The Tragedy of Air Pollution -- and an Urgent Demand for Clean Air | Rosamund Adoo-Kissi-Debrah |TED

翻译人员: 新 陈 校对人员: Helen Chang

I’d like to dedicate this talk to my three children:

谨以此演讲献给我的三个孩子：

Phi, Mack

菲·罗伯塔，麦克·罗伯塔

and Ella Roberta.

和艾拉·罗伯塔。

(Inhales)

（吸气）

If I stop breathing for two minutes,

只要暂停呼吸2分钟，

I would die.

我就会死。

It is the simplest thing that all of us do unconsciously

呼吸是最简单不过的一件事，

about 20,000 times a day.

我们每天无意中要做2万次呼吸。

So normal

呼吸是如此稀松平常，

that we forget that breathing is the essence of life.

以至于我们忘记了 它才是生命的本质。

My daughter, Ella Roberta,

我的女儿，艾拉·罗伯塔，

stopped breathing frequently

经常会出现呼吸暂停的情况，

and was resuscitated numerous times by me at home

我在家中，医生在医院里，

and in hospital by her doctors,

抢救过她无数次，

until suddenly, on the 15th of February,

直到2月15日，突然地，

three weeks after her ninth birthday,

在过完9岁生日的3周后，

she took her final breath.

她咽下了最后一口气， 就这样离开了我们。

Ella was a healthy, clever, sporty and funny girl.

艾拉是一个健康聪明、 热爱运动、风趣幽默的女孩。

She had a lot of musical ability.

在音乐方面，她多才多艺。

At the time of her passing,

去世前，

she already played a dozen instruments.

她已经演奏过十几种乐器。

She was exceptionally good at football,

踢足球，

cycling, skating, swimming and dancing.

骑自行车、溜冰、游泳、跳舞， 她样样在行。

Ella was a great writer,

她写作不错，

and she was also pretty good at art.

绘画也极好。

At the time of her passing,

她去世时，

she had a reading age of 15 years.

已有15年书龄。

When she was six,

6岁时，

the simple act of breathing became the biggest challenge of her life.

呼吸这样一件小事 对她来说已经极为困难。

I rushed Ella to hospital 28 times in 28 months

由于突发严重的呼吸系统疾病，

when she suddenly began suffering severe respiratory issues.

28个月里她有28次 被送到医院抢救，

She was diagnosed with life-threatening asthma

艾拉7岁时，

at the age of seven.

被诊断出患有哮喘， 会危及生命。

She was admitted into intensive care five times

她5次被送进重症监护室，

and put in an induced coma to save her life

呼吸暂停最严重时，

when her lungs gave up on her.

接受药物诱导昏迷 才捡回一条命。

It wasn't until after the first coroner's inquest

直到2004年9月，

in September 2014

首次尸检结果出来，

that I learned that her possible trigger of her sudden illness

我才知道她突然病重

was to do with "something in the air."

可能和“空气中的某些物质”有关。

But at that time, we did not know what it was.

但那时我们并不清楚具体是什么。

Ella had one of the worst cases ever of asthma

我从进行尸检的病理学家那里得知，

recorded in the United Kingdom,

艾拉这种情况

according to the pathologist who carried out her postmortem.

在英国哮喘病例中 属于最严重的那一类。

We as a family, we live 25 meters from the South Circular

我们一家住的地方

in southeast London.

距离伦敦东南部的南环路25米。

It is one of the busiest roads in the UK.

那里是英国最繁忙的路段之一。

I later learned that air pollution around our home

后来我才知道我们家 附近的空气污染指数

was persistently far above the levels deemed acceptable by the WHO.

一直以来严重超过 世卫组织的建议标准。

On every walk to school, every bike ride,

艾拉每一次步行上学， 每一次骑自行车，

every time Ella went outside,

每一次户外活动，

her body was absorbing invisible, toxic air

都在无形之中吸入

汽油车和柴油车排放出的有毒气体。

spewed out by petrol and diesel vehicles.

A second inquest into Ella’s death, just in December 2020,

2020年12月， 验尸官菲利普·巴洛

the coroner, Philip Barlow,

进行了第二次尸检，

he concluded that it was the excessive illegal levels of air pollution,

他作出了以下结论： 空气污染水平超标如此严重，

not only inducted her asthma,

不仅诱发了艾拉的哮喘，

but it was the highest ever on the night she died.

甚至在她去世的那一晚达到峰值。

As a result of this,

这样一来，

Ella is the first person in the world

艾拉就成了全球首个

to have air pollution listed as a cause of death

死亡证明的死因一栏中列有

on her death certificate.

空气污染一项的人。

Ella's story is unique, I admit,

我承认，没有人拿着 和艾拉完全一样的人生剧本，

but her experience is shockingly ordinary.

但无数人都正在经历着 她所经历过的。

In too many countries around the world,

在世界上很多国家，

air pollution exceeds

空气污染水平严重超过

what the WHO tells us is acceptable to breathe.

