How to resolve racially stressful situations | Howard C. Stevenson

62,693 views ・ 2018-03-14

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: 品妤 劉
00:12
There's an African proverb that goes,
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有句非洲諺語說:
00:14
"The lion's story will never be known
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「只要說故事的人是獵人,
00:17
as long as the hunter is the one to tell it."
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獅子的故事就永遠不會被知道。」
00:21
More than a racial conversation, we need a racial literacy
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比起種族談話, 我們更需要種族知識,
00:25
to decode the politics of racial threat in America.
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才能理解美國種族威脅的政治。
00:30
Key to this literacy is a forgotten truth,
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種族知識的關鍵是 一個被遺忘的事實:
00:33
that the more we understand
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我們越是了解
00:36
that our cultural differences represent the power
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我們的文化差異代表著一種力量,
00:40
to heal the centuries
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它能治癒數個世紀以來的種族歧視、
00:42
of racial discrimination,
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00:43
dehumanization and illness.
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去人性化,以及病症。
00:46
Both of my parents were African-American.
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我的雙親都是非裔美國人。
00:49
My father was born in Southern Delaware,
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我父親出生於南達拉威,
00:51
my mother, North Philadelphia,
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我母親出生於北費城,
00:53
and these two places are as different from each other as east is from west,
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這兩個地方的差異 可說是南轅北轍,
就如同紐約市 與阿拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利。
00:57
as New York City is from Montgomery, Alabama.
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01:01
My father's way of dealing with racial conflict
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我父親處理種族矛盾的方式
01:03
was to have my brother Bryan, my sister Christy and I in church
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就是讓我弟弟布萊恩、 我妹妹克莉斯蒂,和我
01:07
what seemed like 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
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一週七天,一天二十四 小時都待在教堂裡。
01:10
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:12
If anybody bothered us because of the color of our skin,
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如果有任何人因為 我們的膚色而騷擾我們,
01:16
he believed that you should pray for them,
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他認為你應該要為他們禱告,
01:18
knowing that God would get them back in the end.
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因為你知道上帝最終會給他們報應。
01:21
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:23
You could say that his racial-coping approach was spiritual --
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你可以說他處理種族 問題的方式很靈性--
01:26
for later on, one day,
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要等到後來,等到有一天,
01:28
like Martin Luther King.
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就像金恩博士。
01:30
My mother's coping approach was a little different.
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我母親的處理方式有點不同。
01:33
She was, uh, you could say, more relational --
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她…呃,可以說是比較關係式的--
01:35
right now, like, in your face,
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現在就做,當著你的面,
01:38
right now.
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現在就做。
01:39
More like Malcolm X.
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比較像麥爾坎X。
01:41
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:42
She was raised from neighborhoods
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她成長的街坊
01:44
in which there was racial violence and segregation,
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有著種族暴力與種族隔離,
01:46
where she was chased out of neighborhoods,
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她會被趕出別人的街坊,
01:48
and she exacted violence to chase others out of hers.
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而她會採用暴力 把他人趕出她的街坊。
01:51
When she came to Southern Delaware,
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當她來到南達拉威時,
01:53
she thought she had come to a foreign country.
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她以為她到了國外。
01:56
She didn't understand anybody,
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她無法理解任何人,
01:58
particularly the few black and brown folks
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尤其是少數幾個黑人和棕皮膚的人,
02:00
who were physically deferential and verbally deferential
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在身體上和言語上都會對白人
02:04
in the presence of whites.
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特別恭敬。
02:06
Not my mother.
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我母親不會。
02:07
When she wanted to go somewhere, she walked.
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當她想去某個地方,她就去。
02:09
She didn't care what you thought.
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她不在乎你怎麼想。
02:11
And she pissed a lot of people off with her cultural style.
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而她的文化風格也惹惱了很多人。
02:15
Before we get into the supermarket,
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在我們進入超市之前,
02:17
she would give us the talk:
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她會這樣對我們說:
02:20
"Don't ask for nothin',
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「不要要求任何東西,
02:22
don't touch nothin'.
