female partners.
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื–ื•ื’.
05:10
While for human politicians power
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ืืžื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ื•ื—
05:12
can bring wealth and fame as well.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ืชื”ื™ืœื”.
05:15
And there's something else alpha
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
05:16
chimpanzees and human politicians
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ืœืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ืืœืคื ื•ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื
05:18
have in common - they like to show
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- ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช
05:20
their softer side by kissing babies!
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ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ืงืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช!
05:24
It looks like chimps and humans
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
05:25
share many similar behaviours after all -
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ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ -
05:28
which reminds me of your
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ืžื” ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช
05:29
quiz question, Neil.
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ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš, ื ื™ืœ.
05:31
Yes, in my quiz question I asked Sam
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืกื
05:33
how similar we are to chimps.
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉืžืคื ื–ื™ื.
05:35
What did you say, Sam?
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ืžื” ืืžืจืช, ืกืื?
05:37
I said that, biologically speaking,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
05:40
we're - c) 99 % the same.
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ืื ื—ื ื• - ื’) 99% ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:42
Which is the correct answer!
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”!
05:44
Well done, Sam - you're as
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ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืกืื - ืืชื”
05:45
clever as a chimp!
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ื—ื›ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื”!
05:46
Ah, thanks, Neil! And you're
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ืื”, ืชื•ื“ื”, ื ื™ืœ! ื•ืืชื”
05:48
definitely not over the hill! Let's
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืžืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”! ื‘ื•ืื•
05:51
recap the vocabulary from today's
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ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
05:53
programme about chimp politics,
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ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื,
05:55
starting with alpha male - the most
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ืืœืคื -
05:58
successful and powerful
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05:59
male in any group.
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ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื•ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
06:01
Over the hill is used to describe
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ืขื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ
06:03
someone who is old and no
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื
06:05
longer useful or attractive.
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืื• ืžื•ืฉืš.
06:07
Someone who is the power behind
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื›ืก
06:09
the throne secretly controls things
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ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืชืจ
06:12
but has no official power.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืจืฉืžื™.
06:14
Get together means join
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ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•
06:15
together as a group.
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ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
06:17
A coalition is when different
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ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ
06:18
political groups temporarily
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™
06:21
unite to form a government.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœื”.
06:23
And finally, the spoils are benefits
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืฉืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
06:25
or advantages gained by
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ืื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
06:27
winning a war.
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ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”.
06:28
That's all for this programme.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•.
06:30
Bye for now!
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ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื!
06:31
Goodbye!
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ื”ึฑื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื!
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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