Powerful Photos That Honor the Lives of Overlooked Women | Smita Sharma | TED

翻译人员: Ying Du 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

This is Lakhi Ram Lohar.

这位是拉基·拉姆·洛哈尔 (Lakhi Ram Lohar)，

His job was to spray pesticide

他的工作是喷洒杀虫剂，

at a tea garden in West Bengal, India.

在印度西孟加拉邦的一个茶园。

Lakhi was a single father

拉基是一位单身父亲，

to his only daughter, Sugi.

他的女儿名叫苏吉 (Sugi) 。

One day in 2007,

2007 年的一天，

Sugi went missing.

苏吉失踪了。

Lakhiram went to the local police to file a missing persons report,

拉基想到警察局 去填写一份失踪人员报告，

but he was unable to do so because he was illiterate.

但因为不识字他填不了。

He didn't have Sugi's birth certificate or any of her photographs.

他没有苏吉的出生证明或照片，

So, the police didn't believe him,

所以警察不相信他，

and did nothing.

也没做任何事。

He tried, again and again, but no luck.

他一次又一次地尝试， 但他始终没有成功，

It was as if Sugi never existed.

就像苏吉从未存在过一样。

Ten years later,

十年后，

a local nonprofit that fights human trafficking

一个当地的反人口贩卖非营利组织，

took up her case.

接手调查了苏吉的案例。

They approached Sugi's school

他们找到了苏吉的学校，

and requested proof that she had attended.

取得了她的上学证明。

Here is the certificate, issued in 2017,

这是 2017 年签发的证明，

10 years after her disappearance.

此时距离她的失踪已过了十年。

It bothered me

我感到很不安，

that the disappearance of a poor girl doesn't matter to anyone,

一个小女孩的失踪 没有引起任何人的重视，

except her family.

除了她的家人。

I'm a photojournalist,

我是一个摄影记者，

and I report on critical human rights and social issues,

报道重要人权问题和社会事件，

not just in my country, India,

不仅仅在印度，

but across the Global South.

而且在世界各地。

I see stories like this everywhere.

我在很多地方见到过类似的故事。

One of the biggest myths about human trafficking

关于人口贩卖的最大误解之一，

is that it is a developing world problem.

就是它仅仅是发展中国家的问题。

But the reality is that human trafficking

但事实是，人口贩卖，

is a 150-billion-dollar industry, globally.

已在全球形成了 1500 亿美元的产业链。

The International Labour Organization's 2016 report

国际劳工组织 2016 年的报告显示，

reveals that 40.3 million people were trafficked into modern-day slavery,

4030 万人被贩卖、奴役，

out of which 23 million were women and girls.

其中有 2300 万是女性，

It's as if girls and women from poor families

就好像来自贫困家庭的女性。

don't have any value,

没有任何价值，

and their existence or their deaths ...

她们的生与死

don't matter.

并不重要。

Their stories are mostly unseen and unheard.

她们的故事大多不为人知，

But it's important to see these stories and not look away.

但直面这些故事十分重要：

Photographs inspire compassion

照片能激起同情心，

and enhance our understanding of the world.

强化我们对世界的认识，

It is a powerful tool for making connections with people.

这是我们和他人接触的有力途径。

But when we undertake the task of sharing people's lives,

但当我们承担起分享他人生活的任务时，

we have an added responsibility.

我们又有了新的责任：

Are we representing them with dignity and fairness?

我们是否公正且有尊严地代表了他们？

Are we telling the whole story or just a part of it?

我们是否讲了整个故事 或仅仅涉及了故事的一部分？

I'm very conscious about stereotypes and how I represent people.

我对刻板印象以及如何代表他人非常审慎，

Life can be harsh for poor girls from these countries.

生活对那些国家的贫苦女孩是残酷的，

Boys are given preferential treatment,

男孩被偏心照顾，

while girls are expected to do household chores --

而女孩被认为应该做家务琐事。

cook, clean, fetch water,

做饭、洗衣、运水、

and take care of their younger siblings.