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不要碰任何東西。
02:24
Do you understand what I'm saying to you?
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你們知道我在說什麼嗎?
02:28
I don't care if all the other children are climbing the walls.
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我不管其他小孩是不是在爬牆。
02:31
They're not my children.
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他們不是我的孩子。
02:32
Do you understand what I'm saying to you?"
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你們了解我在說什麼嗎?」
02:36
In three-part harmony:
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我們三人會一致回答:
02:37
"Yes, Mom."
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「了解,母親。」
02:40
Before we'd get into the supermarket,
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在我們進入超市之前,
02:43
that talk was all we needed.
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我們需要的就只有這段談話。
02:45
Now, how many of you ever got that talk?
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在座有多少人接受過這種談話?
02:48
How many of you ever give that talk?
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有多少人曾經給過這種談話?
02:50
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:51
How many of you ever give that talk today?
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有多少人今天給過這種談話?
02:55
My mother didn't give us the talk because she was worried about money
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我母親這樣對我們說, 並不是因為擔心錢、
02:59
or reputation
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名譽,或
03:00
or us misbehaving.
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我們有不當行為。
03:01
We never misbehaved.
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我們從來沒有不當行為。
03:03
We were too scared.
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我們太害怕了。
我們一天二十四小時,
03:05
We were in church 24 hours a day,
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03:06
seven days a week.
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一週七天都在教堂裡。
03:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:09
She gave us that talk to remind us
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她對我們說那番話,是要提醒我們
03:11
that some people in the world would interpret us as misbehaving
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世界上有些人會認為我們行為不當,
03:15
just by being black.
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只因為我們是黑人。
03:18
Not every parent has to worry about their children being misjudged
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不是所有家長都要擔心 他們的小孩因為膚色,
03:22
because of the color of their skin,
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連只是呼吸都會被錯誤評斷。
03:24
just by breathing.
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03:26
So we get into the supermarket,
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所以,我們進入了超市,
03:28
and people look at us --
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大家看著我們--
03:29
stare at us as if we just stole something.
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好像我們偷了東西似的盯著我們。
03:33
Every now and then, a salesperson would do something or say something
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偶爾,店員會做些什麼或說些什麼,
03:37
because they were pissed with our cultural style,
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因為他們被我們的文化風格給惹惱,
03:39
and it would usually happen at the conveyor belt.
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通常會發生在傳輸帶結帳台時。
03:42
And the worst thing they could do was to throw our food into the bag.
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他們能做出最糟的事
就是把我們的食物丟到袋子裡。
03:46
And when that happened, it was on.
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發生這種事時,好戲就上場了。
03:48
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:49
My mother began to tell them who they were,
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我母親會開始告訴他們他們是誰、
03:52
who their family was,
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他們的家人是誰、
03:53
where to go,
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要去哪裡、
03:55
how fast to get there.
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多快能到達那裡。
03:56
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:57
If you haven't been cursed out by my mother, you haven't lived.
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如果你沒被我母親罵過, 你就不算真正活過。
04:01
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:02
The person would be on the floor,
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那個人就會趴在地上,
04:04
writhing in utter decay and decomposition,
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因為完全腐爛分解而扭曲,
04:07
whimpering in a pool of racial shame.
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在種族恥辱的池子中啜泣。
04:09
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:11
Now, both my parents were Christians.
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我的雙親都是基督徒。
04:14
The difference is my father prayed before a racial conflict
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差別在於,我父親會在 種族衝突發生之前禱告,
04:17
and my mother prayed after.
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我母親是在之後才禱告。
04:18
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:20
There is a time, if you use both of their strategies,
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有時候,若你用他們兩人的策略,
04:23
if you use them in the right time and the right way.
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如果你在對的時間點 以對的方式用出來。
04:27
But it's never a time --
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但從來沒有時間--
04:28
there's a time for conciliation,
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有調解的時間,
04:31
there's a time for confrontation,
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有對立的時間,
04:33
but it's never a time to freeze up like a deer in the headlights,
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但從來沒有像鹿在 車燈前呆住不動的時間,
04:37
and it's never a time to lash out in heedless, thoughtless anger.
