An Extreme Weather Report From America’s Weatherman | Al Roker | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

I first started doing television weather in 1974 when I was a sophomore in college,

1974 年我就讀大學二年級時， 初次在電視上報導氣象，

我自此看到了很多改變， 我知道各位也看到了。

and I have seen a lot of changes that I know you have.

From history-making hurricanes,

從創下歷史的颶風， 打破記錄的暴風雪，

we're talking about record-breaking blizzards.

I've been --

我一直——

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

Yeah, OK, laugh at my suffering.

好吧，看我受苦很好笑。 很高興各位這麼開心。

I'm glad you feel that good.

Hurricane Sandy, this was really, to me, a game changer as far as climate,

對我來說，颶風桑迪， 當大家了解怎麼回事時，

它真的可說顛覆了氣候的遊戲規則。

when people realized what was going on.

Hurricane Ida, which came onshore,

颶風艾達則登陸了，

causing massive problems not just at landfall

造成重大的問題，不僅是在登陸時，

but also as it moved inland causing massive, massive flooding.

隨著它向內陸移動， 還造成非常嚴重的淹水。

A lot of us recently experienced dangerous air quality

最近我們很多人都經歷了 危險的空氣品質，

because of wildfires up in Canada,

原因是加拿大的野火，

that smoke stretched as far south as Atlanta.

造成的煙向南一路擴散到 亞特蘭大這麼遠。

We're also experiencing atmospheric rivers,

我們面臨的還有大氣河流、

cyclogenic bombs of low pressure.

低氣壓的氣旋風暴。

We’ve also looked at rising ocean levels and, of course,

我們還看到海平面上升，

當然，還有足以 癱瘓一切的冬季風暴，

paralyzing winter storms, stretching from Texas into the northeast,

從德州一路延伸到東北，

unprecedented heat and flash flooding

還有前所未見的高溫以及瞬間洪水，

all within the last couple of weeks.

這些都是前幾週發生的。

If we were to talk about everything that's going on,

如果我們要談在過去幾年發生的所有

all these extreme weather events

極端天氣事件，

that have been happening in the last couple of years,

we would literally be here for a couple of hours.

講幾個小時也講不完。

So we just wanted to take a look at some of the extreme weather events

所以我們只想談談 其中一些極端天氣事件，

that are being fueled by climate change.

都是因為氣候變遷而加劇的事件。

So we boiled it down to a few key bullet points,

整理成幾個重點來談。

talking about hurricanes,

我們會談颶風、

tornadoes and wildfires.

龍捲風，以及野火。

And literally this is the tip of the iceberg

這些真的只是氣候變遷的冰山一角。

when it comes to climate change.

Let's talk about, for example, hurricanes.

比如，咱們來談談颶風。

Did you know that between 2016 and 2019,

各位可知道， 從 2016 年到 2019 年間，

we had four straight years with Category 5 hurricanes?

我們有連續四年

都出現五級颶風？五級是最大的等級。

That's the top of the level.

That is unprecedented.

那是史上第一次。

And beyond the increasing frequency,

除了頻率增加，

hurricanes are also intensifying more rapidly.

颶風也更快速地增強。

We're seeing that happen time and time again with these hurricanes

我們屢次在颶風靠近海岸時 看到這樣的現象。

as they approach shore.

And this is because the environment is favorable,

這是因為環境

提供助長條件，海水的溫度上升。

because the ocean waters have heated up.

Now, let's talk about tornadoes.

現在來談談龍捲風。

Same thing goes for this.

同樣的狀況，研究發現

Studies have shown an increase in tornado frequency,

龍捲風出現頻率增加，

more EF2 tornadoes in the Midwest and the Southeast.

中西部和東南部有越來越多 EF2 級的龍捲風。

There's actually been a diminution of those tornadoes

事實上，在傳統的龍捲風帶， 這類龍捲風反而減少了。

in the traditional tornado belt.

They have moved east, south and north

它們朝東方、南方，和北方移動，

in areas that are a lot more prevalent with larger populations.

進入人口比較多的地區。

And we're talking about more tornadoes during winter,

且在冬季有更多的龍捲風，

which is really something that we haven't seen in the last ten years.

在過去十年都沒有見過這樣的現象。

Wildfires.

野火。

OK, we know about the wildfires that happen out West,

我們知道在西部發生的野火，

and the average acreage burned in warm season has nearly doubled.

且暖季的平均燒毀面積 已經變成近兩倍。

There is no more wildfire season out West.

西部不再有野火季節了。

And the folks out West were laughing at us in the East saying,

西部的人這樣笑我們東部的人：

"Hey, get used to it.

「嘿，習慣它就是了， 我們這一直都這樣。」

This is what we've been seeing."

We're getting used to bad air quality.

我們正在習慣不好的空氣品質，

And in fact, the intensity from these frequent wildfires

事實上，這些頻繁野火的強度

has led to the deterioration of our lifestyle, our air quality,

已經導致我們的生活方式 和空氣品質惡化，

loss of property and crops.

