Why Are We So Bad at Reporting Good News? | Angus Hervey | TED

翻译人员: Yip Yan Yeung 校对人员: suya f.

Hello and welcome to this special report

大家好，欢迎来到本次特别报道，

where we take a look at the big events

我们将关注在过去的 12 个月间

that have shaped our world in the last 12 months.

影响全球的大事件。

I'm Angus Hervey, and this is the news.

我是安格斯·赫维（Angus Hervey）， 欢迎收看《新闻》（The News）节目。

We begin our broadcast with a story

开头我们将报道一个故事，

that has dominated headlines this past year,

在过去一年中席卷了各大头条，

Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

即俄罗斯入侵乌克兰。

The war has inflicted a terrible human toll,

俄乌战争造成了巨大的人员伤亡，

plunging millions into an unrelenting conflict,

向无休止的冲突中砸下重金，

dramatically upending international politics

极大扰乱了国际政治形势，

and sparking turmoil in energy markets around the world.

导致了世界各地能源市场的混乱。

Perhaps the only thing scarier than a war like this

也许唯一一件比这样的战争 还可怕的事就是

is the prospect of our planet being ruined by climate change.

地球的未来被气候变化摧毁。

However, on that front, the news has been somewhat better.

但是就此事来看， 这个新闻并没有那么糟糕。

Specifically as a result of this crisis,

尤其是作为此次危机的结果，

the global fight against climate change has accelerated.

全球抗争气候变化的进度加快了。

In response to Putin's attempt to use gas and oil as weapons,

为应对普京试图将油气作为武器，

Europe has doubled down on green energy.

欧洲坚定了绿色能源的使用。

Last year, for the first time ever,

去年，风能和太阳能首次 超过了天然气、核能或煤炭，

wind and solar overtook gas, nuclear or coal

as the continent's largest source of electricity.

成为了欧洲大陆最大的电力来源。

And analysts say that as a result of the war,

分析师表示，作为战争的结果，

Europe's timeline for ditching fossil fuels

欧洲停止使用化石燃料的进度

has accelerated by up to a decade.

加快了近十年。

Staying with the climate,

依旧是气候话题，

in the United States,

美国推行了一项新的法律， 促使数千亿美元的投资

a new law has committed hundreds of billions of dollars of investment

into renewables and electric vehicles,

进入可再生能源和电动汽车，

putting the country on track to getting 80 percent of its electricity

让美国走上了在 2030 年以前 由零碳来源产生

from carbon-free sources by the end of this decade.

80% 电力的道路。

And in the race to build more clean energy,

中国在创造更多清洁能源的比赛中

China is way ahead of both Europe and the United States.

远远领先于欧洲和美国。

The country is now installing enough solar panels every day

中国每天都在安装大量太阳能板，

to cover an area the size of New York's Central Park.

面积相当于纽约中央公园。

At the current rate,

以现在的速度，

China will reach its climate targets years ahead of schedule.

中国会提早多年达成气候目标。

The energy revolution has arrived.

能源革命已经到来。

Global fossil fuel emissions are now predicted to peak

全球的化石燃料排放预计

within less than two years,

会在两年之内达到高峰，

and the International Energy Agency says that wind, water and sunshine

国际能源署表示风能、水力和太阳能

will become the planet's largest sources of electricity by 2025.

会在 2025 年以前 成为地球最主要的电力来源。

To global health.

视线转向国际卫生。

Where many countries are still struggling in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic,

许多国家依旧在 新冠疫情的余波中沉浮，

less widely reported is the news

却有一条不太广为人知的新闻，

that last year, eight countries eliminated at least one neglected tropical disease.

去年，有八个国家消灭了 至少一种不被重视的热带疾病。

Top of that list, Togo,

第一名，多哥，

which became the first country to eliminate four of those diseases,

拔得头筹，消灭了 4 种疾病，

including trachoma, the world's most common infectious cause of blindness.

包括沙眼，世界上最普遍的 传染性致盲病因。

Go, Togo.

加油，多哥。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Today, almost 600 million fewer people

现在比起 2010 年， 需要治疗这些疾病的患者

require treatment for these diseases than in 2010.

少了近 6 亿人。

It's thanks to the work of tens of thousands of uncelebrated heroes

这都归功于成千上万 公共卫生领域里的无名英雄。

of public health.