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從來沒有出於不留心、不經 大腦的憤怒而猛烈攻擊的時間。
04:43
The lesson in this is
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從中我們能學到的是,
04:45
that when it comes to race relations,
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談到種族關係時,
04:46
sometimes, we've got to know how to pray,
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有時,我們得要知道如何禱告,
04:49
think through, process, prepare.
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想清楚、處理、準備。
04:51
And other times, we've got to know how to push,
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其他時候,我們得要如何推進,
04:53
how to do something.
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如何做點什麼。
04:55
And I'm afraid that neither of these two skills --
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我擔心的是,這兩種技巧--
04:58
preparing,
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準備,
05:00
pushing --
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推進--
05:01
are prevalent in our society today.
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在現今社會中都不普遍。
05:06
If you look at the neuroscience research
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如果你去看神經科學研究,
05:11
which says that when we are racially threatened,
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研究指出,當我們受到 種族方面的威脅時,
05:14
our brains go on lockdown,
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我們的大腦就會封鎖起來,
05:16
and we dehumanize black and brown people.
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不會將黑人及棕色人種當人看待。
05:19
Our brains imagine that children and adults are older than they really are,
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我們的大腦會想像,孩童和成人 比他們的實際年齡更老,
05:25
larger than they really are
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體型比實際更大,
05:27
and closer than they really are.
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也比實際更接近。
05:29
When we're at our worst, we convince ourselves
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我們最糟的時候,會說服自己,
05:32
that they don't deserve affection or protection.
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他們不應該得到愛或是保護。
05:35
At the Racial Empowerment Collaborative,
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在「種族賦權合作社」,
05:37
we know that some of the scariest moments are racial encounters,
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我們知道,一些最駭人的時刻,
就是種族衝突,
05:43
some of the scariest moments that people will ever face.
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人會面臨到的一些最駭人的時刻。
05:47
If you look at the police encounters that have led to some wrongful deaths
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有些警察衝突造成誤殺,受害者通常
05:51
of mostly Native Americans and African-Americans in this country,
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是這個國家中的 原住民和非裔美國人,
05:55
they've lasted about two minutes.
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這類衝突都不到兩分鐘。
05:58
Within 60 seconds,
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在六十秒內,
06:00
our brains go on lockdown.
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我們的大腦會封鎖起來。
06:02
And when we're unprepared,
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當我們沒有準備時,
06:04
we overreact.
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就會過度反應。
06:05
At best, we shut down.
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最好的狀況是沒反應。
06:07
At worst, we shoot first and ask no questions.
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最糟的狀況是不問問題就先開槍。
06:11
Imagine if we could reduce the intensity of threat
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想像一下,若能減少那六十秒之內的
06:15
within those 60 seconds
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威脅強度,
06:17
and keep our brains from going on lockdown.
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避免我們的大腦被封鎖住。
06:20
Imagine how many children would get to come home from school
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想像一下,有多少孩子 就能夠從學校回家,
06:23
or 7-Eleven
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或從 7-11 回家,
06:25
without getting expelled or shot.
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而不會被驅逐或射殺。
06:28
Imagine how many mothers and fathers wouldn't have to cry.
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想像一下,有多少 父母親就不用哭泣。
06:33
Racial socialization can help young people negotiate 60-second encounters,
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種族社會化能夠協助年輕人 順利通過那六十秒的衝突遭遇,
06:39
but it's going to take more than a chat.
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但不可能只是透過聊聊天就能辦到。
06:41
It requires a racial literacy.
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需要的是種族知識。
06:44
Now, how do parents have these conversations,
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父母親要如何進行這類談話?
06:46
and what is a racial literacy?
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種族知識又是什麼?
06:48
Thank you for asking.
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感謝發問。
06:49
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:51
A racial literacy involves the ability to read,
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種族知識涉及了 覺察能力、改換角色,
06:55
recast and resolve a racially stressful encounter.
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及解決在種族方面很有壓力的衝突。
06:59
Reading involves recognizing when a racial moment happens
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覺察包括要能夠辨識出 種族時刻正在發生,
07:02
and noticing our stress reactions to it.
