The Outlaws of the Ocean — and How We're Reeling Them In | Tony Long | TED

譯者: Fred Tsang 審譯者: Helen Chang

I joined the British Royal Navy at the tender age of 17

我在十七歲的小小年紀 加入了英國皇家海軍，

and in three decades of service, lived in worked in every ocean.

在工作的三十年間 到過每一片海洋。

I witnessed firsthand the hidden world of the high seas,

我親眼目睹了 公海上隱藏的世界，

sometimes the only vessel for hundreds of miles.

有時我的船 是數百英里內唯一的船。

And other times I'd wake up surrounded in a fishing fleet

有時我一醒來 卻發現自己被漁船隊包圍，

that, despite having powerful technology at my fingertips,

儘管我手頭上有強大的技術，

I didn’t really know who they were or what they’d been doing.

但我並不確知他們是誰、在做什麼。

It is a Wild West out there, and rogue fishers ...

這就像一個西部荒野， 不法漁民……

rogue fishes are extracting --

不法漁民正在濫捕——

well, they’re disobeying the laws that we put in place

他們正在違反法律，

違反我們爲了保護海洋 和其資源而制定的法律。

to protect our ocean and its resources.

And they're pillaging colossal amounts of fish.

他們劫掠巨量的魚，

Seafood,

海鮮，

one fifth of seafood is thought to be caught illegally or is simply unreported.

據信有五分之一的海鮮 來自非法捕撈或根本沒有報告。

And that's a crime worth up to 23.5 billion dollars.

這是一項價值達 235 億美元的罪行。

And it's a crime that skews the science,

這種犯罪行為歪曲了科學，

so it affects the sustainability of our fisheries,

威脅著漁業的可持續性，

it threatens the health of our ocean

威脅着海洋的健康，

and the well-being of millions of people,

危害著數百萬人的福祉，

mainly in poorer countries.

尤其是貧窮國家的人。

And it's not just pirate fishing

不僅僅是非法捕撈

that's threatening the future of our ocean.

正在威脅著我們的海洋未來，

Out at sea, oil spills are going undetected

在海上，石油泄漏未被檢測，

and therefore unpunished.

也就沒有被懲罰。

There’s a massive, unmonitored growth in shipping,

還有急速增長 且未受監控的航運業、

oil and gas exploration and aquaculture, to mention just a few.

油氣開採業、

水產養殖業等，僅舉幾例，

And this is piling pressure on an ocean that's already stressed by climate change.

都對本已面臨氣候變化壓力的海洋 產生了更大的壓力。

The straightforward fact is,

事實很簡單，

if you can't see it, you can't manage it.

如果你看不見它， 就無法管理它。

And I know from experience, you can't monitor the whole ocean

我從經驗中知道，

你無法從甲板上監控整個海洋，

from the decks of ships.

But you can from space.

但你可以從太空中做到。

And these are interesting times

這是一個有趣的時代，

because seemingly intractable problems are starting to yield

因為看似棘手的問題

開始屈服於技術、人工智慧 和全球互聯的力量。

to the power of technology, AI, and global interconnectedness.

Up there right now, there's thousands of satellites,

現在，有數千顆衛星在上空，

beaming back an enormous amount of data from the remotest parts of our ocean.

從最遙遠的海域 向我們回傳著大量數據。

What if we could harness that data,

如果我們能利用這些數據，使其有用，

make it useful and available to people who care about the ocean?

並提供給關心海洋的人，會怎樣？

Well, thanks to rapid advances in technology and AI, we can do that.

感謝科技和人工智慧的快速進步， 我們能夠做到這一點。

Using GPS location data and machine learning,

利用 GPS 定位數據和機器學習，

Global Fishing Watch built the first-ever live stream map

Global Fishing Watch 開發了有史以來第一個

to monitor the industrial fishing fleet.

用於監測工業捕魚船隊的實時地圖。

At the moment, we see some 70,000 vessels.

此刻，我們可以看到 大約七萬艘船隻。

We've made this information public and freely available to the world.

我們已經將這些信息公開 並免費提供給全世界。

But technology moves on.

但是科技在進步......

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Technology moves on rapidly.

科技發展迅速。

There's new and emerging technology that we need to embrace

我們需要擁抱新興科技，

以便將這一圖景 提供給所有需要的它的人。

in order to give this picture to everybody who needs it.

例如，當我們與日本 和南韓的合作夥伴合作時，

Like when we were working with our partners in Japan and South Korea,

他們告訴我們，在北韓水域中 存在非法的捕魚活動

they told us there was illegal fishing suspected in North Korean waters

有違反聯合國製裁的嫌疑。

in contravention of the UN sanctions there.

But when we first took a look on our map,

但是當我們首次查看地圖時，

we could see very little fishing

我們幾乎看不到任何捕魚活動，

因為這些船隻沒有共享

because those vessels were not sharing their GPS location data,

他們應該共享的 GPS 位置數據。

as they should.

We call them “dark vessels.”

我們稱之為「黑船」（dark vessels）。

And generally, dark vessels are up to no good.

一般而言，黑船的情況往往很棘手。

So we had to turn to other sources of data.

因此，我們必須轉向 其他的資料來源。

We looked at satellite-based radar and optical imagery,

我們通過衛星雷達 和光學影像，

and we lit that region up.

照亮了那片海域。

We revealed an armada of almost 1,000 vessels.