It means that in just over a decade,

这意味着，只是过了十多年，

a significant portion of humanity has been liberated

有很大一部分人类就再也不会

from a devastating burden of suffering

承受痛苦折磨的重担，

and from death.

不会面临死亡。

There's also hope on the horizon in the fight against malaria.

在对抗疟疾的战场上也燃起了希望。

Last year, a new vaccine designed by the University of Oxford

去年，牛津大学研发了一款新疫苗，

was shown to be safe and incredibly effective.

已经证实安全且非常有效。

Four days ago,

四天前，

Ghana became the first country to license that vaccine for distribution.

加纳成为了第一个批准 该疫苗上市的国家。

Nigeria followed that up eight hours ago.

尼日利亚在八个小时前 跟上了脚步。

Both countries are now going to vaccinate children under the age of three.

这两个国家都将为 3 岁以下儿童接种该疫苗。

This is a world-changing treatment.

这是一个改变世界的治疗手段。

It offers us genuine hope that we may finally be able to eradicate

它为我们带来了真挚的希望， 我们终将根除

one of humanity's biggest killers,

人类最主要的致死疾病之一，

a scourge that has plagued our species for thousands of years.

折磨人类千年的祸害。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Imagine if this was the news.

想象一下这是我们看到的新闻。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

That along with all of the usual death and disaster and division,

在常见的死亡、灾难、分裂的背后，

we also got to hear these, the stories of hope and healing.

我们也会听到这些新闻， 这些充满希望和治愈力的故事。

But not just another dog on a surfboard.

不是狗狗冲浪的事儿。

The thing is, this is the news.

这才是新闻。

These stories, they're happening.

这些故事，正在上演。

It's just that we don't hear as much about them.

只是我们不常听到它们而已。

But when you find them,

但一旦发现了它们，

the world can suddenly feel like a very different place.

你会突然感觉世界 是个完全不一样的地方。

Let's turn now to some environmental news

我们现在来关注一些环境新闻，

where pollution and degradation

污染和环境破坏

continue to push Earth's ecosystems past their breaking point.

持续将地球的生态系统推过极限。

However, in the last year, humanity has begun to respond.

但是去年，人类开始作出反应了。

Four months ago, the countries of the United Nations came together

四个月前， 联合国各成员国聚在一起，

to agree on a global pact to protect 30 percent of the planet by 2030.

就在 2030 年前保护 30% 的地球 达成了一项国际公约。

And just weeks ago, after nearly two decades of negotiations,

仅在数周前， 在将近 20 年的谈判后，

they agreed on the first-ever legal framework for regulation on

通过了首个管理、保护

and protection of life on the high seas.

公海生物的法律框架。

(Applause)

（掌声）

The tides are beginning to turn.

风向要变了。

Here’s conference president Rena Lee

以下播放大会主席 雷娜·李（Rena Lee）

announcing what Greenpeace has called

宣布绿色和平组织所说的

the greatest conservation victory of all time.

有史以来在保护领域 最伟大的胜利。

(Video) Ladies and gentlemen ...

（视频）女士们，先生们……

The ship has reached the shore.

船靠岸了。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼声、掌声）

AH: More good news for the environment.

AH: 环境话题还有更多好消息。

Since the beginning of last year,

自去年年初起，

we've seen the expansion of protected waters around the Galapagos,

我们见证了科隆群岛 周围保护水域的扩大，

the creation of an enormous marine sanctuary west of Australia,

在澳大利亚以西 开辟了一大块海洋保护区，

and a provisional agreement between Canada's government

加拿大政府和第一民族间 达成了临时协定，

and First Nations

to create the Tang.ɢwan–ḥačxwiqak–Tsig̱is Marine Protected Area

建立 Tang.ɢwan–ḥačxwiqak–Tsig̱is 海洋保护区，

that will be Canada’s largest MPA.

将成为加拿大最大的海洋保护区。

That is just off the coast of West Vancouver.

就在西温哥华的海边。

That's less than 150 kilometers from where we all are right now.

据我们现在所处位置 不到 150 公里。

Last year, Argentina created a national park

去年，阿根廷 建立了一个国家公园，

around one of its biggest saltwater lakes and wetlands.