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並注意到我們對它的壓力反應。
07:05
Recasting involves
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改換角色包括
07:08
taking mindfulness and reducing my tsunami interpretation of this moment
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要能留心保持正念,減少 對於這個時刻的海嘯詮釋,
07:13
and reducing it to a mountain-climbing experience,
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把它減輕為爬山經驗,
07:17
one that is --
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也就是
07:18
from impossible situation to one that is much more doable
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從不可能之情境的經驗 變成可愛許多
07:22
and challenging.
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且有挑戰性的經驗。
07:25
Resolving a racially stressful encounter involves
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至於解決在種族方面 很有壓力的衝突,
07:28
being able to make a healthy decision
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需要能夠做出健康的決策,
07:30
that is not an underreaction, where I pretend, "That didn't bother me,"
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並不是要反應不足, 假裝「這不會困擾我」,
07:34
or an overreaction, where I exaggerate the moment.
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也不是過度反應,把這個時刻誇大。
07:38
Now, we can teach parents and children how to read, recast and resolve
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我們能夠教導父母和孩子如何 覺察、改換角色、解決衝突,
07:43
using a mindfulness strategy we call: "Calculate, locate, communicate,
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用的是一種正念策略,我們 稱之為:「估算、定位、溝通、
07:48
breathe and exhale."
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呼吸,和吐氣。」
07:50
Stay with me.
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跟上我。
07:51
"Calculate" asks,
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「估算」是要問:
07:53
"What feeling am I having right now,
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「我現在有什麼樣的感覺?
07:54
and how intense is it on a scale of one to 10?"
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從一分到十分,這感覺有多強?」
07:59
"Locate" asks, "Where in my body do I feel it?"
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「定位」是要問:「我在 身體中的哪裡有這種感覺?」
08:03
And be specific,
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明確地辨識位置,
08:05
like the Native American girl at a Chicago fifth-grade school said to me,
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就像一位芝加哥的五年級 原住民女孩對我說:
08:10
"I feel angry at a nine because I'm the only Native American.
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「我感受到九分的憤怒, 因為我是唯一的美國原住民。
08:15
And I can feel it in my stomach,
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而這感覺是在我的胃裡,
08:17
like a bunch of butterflies are fighting with each other,
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就像是一群蝴蝶在對抗彼此,
08:20
so much so that they fly up into my throat and choke me."
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激烈到牠們甚至飛到我的 喉嚨,讓我被哽住。」
08:24
The more detailed you can be,
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你能描述越多細節,
08:26
the easier it is to reduce that spot.
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在當下就越容易將它減緩。
08:28
"Communicate" asks,
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「溝通」是要問:
08:29
"What self-talk and what images are coming in my mind?"
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「我腦中出現了什麼樣的 自我對話和影像?」
08:33
And if you really want help, try breathing in
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若你真的希望有所幫助,試著吸氣,
08:36
and exhaling slowly.
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再慢慢吐氣。
08:38
With the help of my many colleagues at the Racial Empowerment Collaborative,
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許多「種族賦權合作社」的 同事協助我,
08:42
we use in-the-moment stress-reduction
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讓我們能夠在數項研究及治療計畫中
08:44
in several research and therapy projects.
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使用「當下壓力緩和」。
08:47
One project is where we use basketball to help youth manage their emotions
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在一個計畫中,我們 用籃球來協助年輕人,
在球場上的六十秒爆發 時刻,管理他們的情緒。
08:52
during 60-second eruptions on the court.
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08:56
Another project, with the help of my colleagues Loretta and John Jemmott,
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在另一個計畫中,有我同事 蘿瑞塔和約翰賈摩特的協助,
09:01
we leverage the cultural style of African-American barbershops,
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我們發揮了非裔美國人 理髮廳文化風格的功效,
09:06
where we train black barbers to be health educators in two areas:
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在理髮廳,我們訓練黑人理髮師 成為兩個領域的健康教育者:
09:10
one, to safely reduce the sexual risk in their partner relationships;
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第一,安全地減低 伴侶關係中的性風險;
09:14
and the other,
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第二,
09:15
to stop retaliation violence.
