A Photographic Journey through the Taliban's Takeover of Afghanistan | Kiana Hayeri | TED

翻译人员: Yijia Yu 校对人员: Violet Yu

Last year,

就在去年，

I spent several months photographing the fast changes across Afghanistan,

我花了几个月的时间， 用摄影记录下阿富汗的飞速变化，

as we approached the 20th anniversary of the US invasion.

那时正临近 美国侵略阿富汗 20 周年纪念。

At the time,

当初，

I wanted this assignment to be a love letter to a troubled land

我本想把这项任务当成一封情书 献给这片多灾多难的土地，

that I had called home for seven years.

也是我七年来一直称之为“家”的地方。

Little did I know that it will become a goodbye letter to Afghanistan

但我万万没想到， 这将成为我给阿富汗的一封告别信，

as I knew it.

而我曾熟悉的阿富汗将一去不返。

Along with our brave local colleagues,

那时，我同当地一些勇敢的同事一起，

we traveled across Afghanistan

走遍了阿富汗，

to look at how the last 20 years impacted people.

想要看看过去 20 年 对人们造成了什么影响。

I was specifically drawn to hear from the youth

我尤其想要听听年轻人的声音，

who grew up after the American invasion

他们都是在美国侵略阿富汗之后，

in an increasingly open society.

在日益开放的社会环境中成长起来的。

从小长到大，他们用的都是脸书，推特， 看的都是美国电影和电视节目。

They grew up in a world with Facebook, Twitter, American movies and TV shows.

他们的世界充满着全新的自由与机遇。

A world of new freedoms and opportunities.

不过，他们也曾经受战争和恐怖主义的摧残， 饱受贫穷与流离的痛苦。

They also endured war and terrorism, poverty and dislocation,

他们在腐败政府的统治下 只得苟延残喘，

barely surviving under a corrupt government

爆炸性自杀也无时无刻 不在威胁着他们的生命。

and the perpetual threat of suicide bombings.

农村的年轻人大多认为， 自己要么就是牺牲，

While the youth in countryside mostly saw themselves either victimized

要么就是加入冲突的一方，就此参战。

or fighting for both sides of the conflict,

相比之下，城市的年轻人拥有更多选择， 也怀有更多梦想。

the youth in urban areas had more options and dreams.

我们此行遇到的许多青年，不论男女，

Many of the young men and women that we met with

都只抱着最后一丝希望，

were hanging on to the last rays of hope

眼看着整个国家一点点被黑暗吞噬，

as the country was sinking into darkness

因为美国撤军以后， 塔利班立刻便会接管阿富汗政权。

because of the American withdrawal and Taliban’s imminent takeover.

对我而言，直面这一事实仅仅是个开始， 而之后我将见证一个时代的终结。

For me, confronting this was the beginning of the end.

现在，我想带大家重温这一段旅程，

I want to take you on a journey

看一看塔利班军事接管前的几个月 这个国家是什么样子，

in the months leading to Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan,

我会用一组照片 展现社会巨变期间人们的样子。

and give you snapshots of people as they lived through this transition.

去年四月，我坐在监狱冰冷的水泥地上，

Last April, I sat down on the cold cement floor of a prison

和两个十几岁的男孩儿坐在一起，

with two teenage boys

他们是因政治原因入的狱，

who were incarcerated for political charges,

再直白一点，因为他们协助过塔利班。

a loose term for helping the Taliban.

这是 14 岁的穆罕默德·阿西夫，

14-year-old Mohammad Asif

他的两个哥哥都入伍了， 却是站在彼此的对立面，

had two brothers fighting on two sides of the conflict,

一个加入了塔利班， 另一个加入了政府军。

one for the Taliban and one for the army.

他最终选择了前者的道路， 尽管他的哥哥 16 岁加入塔利班，

He chose to follow the path of the brother who was 16 when he joined the Taliban,

却在不到 20 岁时就战死了。

and he was killed before he turned 20.

我让监狱里这两个男孩儿 想象自己十年后的生活，

I asked both boys to imagine themselves in ten years.

穆罕默德·阿西夫什么也没说， 只是耸耸肩。

Mohammad Asif said nothing and shrugged.

我鼓励他再努力想想，

I challenged him to try harder

不要把未来局限在眼前灰暗的牢房里。

and see himself beyond the soulless cells of the prison.

试了好几次，

It took several tries.

他最终回答道：

He eventually responded,

“我也不知道，可能自己那时候就死了吧。”

"I don't know, I'll probably be dead."