囊括了阿根廷最大的 咸水湖和湿地之一。

Earlier this year, Ecuador created one of the largest reserves in the Amazon,

今年早些时候，厄瓜多尔在亚马逊森林 成立了最大的一块自然保护区，

in one of the most biodiverse places on the planet.

而这里是地球上生物最多样的地方。

And last month,

上个月，

the largest river restoration project in United States history

美国历史上最大的河流修复项目

kicked off on the Klamath River, led by the Yurok people of California.

在克拉马斯河启动，由加州的 尤洛克（Yurok）部落人士牵头。

(Applause)

（掌声）

None of it is enough yet.

这些都还不够。

But these are big victories.

但这些都是重大胜利。

They show us that destruction is not inevitable

它们告诉我们， 破坏不是不可避免的，

and that nature will recover if we can just give it the opportunity.

如果我们愿意给大自然机会， 它是会恢复的。

This report just in now from our political and social affairs editor.

政治和社会事务编导 刚发来报道。

Last year saw some significant setbacks for human rights,

去年，人权问题出现了许多严重阻碍，

most notably in the United States,

在美国尤为显著，

where for many, it feels like intolerance and polarization are on the rise.

很多人感觉偏执和 两极分化越来越普遍。

Globally, however, it's a very different story.

但是从全球来看， 那就是不同的情况了。

Since the beginning of 2022,

自 2022 年初以来，

countries have abolished the death penalty,

有国家废除了死刑，

six countries have ended child marriage,

有六个国家取缔了童婚，

four countries have banned conversion therapy,

有四个国家禁止了性取向扭转治疗，

four countries have legalized homosexuality,

有四个国家将同性恋爱合法化，

and 11 countries have actually strengthened reproductive rights.

11 个国家加强了生育权。

(Applause)

（掌声）

That includes India,

包括印度，

which passed a law guaranteeing access to safe abortion for every single woman.

通过了一项法律为每一位女性 保障安全流产的途径。

(Cheers and applause)

（欢呼声、掌声）

And Spain, which also protected transgender rights

西班牙保护了跨性别者的权利，

and became the first country in Europe to provide paid menstrual leave.

也成为了欧洲第一个 提供带薪生理假的国家。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Oh, and sorry, I forgot to mention,

哦，不好意思，我忘了说了，

Slovenia, Cuba and Mexico all passed legislation on same-sex marriage

斯洛文尼亚、古巴和墨西哥 都通过了同性结婚

and adoption.

同性家庭收养的相关法律。

Three times --

三倍……

three times as many countries now grant those rights

比起十年以前， 已经有了三倍多的国家

to all of their citizens

为每一位国民保障这样的权利。

compared to a decade ago.

(Applause)

（掌声）

The fight for equality continues.

争取平权仍在继续。

But progress is happening even if we don't hear much about it.

即使我们没怎么听说， 也有所进展。

In the last year,

去年，

humanity has moved closer to a world where everyone is free to choose

人类距离每个人都可以自由选择、

and free to love.

自由去爱的世界更近了一些。

On that note, let's cross now to some more economic news.

说到这里， 我们再来看一些经济新闻。

Many will have missed last year's report from the United Nations

很多人没注意到 联合国去年发布的报告：

that India lifted 415 million people out of poverty

印度在 2006 至 2021 年间

between 2006 and 2021.

让 4.15 亿人脱离了贫困。

Despite some of that progress being set back by the pandemic,

虽然进展受到了疫情的一定影响，

that still means that on average, every day for the last 16 years,

但仍代表在过去的 16 年间， 平均每一天

a soccer stadium full of people escaped poverty,

都有满满一足球体育场的人 脱离了经济贫困，

the worst kinds of deprivation.

那是最糟糕的贫困类型。

That is one of the greatest news stories of all time.

这是一直以来最好的新闻故事之一。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Let's cross now to our correspondent in the field, Angus Hervey,

我们来连线外景记者安格斯·赫维，

to get some more of these and some other stories from around the world.

了解更多世界各地的新闻。

Angus, over to you.

时间交给安格斯。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Thank you very much, Angus.