我們揭示了一支 近一千艘船的艦隊。

It's one of the largest cases of illegal fishing ever seen.

這是有史以來最大規模的 非法捕撈案件之一。

But there's huge human impact too.

這隻船隊也人類造成衝擊。

Tragedy.

悲劇。

Because they're smaller,

由於這些北韓的船隻較小且狀況不佳，

more rickety North Korean boats could not compete with that vast fleet.

無法與那庞大的船隊競爭。

They were pushed further and further out to sea, and as a result,

它們被推得越來越遠離岸邊，

結果導致數百艘船隻傾覆，

hundreds of them would be capsized to be washed ashore in Japan

被沖到日本的海岸，

with the crew either starving or dead.

船員即將餓死或已經死亡。

We made our findings public and as a result,

我們將我們的發現 公之於眾，

we compelled the authorities to take action.

結果迫使當局採取行動。

Illegal fishing in that region has dropped by 75 percent,

該地區的非法捕撈 減少了 75%，

and we're not seeing hundreds of vessels now washing ashore in Japan.

現在不再有數百艘船隻 被沖上日本海岸。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

The good news is that the techniques we used

好消息是

我們用來揭示北韓所發生情況的技術，

to illuminate what was happening in North Korea,

我們可以在任何地方使用，

we can use anywhere and everywhere

to make the invisible visible.

使看不見的東西變得可見。

Today, any of you can click on the internet

今天，你們都可以 透過網路點擊，

to explore roads and buildings on land.

探索地上的道路和建築物。

Why can't we do the same for the ocean?

為什麼我們不能 對海洋這麼做呢？

We need to create a dynamic, complete map

我們需要創建一張 動態、完整的

of all industrial activity out at sea

海上工業活動地圖，

and make it available to everybody for free.

並免費開放給每個人。

Well, thanks to the Audacious community,

感謝 Audacious 社群的支持，

we're going to do that using GPS location data

我們將使用 GPS 定位數據

and millions of gigabytes of satellite imagery,

和數百萬 GB 的衛星圖像，

we’ll use AI to map and monitor more than a million oceangoing vessels.

以及使用人工智慧來繪製和監控 超過一百萬艘航行中的船舶。

We will monitor the entire industrial fishing fleet

我們將監控整個工業漁船艦隊

and those dark vessels.

和那些「黑船」。

We'll add in hundreds of thousands of cargo vessels,

我們還將加入數十萬艘貨輪、

tens of thousands of oil and gas structures,

數萬座油氣開採站、

aquaculture farms and wind farms.

水產養殖場和風力發電場。

With this public information,

憑藉這些公開信息，

conservationists will have the information they need

保育人士將擁有所需的信息，

to protect critical habitats.

以保護重要棲息地。

Like National Geographic Pristine Seas.

就像《國家地理》的「原始海洋」 （Pristine Seas）團隊一樣。

They're using our data to help work with governments and communities

他們正在使用我們的數據 與政府和社區合作，

to protect critical habitats in seven marine parks

保護七個海洋公園的重要棲息地，

with a combined area of more than twice that of California.

總面積超過加州兩倍大。

And we're going to give researchers the data they need

我們將提供 研究人員所需的數據，

to advance ocean science.

推動海洋科學的進展。

And we’re going to give the media, campaigners

我們將向媒體、活動家和公眾

and the public powerful knowledge about human activity out at sea.

提供有關海上人類活動的豐富資料。

And this comes just in time

這來的正是時候，

because after two decades of talking,

因為經過兩十年的討論，

we finally have a treaty to manage the conservation of ocean life

我們終於有了一個條約 來管理海洋生態保護

and the establishment of marine protected areas out on our ocean.

和建立海洋保護區。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And this is going to be critical because

這是非常關鍵的，

almost 200 countries have committed to protecting 30 percent of the ocean

因為將近 200 個國家已經承諾

到 2030 年前保護 30% 的海洋。

by 2030.

And they will need tools like this to uphold that promise.

而他們將需要像這樣的工具 來履行這個承諾。

We can develop the tools that governments need

我們可以開發出 政府需要的工具，

to uphold their commitments.

以履行他們的承諾。

We can inspire a new wave of ocean management

透過公開的數據和開放技術，

through public data

我們可以激發一股

and open technology.

新的海洋管理浪潮。

Now, I might have salt in my veins,

現在，我可能對海洋瞭如指掌，

but you don't need to have sailed the seven seas

但你並不需要曾航行七大洋

to care about the future of the ocean.

才能關心海洋的未來。

All life on Earth depends on it.

地球上的所有生命都依賴它。

It's providing the oxygen we breathe,

海洋為我們提供 呼吸所需的氧氣，

it’s regulating our climate,

調節著我們的氣候，

and it's providing the food that billions of people rely on.

並為數十億人 提供所依賴的食物。

But ocean resources are not inexhaustible, we’ve got to protect them.

然而，海洋資源並非取之不盡， 我們必須加以保護。

We have the chance to do that today like never before.

我們今天有前所未有的機會 來實現這一目標。

We can give a free, open-access monitoring system for the entire ocean.

我們可以提供一個免費、開放、 涵蓋整個海洋的監測系統。

Together we can reign in this outlaw ocean.

我們可以一起制衡這個 曾是法外之地的海洋，

We can end pirate fishing.

終結海上盜漁行為。

And we can transform ocean management for the common good of all.

我們可以為了眾人的利益， 轉變海洋管理方式。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）