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阻止關係中的暴力。
09:18
The cool part is the barbers use their cultural style
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很酷的一點是,理髮師 會用他們的文化風格,
09:21
to deliver this health education to 18- to 24-year-old men
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一邊幫 18~24 歲的男性理髮,
一邊把這些健康教育傳授給他們。
09:25
while they're cutting their hair.
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09:27
Another project is where we teach teachers
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還有另一個計畫,我們教導老師
09:31
how to read, recast and resolve stressful moments in the classroom.
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如何覺察、改換角色, 及解決教室中的壓力時刻。
09:36
And a final project, in which we teach parents and their children separately
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最後一個計畫,我們分開 教導家長和他們的孩子,
09:41
to understand their racial traumas
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讓他們了解他們的種族創傷,
09:44
before we bring them together to problem-solve daily microaggressions.
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然後才把他們集合在一起, 來解決每天日常的微侵略問題。
09:49
Now, racially literate conversations with our children can be healing,
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和我們的孩子進行關於種族 知識的對談,是有治癒效果的,
09:53
but it takes practice.
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但需要練習。
09:54
And I know some of you are saying, "Practice?
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我知道有些人在說:「練習?
09:57
Practice?
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練習?
09:58
We're talking about practice?"
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我們要談練習?」
10:00
Yes, we are talking about practice.
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是的,我們要談練習。
10:03
I have two sons.
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我有兩個兒子。
10:05
My oldest, Bryan, is 26,
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大兒子布萊恩 26 歲,
10:07
and my youngest, Julian, is 12.
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小兒子朱利安 12 歲。
10:10
And we do not have time to talk about how that happened.
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我們沒時間談這是怎麼發生的。
10:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:14
But,
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但,
10:16
when I think of them,
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當我想到他們時,
10:17
they are still babies to me,
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仍把他們視為寶寶,
10:19
and I worry every day that the world will misjudge them.
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我每天都會擔心這個世界 會錯誤評斷他們。
10:23
In August of 2013,
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2013 年 8 月,
10:26
Julian, who was eight at the time, and I were folding laundry,
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朱利安那時 8 歲, 我正在摺洗好的衣服,
10:29
which in and of itself is such a rare occurrence,
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這本身就是件很罕見的事。
10:32
I should have known something strange was going to happen.
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我當時應該要知道 有奇怪的事情即將發生的。
10:35
On the TV were Trayvon Martin's parents,
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電視上播的是特雷文馬丁的父母,
10:37
and they were crying
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他們在哭泣,
10:40
because of the acquittal of George Zimmerman.
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因為喬治齊默曼被宣告無罪。
10:42
And Julian was glued to the TV.
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朱利安緊盯著電視。
10:46
He had a thousand questions, and I was not prepared.
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他有一大堆問題,而我沒有準備。
10:49
He wanted to know why:
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他想要知道為什麼:
10:50
Why would a grown man stalk and hunt down and kill
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為什麼會有成人要跟蹤、追捕、殺害
10:55
an unarmed 17-year-old boy?
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一個沒有武裝的 17 歲男孩?
10:58
And I did not know what to say.
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我不知道該說什麼。
11:00
The best thing that could come out of my mouth was,
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我這張嘴能說出最好的話就是:
11:02
"Julian, sometimes in this world, there are people
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「朱利安,有時候, 在這個世界上,有些人
11:05
who look down on black and brown people
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會看不起黑人和棕色人種,
11:08
and do not treat them -- and children, too --
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且不會把他們--也包括孩子--
11:11
do not treat them as human."
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不會把他們當人看待。」
11:13
He interpreted the whole situation as sad.
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他把這整個情況詮釋為感傷。
11:16
(Voice-over) Julian Stevenson: That's sad.
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(畫外音)朱利安史帝文森: 那好感傷。
「我們不在乎。你非我族類。」
11:19
"We don't care. You're not our kind."
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11:20
HS: Yes.
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霍華:是的。
11:22
JS: It's like, "We're better than you."