谢谢，安格斯。

Well, I'm here in Brazil

我现在位于巴西，

where the new Ministry of Indigenous people

新成立的土著居民部门

is bringing much needed food, hope, relief and aid

为这个国家的土著群体带来了 急需的食物、希望、救济和援助。

to the country's indigenous communities.

They've already deployed the military

他们已经派出部队

to remove tens of thousands of illegal miners

驱逐成千上万的非法矿工，

and restore justice.

恢复正义。

Zimbabwe. I'm here with the Akashinga,

津巴布韦。我旁边的是 阿卡辛加（Akashinga），

an all-female army of wildlife rangers there.

一支全由女性组成的反偷猎巡逻队。

These women, many of them, are survivors of domestic violence,

这些女性中的很多人 都是家暴的幸存者，

but they have become formidable warriors after years in the field --

但在多年的实战中成为了无畏的战士。

Their military trainers say they're more hardcore

她们的教官称她们比世界上的 很多特种部队更加硬核。

than a lot of the world's special forces.

And they're really changing the face of conservation here

她们真的争得了当地

and the other four countries where they're operating.

和所在的另外四个国家的话语权。

They have hundreds of their members out there now.

该组织现有上百名成员。

They're uplifting their communities,

她们振奋了自己的集体，

bringing down poaching rates dramatically

让偷猎率急剧降低，

and contributing to a huge rebound in wild animal populations.

为野生动物数量的大幅回升 做出了贡献。

(Applause)

（掌声）

And finally in Bangladesh,

最后来看孟加拉国，

where thousands of newly-trained midwives are bringing hope

上千名刚刚培训完毕的助产士

and healing to those who need it the most.

为那些最有需要的人 带去了希望和治愈。

Since 2012, they've helped bring down the child mortality rate here

自 2012 年以来， 他们让当地的儿童死亡率

by almost 50 percent.

降低了将近 50%。

It is a powerful testament to the work of midwives everywhere

这是各地助产士 工作成果的有力证明，

and a reminder of just what can be achieved

彰显了我们可以通过

through education and a commitment to improving the lives of others.

教育和改善他人生活的不懈努力 所能达到的成果。

Angus, back to you now in the studio.

安格斯，交还给棚内。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thanks very much, Angus.

谢谢，安格斯。

That was Angus Hervey there reporting on everything from everywhere all at once.

这就是安格斯·赫维为我们带来 瞬息全宇宙的新闻。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Let's turn now to science and technology

视线转向科技，

and what many say is not just the biggest news story of the year,

很多人认为这不仅仅是 本年度最大的新闻事件，

but perhaps the most important technological breakthrough

还有可能是我们有生之年 最重要的科技突破。

of our lifetimes.

ChatGPT has taken the world by storm --

ChatGPT 席卷了全球……

(Laughter)

（笑声）

becoming the quickest technology uptake in human history.

成为了人类历史上 最快为人所用的科技。

The power of artificial intelligence is incredible,

人工智能的力量是不可小觑的，

but there are also very real reasons to be concerned about its effect

但也确实值得我们担心它

on systems of power and its impact on jobs and society.

对权力制度、就业、社会的影响。

As we wrestle with these dilemmas, though,

虽然我们还在为这些麻烦焦头烂额，

let us not forget that in the last 12 months,

但我们也不该忘记 在过去的 12 个月里，

humanity has repeatedly shown our resilience, inventiveness,

人们不断展现了 我们的韧性、创造力、

our capacity for expanding our knowledge

拓宽知识的能力

and ability ... to rise to meet our greatest challenges.

和挺身而出迎接最大挑战的能力。

Nine months ago,

9 个月前，

we received the first images from the golden honeycombed

我们收到了由詹姆斯·韦布望远镜

18 beryllium mirrors of the James Webb Telescope,

18 面金色蜂窝状排列的铍制镜面 收集来的首批照片，

unlocking new secrets from the furthest reaches of the cosmos.

揭开了宇宙最深处的新秘密。

Seven months ago, we smashed a spacecraft into an asteroid

7 个月前，我们发射了 一架航天器撞向一颗行星，

and altered its orbit,

改变了它的运行轨道，

confirming a newfound ability to create planetary defense systems

验证了这项新发现的能力， 可以建立起小行星防御系统，

against earthbound objects.