以及財產和作物的損失。

It is just really one of these things that is changing how we live.

它其實只是改變我們 如何生活的因素之一。

But what happens to those folks who actually struggle?

但那些真正處在 困境中的人會怎麼樣？

Struggle with the actual impacts of climate change?

受到氣候變遷實際衝擊的人？

Now, we've known for years that communities

多年來我們一直都知道，

最容易受到氣候變遷效應影響的族群

that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change

are the ones that are least responsible for climate change itself.

是最不需要為氣候變遷負責的族群。

In fact, the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,

事實上，最近，政府間 氣候變遷專門委員會，

the IPCC,

即 IPCC，

estimates that in the next 30 years, and that's not that long,

估計在接下來的三十年， 這並不是很長的時間，

140 million people will be displaced worldwide.

全世界會有一億四千萬人 被迫離開家園。

That's more than the population of Russia.

這人數比俄羅斯的人口還多。

That's how many people we're talking about.

我們在談的就是這麼多人。

Here in the United States,

在美國這裡，

federal government has had to start to compensate Indigenous communities

聯邦政府已經開始賠償原住民族群，

because they've had to move because of sea level rise

因為他們被迫遷移， 原因包括海平面上升

and warming of the atmosphere.

以及大氣暖化。

We were recently in Alaska and saw the change

最近我們去過阿拉斯加，

看到那裡的原住民族群 所遭遇的改變，

that has happened to the Indigenous communities there

because of their lifestyle,

因為他們的生活方式、他們的部落，

their community and their heritage is being lost because of this.

和他們的遺產都因此而喪失了。

Now about 75 percent of the world

全世界有 75% 的人口

lives under the poverty line in rural areas.

生活在低於貧窮門檻的鄉村地區。

And these are the same areas

這些地區也正好是

whose natural resources are being undermined and destroyed

天然資源被極端乾旱、豪雨，

by extreme drought, torrential rainfall and wildfires.

和野火給破壞和摧毀的地區。

And even though they try to do what they can,

雖然他們盡力而為，

these events often force these communities from their very homes,

這些事件通常都會迫使這些族群

離開他們自己的家、

changing their lives, their communities and their culture.

改變他們的生活、

他們的社區，和他們的文化。

Now, outside of our cultural communities,

除了我們的文化族群之外，

climate change has an effect on our national security.

氣候變遷也會影響到 我們的國家安全。

And that change of climate is going to affect

氣候的改變

將會影響到訓練戰士的能力，

the ability to train war fighters,

to maintain facilities at home and abroad

更難維護在家園和海外的設施機構，

and to be able to operate effectively with a fighting force

作戰部隊也更難有效執行任務，

because of climate change.

全都是因為氣候變遷。

And in fact, a recent report by the Rand Corporation

事實上，蘭德公司最近有一份報告

highlighted how climate change is already affecting military sites

強調氣候變遷已經影響到

世界各地的軍事基地，

all around the world

because of the diversion of funds

因為強化這些基地對抗 氣候變遷的資金被挪用了。

to have to harden these sites against climate change.

And you think about vulnerability,

談到容易受到影響的人， 要思考的其中一點就是

one of the things we have to think about, the people who work outside,

在戶外工作的人。

in one of the earlier sessions,

在先前的一個場次中 有農民來談這個主題。

we had some farmers here talking about this.

農民、農場工人、

Well, farmers, farm workers,

outdoor industries, construction workers, even our kids at summer camps,

戶外產業、建築工人， 甚至在夏令營的孩子，

they have to change how they work because of hotter and hotter summers.

因為夏天一年比一年熱， 他們都得改變他們的工作方式。

Now what can we do?

我們能怎麼做？

How do we change things?

我們怎麼做出改變？

How do we get those solutions going

我們如何讓那些解決方案 動起來，來協助我們

that help us harden ourselves against climate change?

更能夠對抗氣候變遷？

Well, one of the most impactful options is electrification.

嗯，最有影響力的 選項之一就是電氣化。

Sure, we think about cars, but what about stoves?

的確，我們有想到汽車，

那爐子呢？割草機呢？吹葉機呢？

What about lawnmowers, leaf blowers?

In fact, a recent automotive test --

事實上，近期有一項 自動推進測試——

think about this, running a leaf blower for 30 minutes

想想看，讓一台吹葉機 運作三十分鐘，

adds more pollution to the atmosphere

在大氣中增加的汙染超過

一台 F-150 卡車行駛三千八百英里。

than an F-150 truck driving 3,800 miles.

(Audience) Whoa!

（觀眾）哇！ 只是一台吹葉機。

One leaf blower.

And not to mention the noise.

噪音就更不用說了。

You change over to an electric leaf blower ...

你改用電力吹葉機……

OK --

好——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I'm not sure if you're against electric or leaf blowers,

我不確定你們是反對電氣或吹葉機，

but you should be for both.