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朱利安:就像是:「我們比你好。」
11:25
HS: Yes.
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霍華:是的。
11:26
JS: "And there's nothing you can do about that.
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朱利安:「而你卻對此無能為力。
11:29
And if you scare me, or something like that,
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且如果你嚇到我之類的,
11:32
I will shoot you because I'm scared of you."
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我就會射殺你,因為我怕你。」
11:35
HS: Exactly.
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霍華:正是如此。
11:36
But if somebody's stalking you --
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但,如果有人在跟蹤你--
11:38
JS: It's not the same for everyone else.
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朱利安:對其他人就不是這樣的。
11:40
HS: It's not always the same, no. You've got to be careful.
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霍華:不見得是這樣的。 有色人種才會遇到。
11:43
JS: Yeah, because people can disrespect you.
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朱利安:是啊, 因為別人可以輕視你。
11:45
HS: Exactly.
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霍華:正是如此。
11:46
JS: And think that you're,
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朱利安:且認為你是…
11:50
"You don't look -- you don't look like you're ..."
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「你看起來不-- 你看起來不像是你…」
11:55
It's like they're saying that "You don't look right,
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就像他們在說:「你看起來不對,
12:00
so I guess I have the right to disrespect you."
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所以我想,我有權可以輕視你。」
12:02
HS: Yeah, and that's what we call,
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霍華:是的,那就是我們
12:04
we call that racism.
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說的種族歧視。
12:06
And we call that racism, Julian,
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我們稱之為種族歧視,朱利安,
12:08
and yes, some people -- other people -- can wear a hoodie,
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是的,有些人-- 其他人--可以穿著帽T
12:12
and nothing happens to them.
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而不會遇到什麼事。
12:13
But you and Trayvon might,
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但你和特雷文卻有可能出事,
12:16
and that's why Daddy wants you to be safe.
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那就是為什麼爹地希望你們能安全。
12:20
(Voice-over) HS: And that's why --
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(畫外音)霍華:那就是為什麼--
12:22
JS: So you mean like, when you said "other people,"
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朱利安:所以你的意思是, 當你說「其他人」,
12:24
you mean, like if Trayvon was a white,
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你的意思是,如果特雷文是白人,
12:28
um, that he wouldn't be disrespected like that?
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他就不會被那樣子輕視了?
12:32
HS: Yes, Julian, Daddy meant white people
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霍華:是的,朱利安,
當爹地說「其他人」 指的是白人沒錯。
12:34
when I said, "other people," all right?
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12:36
So there was a way in which I was so awkward in the beginning,
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我一開始的時候顯得十分尷尬,
12:39
but once I started getting my rhythm and my groove,
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但一旦我找到了 我的節奏和我的律動,
12:41
I started talking about stereotypes and issues of discrimination,
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我就開始談及刻板印象 以及歧視的議題,
12:46
and just when I was getting my groove on,
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正當我快切中核心時,
12:49
Julian interrupted me.
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朱利安打斷了我。
12:51
(Voice-over) HS: ... dangerous, or you're a criminal because you're black,
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(畫外音)霍華:認為你危險 或是罪犯,只因為你是黑人,
而你是個孩子或男孩--
12:55
and you're a child or a boy --
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12:56
That is wrong, it doesn't matter who does it.
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那是錯的,不論是誰做的。
12:58
JS: Dad, I need to stop you there.
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朱利安:爸,請你暫停一下。
13:00
HS: What?
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霍華:怎麼了?
13:01
JS: Remember when we were ...
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朱利安:記得當我們…
13:03
HS: So he interrupts me to tell me a story
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霍華:他打斷我,告訴我一個故事,
13:05
about when he was racially threatened at a swimming pool with a friend
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他和一個朋友在游泳池時 受到種族相關的威脅,
13:09
by two grown white men,
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威脅他的是兩個成年白人,
13:11
which his mother confirmed.
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他母親確認了這件事。
13:12
And I felt happy that he was able to talk about it;
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我很高興他能夠談這件事;
13:15
it felt like he was getting it.