照顾弟弟妹妹，

Often, parents tend to marry their daughters early

家长们经常让女儿早早结婚，

so they would become someone else's responsibility.

这样照顾她们就成了其他人的责任。

Basic education is free in many developing countries,

基础教育在许多发展中国家是免费的，

but students still need to buy books and uniforms,

但学生们仍需要买课本和制服。

and when putting even two meals on the table is a struggle,

在一日两餐都不能保证的情况下，

schools can seem like a luxury.

上学是件奢侈的事。

So when I went to Nepal a few years ago,

所以，当我几年前去尼泊尔时，

to document child marriage for Human Rights Watch,

去为人权监察站记录儿童婚姻。

I thought the girls I would meet were forced by their parents to marry.

我本以为我要采访的女孩们 是被她们父母强迫结婚的，

What I saw was a bit different.

但我见到实际情况有所不同。

The girls I met wanted to escape a grim situation

那些女孩只是想要脱离惨淡的处境，

and gain some control of their lives.

对她们的生活有所掌控。

When Tilmaya was 11,

当蒂尔玛雅（Tilmaya）十一岁时，

her father took her out of school

父亲带她离开了学校，

and sent her to Pokhara to work as a domestic maid.

把她送到博卡拉去当一户人家的女佣。

When she was 15, she eloped

当她十五岁时，

and married a 20-year-old man from her village.

她私奔并嫁给了二十岁的同村男性。

This is Sharmila.

这位是莎米拉（Sharmila），

Sharmila's parents tried to separate her from her boyfriend,

她的父母试图分开她和她的男友，

so she ran away with him.

所以她与男友私奔了，

She was 14, he was 18.

当时她十四岁，而他十八岁。

When I took this image of her,

当我为她拍这张照时，

Sharmila was seven months pregnant.

她已有七个月的身孕。

She said she regrets leaving school and marrying early

她说她很后悔早早离开学校结婚，

and that she had no knowledge of reproductive health or family planning.

以至于对生育健康和家庭规划一无所知。

So why would girls leave the safety of their families,

所以为什么女孩们 会离开安全的家庭并辍学，

drop out of school?

For nothing?

这似乎毫无理由？

To gain some control

其实是为了对她们的未来

of their future.

有所掌控。

At least, in this case, they were able to choose their own partner.

在上述例子里， 她们至少能选择自己的另一半，

I try to dig deep and show the nuances of the situations,

我试图深度挖掘 并展示这些情况中的细微差别。

because often, poor women and girls are stripped of their equity and dignity.

因为经常性的， 贫苦女性会被剥夺平等和尊严，

I would not have taken these photographs if the girls didn't want me to.

我不会拍摄那些不想让我拍照的女孩，

And I work very discreetly, keeping a low profile,

并且我工作时十分低调、谨慎，

and go to great lengths to avoid attention.

尽量避免被关注。

I carry minimum gear

我尽可能少携带拍摄设备，

and this dirty-looking tote bag,

总是带着这个看起来很脏的手提包，

which my mother hates.

我妈妈很讨厌它。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

The idea is to blend with the crowd.

我的目的是藏在群众中，

Even if I dress simply,

但就算我穿着很简单，

it's understood I am from the city.

我也很容易被认出是来自城市，

So I tell people I'm a researcher into female hygiene.

所以我就说是 一个女性卫生方面的研究者，

I started carrying sanitary napkins in my purse.

我开始在钱包里放上卫生巾，

Men are so embarrassed,

男人们看到都很尴尬，

they leave me alone.

所以我获得了行动自由。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

The women offer me tea,

女人们给我茶喝，

and I sit and chat with them for hours,

我就坐着和她们聊几小时的天，

until they get bored of me.

直到她们嫌我烦。

That's when my real work begins.