世卫组织建议的人体可接受标准。

Fossil fuels, everyone, they're killing us.

各位，化石燃料正在危及 我们的生命。

Almost one in five premature deaths

近20%的过早死亡

are linked to air pollution

与各种形式的空气污染有关，

from combustion engines, coal power plants,

使用燃烧装置、燃煤发电、

wood burning, ammonia, cooking stoves

燃烧木、氨气，

使用炉灶以及其他化石燃料等等。

and other fossil fuels.

That is 8.7 million people a year dying from heart attacks, cancer, strokes,

每年会有870万人因此 死于心脏病发作、癌症、中风、

dementia, suicide, depression, stillbirths and miscarriages.

痴呆、自杀、抑郁、死产和流产。

And that's just the start.

而这只是冰山一角。

Children are the worst affected due to their lungs still developing.

因为肺部发育尚不完全， 儿童成为了最大的受害者。

Air pollution stunts the development of lungs and brains.

空气污染使得肺和大脑发育迟缓。

Scientists, believe it, are finding soot in mothers placentas,

说出来你们可能不信， 科学家在孕妇的胎盘中发现了烟尘。

meaning unborn babies are directly exposed to the black carbon

这意味着婴儿尚未出生就直接暴露于

机动车行驶和燃料燃烧 产生的黑碳之下。

produced by motor traffic and fuel burning.

Like Ella, 93 percent of children around the world

全球有93%的儿童和艾拉一样

are breathing unsafe air.

呼吸着污染严重的空气。

The real tragedy of this is we know how to solve this public health crisis.

真正可悲的是其实我们明了 应该如何处理这一公共健康危机。

We need to shift from toxic fossil fuels

我们应该停止使用 会排放出有毒气体的化石燃料，

to clean, electrified public and active transport.

转而选择清洁的、电动的公共交通方式 或非机动化的交通方式。

The second inquest into Ella’s death made it abundantly clear:

艾拉的第二次尸检结果充分证明：

Ella would still be here alive today

假如我们家附近的空气污染程度

if air pollution around our home

在世卫组织建议的 人体可接受范围内，

had been within the WHO acceptable limits.

艾拉就不会离开我们。

Air pollution is an invisible global pandemic.

空气污染是一个全球性的大流行病， 看不见摸不着。

It's a silent killer.

杀人于无形。

You know what, unless you clean up the air,

需要明白一点， 气候问题永远无法解决，

you will never resolve climate change.

除非我们解决了空气污染这个问题。

Do you know why?

原因何在？

It's linked to global warming,

空气污染和全球变暖、

acid rain,

酸雨、

effects on wildlife,

野生动物保护、

depletion of the ozone layer.

臭氧层耗竭这些问题息息相关。

But for me, this is personal.

但对我来说它更关乎个人。

Eight years after Ella's death,

艾拉离开8年后，

I still visit respiratory doctors with Ella’s siblings,

我还要带着她的弟弟妹妹们 去看呼吸科医生，

who continue to be impacted by excessive air pollution.

空气污染严重问题 还在影响着他们的生活。

As my children and I share a genetic link,

我和我的孩子有相同的基因，

we are equally susceptible to air pollution.

这意味着我们都容易 受到空气污染的影响。

The WHO recently strengthened its guidelines,

世卫组织最近升级了 有关空气污染的指导方针，

and the evidence shows us there is no such thing as safe levels.

这告诉我们所谓的安全标准 根本就不存在。

Every country in the world

我在此正告世界各国政府：

must enshrine these new WHO guidelines into law now.

应该将更新的指导方针

I'm putting them on notice.

奉为法律。

(Applause)

（鼓掌声）

What do I want?

我的诉求是什么？

I'll tell you what I want.

我来告诉大家。

I want every government to guarantee their children

我想要各国政府保障治下的孩子们

the chance to live full and healthy lives.

能够充分享受生活、平安健康长大。

To be able to fully and safely breathe.

能够自在地呼吸， 不受空气污染的侵害。

Breathing clean air is every child's human right.

呼吸洁净的空气是每个孩子的人权。

Governments have a duty of care to protect their citizens.

保护民众安全是政府的职责。

Remember, 350 million people in the world have asthma,

我想提醒大家的是， 世界上有 3.5 亿哮喘患者，

including me.

我也是其中一员。

(Breathing through inhaler)

（用吸入器呼吸）

The fight to breathe clean air is real.

为呼吸洁净的空气而斗争刻不容缓。

When I say "Breathe life,"

当我说“生命呼吸”，

what do you say?

大家回我什么呢？

You say, "Clean air is our right!"

你们回，“我们有权呼吸到洁净的空气！”

Breathe life!

生命呼吸！

Audience: Clean air is our right!

观众：我们有权呼吸到洁净的空气！

RAKD: Thank you for listening.

感谢各位的聆听。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌、欢呼声）

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