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感覺好像他開始懂了。
13:17
We moved from the sadness of Trayvon's parents
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我們結束了關於 特雷文父母的傷心話題,
13:19
and started talking about George Zimmerman's parents,
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開始談到喬治齊默曼的父母,
13:22
which, I read in a magazine,
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我在一本雜誌中讀到,
13:24
condoned the stalking of Trayvon.
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他們縱容盯梢特雷文的行為。
13:26
And Julian's reaction to me was priceless.
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朱利安給我的反應是無價的。
13:29
It made me feel like he was getting it.
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讓我覺得他開始懂了。
(畫外音)朱利安: 關於他,他們怎麼說?
13:32
(Voice-over) JS: What did they say about him?
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13:34
HS: Well, I think they basically felt that he was justified
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霍華:我想,基本上 他們覺得他有正當理由
13:37
to follow and stalk --
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去跟蹤--
13:39
JS: What the -- ?
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朱利安:搞什麼…?
13:41
HS: Yeah, I think that's wrong.
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霍華:是啊,我也覺得那是錯的。
13:43
JS: That's -- one minute.
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朱利安:那是--等一下。
13:44
So they're saying he has the right to follow a black kid,
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所以他們說,他有權 可以跟蹤一個黑人小孩,
13:48
get in a fight with him and shoot him?
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和他打架,然後射殺他?
13:51
HS: As Julian was getting it,
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霍華:當朱利安開始懂了,
13:53
I started to lose it.
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我卻開始迷失了。
13:55
Because in my mind's eye, I was thinking:
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因為我心中正在想:
13:57
What if my Julian or Bryan was Trayvon?
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如果我的朱利安 或布萊恩是特雷文呢?
14:01
I calculated my anger at a 10.
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我估算我的憤怒會是十分。
14:03
I found, located, my right leg was shaking uncontrollably
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我發現,定位到我的右腿, 無法控制地抖動,
14:07
like I was running.
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好像我在跑步一樣。
14:09
And in my mind's eye, I could see somebody chasing Julian,
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我在心中看得見有人在追逐朱利安,
14:12
and I was chasing them.
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而我在追逐他們。
14:14
And the only thing that could come out of my mouth
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而我嘴巴能說出來的 唯一一句話就是,
14:16
was if anybody tries to bother my child ...
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如果任何人試圖騷擾我的孩子…
14:21
(Voice-over) HS: If anybody tries to bother my child ...
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(畫外音)霍華:如果 任何人試圖騷擾我的孩子…
14:24
mmm, mmm, mmm.
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嗯,嗯,嗯。
14:26
JS: What will happen?
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朱利安:會發生什麼事?
14:27
HS: Well, they better run.
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霍華:嗯,他們最好快逃。
14:30
JS: Because what? HS: I'm gonna get 'em.
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朱利安:為什麼? 霍華:我會宰了他們。
14:32
JS: See? (Laughs)
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朱利安:真的?(笑聲) 霍華:我會宰了他們。
14:33
HS: I'm gonna get 'em. JS: Really?
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朱利安:真假? 霍華:喔,真的。
14:35
HS: Oh, yeah.
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朱利安:那接著他們可能會 宰了你,因為他們可能有武器。
14:36
JS: Then they're gonna get you because they might have weapons.
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霍華:你知道嗎,我也會 叫警察,這是應該做的。
14:39
HS: Well, you know what, I'm gonna call police, too, like I should.
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但我覺得我想宰了他們。
14:43
But I feel like I wanna get 'em.
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但不能這樣,你是對的, 不能就這樣去追逐別人。
14:44
But you can't; you're right, you can't just go chasing people.
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朱利安:他們可能有武器。
14:47
JS: They can be armed.
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14:48
HS: Yeah, you right. Yeah, you right.
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霍華:是,你是對的,你是對的。
14:50
I feel like I wanna chase 'em.
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我覺得我想要追逐他們。
14:52
JS: Plus they could be an army or something.
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朱利安:此外,他們 可能是支軍隊之類的。
14:54
HS: I know -- I feel like I wanna go get 'em, messing with my son.
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霍華:我知道--我覺得我想 宰了他們,和你開玩笑的,兒子。
14:57
I don't like that.