这时我的真正工作就开始了，

The family knows there will be no gossip or any unwelcome scrutiny,

那些家庭知道不会有流言蜚语， 不会受到讨厌的检查，

as I had already been to 10 different houses.

因为我已经走访了十所房屋，

Everyone in the village just assumes I was there to speak about menstruation.

村子里所有人 都认为我只是来谈论经期的。

I'm very careful that my work does not disrupt

我对我的工作非常小心，

the lives of the people I photograph,

它们不会打扰被拍摄人的正常生活，

while I'm there and long after I've left.

在我在时以及我离开后，

I do hours of research before diving into a new territory,

我会在进入下一采访地前 做数小时的研究，

honoring people's culture,

尊重民俗文化、

abiding by local laws.

遵守当地法律、

Asking permission,

获取采访许可、

seeking informed consent and not leading with my camera

获得知情同意书， 并且不把相机四处招摇。

has been the foundation of my work.

是我工作的基础，

And this has helped me overcome many hostile situations.

这帮我克服了许多敌意。

While working on a project called "Not My Shame,"

当我为“不是我的耻辱 （Not My Shame)” 项目工作时，

documenting sexual violence in my country, India,

在印度记录性暴力。

I met a young girl I’ll call Beena.

我遇到了一个年轻女孩, 在这里我称呼她为比娜 (Beena) 。

Beena was abducted and repeatedly raped by a distant relative.

比娜被一个远方亲戚诱拐强奸，

This man was also a very powerful person in the community.

那个男人在当地社区是个有权的人。

While I was sitting with Beena at her house,

当我在比娜家时，

a huge crowd had gathered outside.

屋外聚集了一大群人，

Hearing loud voices, I went out,

听到响声，我走出屋外，

only to be surrounded by a group of hostile men.

被一大群有敌意的男人包围。

The men snatched my camera bag,

那些人夺走了我的摄像包、

tore off my purse,

撕了我的钱包、

and started berating me.

开始辱骂我，

My first thought was to protect Beena and her family, and also myself.

我的第一想法是 保护比娜和她的家人，以及我自己。

I tried to appear calm,

我尽力展示冷静，

although I was scared.

尽管我已十分害怕。

The men said they thought I was there ...

那些男人说，我的到来……

to disrupt their lives

是为了影响了他们的生活，

and spoil the village's reputation.

以及败坏村子的名声。

I told them I was there to learn about their lives and culture.

我告诉他们我是 来了解他们的生活及文化，

By the end of our conversation, an hour later,

一小时后，在对话的尾声，

these same men offered me tea and snacks.

那些男人们主动给我提供了茶和点心。

Despite this incident,

尽管有这个不愉快的插曲，

Beena and her family wanted me to share her story

比娜和她的家人希望我 给整个世界分享她的故事。

with the world.

Beena’s story matters,

比娜的故事很重要，

so does Sugi's,

苏吉的也是，

and hundreds of women's and girls' like them.

像她们一样的成百上千的女性的故事也是。

Their stories would not have been seen or heard

这些故事不会被人所知，

if people like me didn't show them.

如果没有像我一样的人去展示。

We need to start valuing them.

我们需要开始珍视它们，

The first step to any change

改变的第一步就是，

is acknowledgment and awareness.

了解与认知。

Otherwise, this cycle of harm will continue.

否则伤害的循环仍会继续。

These women and girls exist.

这些妇女和女孩们是真实存在的，

And the reason I'm telling you this

我讲这些的原因是，

is because we were lucky enough to be born

我们足够幸运能够出生于

in very comfortable circumstances.

非常舒适的环境，

We won the birth lottery.

我们已经赢得了出生的彩票。

These women have values.

那些女性也有价值，

They exist.

她们真实存在，

The least we can do is honor them

我们至少能做到尊重她们

and not look away.

和正视她们的存在。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。 （掌声）

(Applause)