但兩者都應該反對。

And of course,

當然，

everybody will appreciate it, not only your neighbors,

大家都會很高興有它，不只是 你的鄰居，還有你的動物鄰居。

but your animal neighbors as well.

And in fact, when we talk about our lawns,

事實上，當我們談到我們的草皮時，

因為草皮需要很多照護，

because a lot of lawn care goes into this,

we need to stop thinking about, you know, that green, lush lawn.

我們得要停止去想蒼翠繁茂的草皮。

Let's rethink that to using more shrubbery, more brushes,

咱們重新思考，改用更多 灌木、更多短而密的植物，

more drought-resistant plants.

更多能抵抗乾旱的植物。

It’s called xeriscaping.

這叫做抗旱景觀。

So that there’s less green as far as lawns, well-manicured lawns,

就草皮來說，會比較少 修剪整齊的綠色草皮，

and more natural, indigenous plants that help conserve water

會有更多天然的、原生的植物，

協助保存水，

and help the actual planet keep that water in.

並協助地球把水保留在內部。

And then there's another area that we can talk about.

我們還可以談另一個領域， 我知道各位看著我，心想：

I know you look at me and you think,

「是的，他很時髦。

"Yes, he's fashionable.

Yes, he's GQ."

是的，他是 GQ。」對吧？

Right? OK.

Well, the fact of the matter is, you know, fast fashion,

重點是，快時尚，

that is just a real detriment for our environment.

對我們的環境真的很有害。

It's cheap, quick, mass-produced fashions

它是便宜、快速、

大量生產的時尚，

that are meant to be discarded,

穿完本來就應該被丟棄，

fill up our landfills, cause pollution because of the dyes that are used.

送去掩埋場，它們 使用的染料會造成汙染。

So what you end up doing

所以，最終，你在做的事

is adding to landfills and spending a lot of money.

就是增加送去掩埋場的 垃圾和花很多錢。

Instead, find good, durable, sustainable clothing

改變一下，去找好的、 耐用的、永續的衣物，

that's going to last more than one season

可以穿超過一季以上，

and you help reduce our landfills and causing more problems.

你就能協助減少掩埋場的垃圾 以及它們造成的問題。

And look good doing it, too.

且看起來也很讚。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And lastly, the most important thing.

最後，最重要的一點，

Engagement.

投入。

You have to be engaged.

你必須要投入，你必須要知道，

You have to know, let your elected officials know

讓你選出來的官員知道，

that this is important to you.

這件事對你很重要。

You have to vote.

你得去投票，

You have to vote.

你得去投票，你得走出去，

You have to go out there and support politicians

去支持那些會支持地球的政治家。

who are going to support our planet.

You know, one of the things that has changed my outlook

我會在非常短的時間內改變 觀點，其中一個原因如下。

in a very short period of time.

Nine days ago, I became a grandpa.

九天前，我當外公了。

(Cheers and applause)

（歡呼及掌聲）

I thought you’d pause and think, “He’s not old enough.”

我知道大家停頓一下是因為 在想：「他沒那麼老吧。」

But.

Obviously that's not the case.

但很顯然是夠老了。

But I was holding my new granddaughter, Sky, which is -- I love the name.

但，

我抱著我剛出生的外孫女， 小天——我喜歡這名字。

Aww.

喔。

And I was literally, on Tuesday,

星期二時，我真的是 抱著她坐了兩個小時，

sitting about two hours, holding her,

while I let my daughter and her husband get a break.

讓我女兒和女婿喘口氣。

And I was thinking about giving this talk.

我當時在想這場演說，

And I was thinking about,

我在想，

what kind of world is she going to have?

她將來會生活在怎樣的世界上？

面對現實吧，

I mean, let's face it.

I'm only going to be here, if I'm lucky, maybe another 15 years.

幸運的話，我也許還可以 再活十五年吧，天知道，

Who knows?

但，

But it's her world.

那是她的世界。

All of our grandkids and their kids, it's going to be their world.

那是我們所有的孫子孫女 以及他們的孩子生活的世界。

What world are we leaving them?

我們要留給他們什麼樣的世界？

This younger generation is going to fight this fight.

要打這場仗的是這個更年輕的世代。

So support them.

所以，支持他們， 支持這樣的政治家：

Support politicians who decide that our planet and its health

認定地球以及地球的健康 才是比較重要的，

is the more important thing,

that climate change is the most existential threat to our survival.

認定氣候變遷對我們的生存 最有威脅性的政治家。

And make sure that you do what you can.

並確保你會盡力而為。

Be conscious of the decisions you make.

要很清楚意識到自己做什麼決策。

We can all get together

我們所有人可以團結起來，

and make each individually come together

讓所有的個人集結在一起，

and make a great change and change our planet.

做出重大的改變，改變我們的地球。

Thank you very much.

非常謝謝。

(Cheers and applause)

（歡呼及掌聲）