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我不喜歡那樣。
14:59
JS: Um ...
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朱利安:嗯…
15:00
HS: But you right. You gotta be careful.
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霍華:但你是對的,要很小心。
15:03
And um, you gotta be careful.
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嗯,要很小心。
15:06
You never know what some crazy people will think about you.
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你永遠不會知道一些 瘋子會怎麼看待你。
15:10
Just as long as you believe you're beautiful
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只要你相信你自己是很美好的,
15:12
like Daddy believes you're beautiful and handsome,
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就像爹地相信你是很美好且帥氣的,
15:15
and Mommy believes you're beautiful and handsome and smart.
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媽咪也相信你是很美好、 很帥氣,且很聰明的。
15:20
And you deserve to be on this planet,
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你有權利活在這個星球上,
15:23
just as happy and beautiful and smart as you want to be.
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只要你想要,你可以 快樂、美好、聰明。
15:27
You can do anything you want, baby.
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寶貝,你可以做任何你想做的事。
15:31
HS: Racial socialization is not just what parents teach their children.
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霍華:種族教化 不僅是父母教了孩子什麼。
15:35
It's also how children respond to what their parents teach.
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也包括孩子對於父母 所教的有什麼反應。
15:40
Is my child prepared?
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我的孩子準備好了嗎?
15:43
Can they recognize when a racial elephant shows up in a room?
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他們能認出房裡的種族大象嗎? (註:棘手的問題)
15:47
Can they reduce their tsunami interpretation
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他們能否把他們的海嘯詮釋
15:50
down to a mountain-climbing adventure
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減輕到爬山的冒險?
15:52
that they can engage and not run away?
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這麼一來他們才能處理而非逃走?
15:55
Can they make a healthy and just decision in 60 seconds?
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他們能否在六十秒內 做出健康且公正的決策?
16:00
Can I?
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我能嗎?
16:02
Can you?
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你們能嗎?
16:03
Yes, we can.
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是的,我們能。
16:05
We can build healthier relationships around race
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我們能建造更健康的種族關係,
16:09
if we learn to calculate, locate communicate, breathe and exhale
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如果我們學會估算、定位、 溝通、呼吸,和吐氣,
16:13
in the middle of our most threatening moments,
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來面對當下最具威脅的時刻,
16:17
when we come face-to-face with our lesser selves.
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面對我們自己的小我。
16:22
If you take the centuries of racial rage
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如果能夠去思考數世紀的種族憤怒,
16:25
that boils up in all of our bodies, minds and souls --
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在我們的身、心、靈 當中沸騰的憤怒--
16:29
and anything that affects our bodies, minds and souls affects our health --
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任何會影響我們身、心、靈的東西 都會影響我們的健康--
16:34
we could probably use gun control for our hearts.
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我們可能可以使用心的槍枝管制。
16:38
I just want what all parents want for their children
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天下父母心,我也希望 當我不在孩子身邊時,
16:41
when we're not around:
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他們仍有這兩樣東西:愛和保護。
16:43
affection and protection.
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16:46
When police and teachers see my children,
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當警察和老師看見我的孩子,
16:48
I want them to imagine their own,
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我希望他們能想像自己的孩子,
16:51
because I believe if you see our children as your children,
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因為我相信,如果你們 能把我們的孩子視為己出,
16:55
you won't shoot them.
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你們就不會射殺他們。
16:58
With racial literacy, and yes, practice,
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有了種族知識,是的,也還要練習,
17:00
we can decode the racial trauma from our stories,
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我們就能了解我們自己 故事中的種族創傷,
17:05
and our healing will come in the telling.
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而在說故事時就能產生治癒的效果。
17:07
But we must never forget
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但,我們萬萬不可忘記,
17:11
that our cultural differences are full of affection and protection,
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我們的文化差異充滿了愛和保護,
17:16
and remember always that the lion's story will never be known
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永遠要記得,只要 說故事的人是獵人,
17:19
as long as the hunter is the one to tell it.
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獅子的故事就永遠不會被知道。
17:22
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
17:24
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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