抵御飞向地球的物体。

Four months ago,

4 个月前，

we used freaking laser beams

我们用牛 X 的激光

(Laughter)

（笑声）

to recreate the conditions inside of a star,

重建了恒星内部的环境，

achieving more energy out of a nuclear fusion reaction than we put in.

由核聚变产生的能量 超过了我们输入的能量。

It's a milestone in our quest to provide clean, limitless and affordable energy.

这是我们通往提供清洁、 无穷、实惠的能源途中的里程碑。

And then, just days later,

仅仅几天之后，

scientists in London announced that they had used

伦敦的科学家宣布他们利用

a new form of CRISPR called base-editing

一种称为“碱基编辑技术”的 新型 CRISPR，

to hot-wire immune cells and clear the body

激活免疫细胞，清除了一位

of a 13-year-old girl named Alyssa from an incurable form of leukemia.

13 岁女孩艾丽莎（Alyssa） 体内无法被治愈的一种白血病。

(Applause)

（掌声）

It's an incredible medical breakthrough.

这是一个重大的医学突破。

The first use of a revolutionary new type of treatment

首次使用这种革命性的 新型治疗方式，

that may go on to save millions of lives in the future.

可能会在未来拯救上亿生命。

So why is it then that outside medical and scientific circles,

那么为什么在医疗和科技圈以外，

almost nobody has heard that story?

几乎没有人听说过这个故事呢？

Why are we so familiar with all of the stories

为什么我们只对那些

that make us feel scared or sad or angry,

让我们感到害怕、悲伤、 气愤的新闻耳熟能详，

but so many of these stories come to us as a surprise?

而很多这样的故事 都变成了“不速之客”呢？

Why are we so good at reporting bad news

为什么我们如此擅长报道负面新闻，

but so bad at reporting good news?

又如此不擅长报道正面新闻呢？

That question is something that I spend a lot of time thinking about.

我花了很长时间思考这个问题。

I'm the editor of the Future Crunch newsletter.

我是 Future Crunch 订阅新闻的编辑。

We share stories of progress

我们分享进步的新闻，

and what I've learned after eight years of doing this work

在过去 8 年间 从事这份工作的过程中，

is that progress is never a straight line.

我的心得是 进步永远不会是一条直线。

Far too many still suffer in poverty, from disease

还有很多人受到贫困、疾病的折磨，

and are trapped by conflict.

在冲突中沉浮。

The struggle for equality and the fight for justice

全球很多地方依旧在 争取平等和正义。

continues in so many places in the world.

We still have so much work to do, to get done.

我们还有很多 要做的、要做成的。

We know that geopolitical tensions are rising.

我们知道地缘政治紧张愈演愈烈。

Climate change is genuinely scary

气候变化确实很吓人，

and we are still destroying too many parts of our planet.

而我们还在破坏地球的各个部分。

But when we only tell the stories of doom,

但在我们只讲述负面故事的时候，

we fail to see the stories

我们就不会看见带来新可能的故事。

of possibility.

The hundreds of examples of progress in human rights,

地球上每一天都会有成百上千 进步的案例出现在人权、

rising living standards, public health victories,

提升生活水平、公共卫生胜利、

clean energy breakthroughs,

清洁能源突破、

technological magic, ecological restoration

魔幻科技、生态恢复领域，

and the countless extraordinary acts of kindness

还有无数为人称道的善意之举。

that take place on this planet every day.

I believe that if we want to change the story of the human race

我认为如果我们想改变

in the 21st century,

人类在 21 世纪的故事，

we have to start changing the stories that we tell ourselves.

我们必须得开始改变 讲给自己听的故事。

And we have to remember that hope isn't a noun.

我们得记住希望不是一个名词。

It's a verb.

它是一个动词。

It's not something that we have or something that we're given.

它不是我们拥有或被人给予的东西。

It's something that we do.

它是我们要做的事。

Millions of people around the world chose to hope in the last 12 months

世界各地的数亿人 在过去的 12 个月内选择了希望，

and then rolled up their sleeves to get it done.

撸起袖子把它搞定。

Perhaps it's time for the rest of us to do the same.

也许我们其余人也该这么做。

I’m Angus Hervey,

我是安格斯·赫维，

and let's make this the news.

让我们来播报这样的新闻。

(Applause)

（掌声）