我和我的同事在此行中还去了卡塞峰，

On the same trip, we visited Karsai Peak,

那在当时是战争前线，

which at the time was serving as the frontline

阿富汗政府军和塔利班军队 就在那里交锋。

for Afghanistan's national army fighting the Taliban.

那条山脉上尽是前哨，

The mountain range was peppered by dozens of outposts,

驻扎着无数士兵，还有一个民兵部队。

housing soldiers and a militia unit.

这些战士中，大多数也就二十岁出头，

Most fighters were in their early twenties.

有一些还是十几岁的孩子。

Some of them were teenagers.

差不多所有人都有 好几个月没回过家了。

Almost all of them hadn't been home in months.

当时，那支部队几乎每晚都要遭到伏击，

At the time, the unit was ambushed almost every night.

所以这些年轻人整夜作战不休，

The young men would stay up all night fighting

到了白天才轮流小睡一会儿。

and take turns to nap during the day.

7 月 2 日，也就是塔利班完全夺取阿富汗政权的 一个半月之前，

On July 2, a month and a half before the Taliban took over Afghanistan,

卡塞峰被占领了。

they overran Karsai Peak.

仅仅这一个兵团，就有 19 人被杀，

From the militia unit alone 19 men were killed.

另外 25 人则作了人质。

Another 25 were taken hostage.

所有这些年轻人的命运 都是美国入侵导致的。

All these young men were the legacy of the American invasion.

这是哈菲扎。

Meet Hafiza.

战争的混乱下，她不得以离开旧村，流离失所， 她的几个儿子也彼此为敌。

The war drove her out of her village and turned her sons into enemies.

战争横插在她的家人之间，

The conflict wedged itself in between her own family

迫使她的儿子走上了不同的道路。

as her sons took different paths in life.

她的长子加入了 一支反塔利班民兵部队，

Her oldest son joined an anti-Taliban militia unit,

另一个儿子加入了塔利班，

another joined the Taliban,

而两个小儿子则被招进了政府军。

and her two youngest were recruited by the army.

这张照片里，她正指着自己喉咙上 一处外露的伤口。

Here she is revealing an open wound on her throat,

医生说这伤口是悲痛留下的。

a wound that doctors believe is caused by grief.

我们还去参观了阿富汗国家音乐学院，

During my visit to Afghanistan's National Institute of Music,

那是阿富汗第一所， 也是唯一一所音乐学校，

the first and only music school in Afghanistan,

我在那儿见到了 17 岁的苏布，

I met 17-year-old Sumbul,

一位杰出的小提琴手。

a brilliant violinist.

她是这代年轻人的一个典型，

She is the symbol of this generation

在相对自由的环境中成长起来，

that came of age with relative freedom

却又在一夜之间失去了一切。

and was robbed of it overnight.

苏布一家人

Sumbul’s family

住在阿富汗一处人迹罕至之所。

come from one of the most inaccessible regions of Afghanistan.

塔利班曾多次挟持苏布的父亲，

Her father was kidnapped several times by the Taliban,

逼他让他的女儿们从音乐学院退学。

being pressured to pull [his] daughters out of music school.

喀布尔陷落之后，

After the fall of Kabul,

塔利班武装分子袭击了 阿富汗国家音乐学院，

Taliban fighters raided and ANIM school.

毁掉了所有的乐器。

Instruments were destroyed.

8 月 26 日，

On August 26,

苏布和她舅舅正在机场外等待着，

Sumbul and her uncle were outside of the airport

成千上万绝望的阿富汗人都聚在那里， 试图逃走。

among thousands of desperate Afghans trying to flee

突然，一枚自杀式炸弹在人群中爆炸。

when a suicide bomb ripped through the crowd.

苏布从那场袭击中活了下来，

Sumbul survived the attack,

但她在阿富汗国内 演出的梦想就此破灭，

but her dream of performing inside Afghanistan vanished

就像那天的 170 位逝者一样，永远消失了。

like 170 people who died all around her that day.

在那最后一个夏天，

Over the course of that final summer,

我们目睹了整个阿富汗 迅速落入塔利班之手。

we watched as the country rapidly fell into the hands of Taliban.

我的一位同事 在当时负责追踪陷落地区。

One of my colleague's tasks was to keep track of the fallen district.

另一位同事则清点阵亡的人数。

Another to count the fallen men.

我们难以置信地看着这个国家在 20 年以来 取得的各项进步——女性权利，教育事业，

We watched in disbelief as 20 years of progress in women's rights, education,

言论自由等等——

freedom of expression

在仅仅 20 天内毁于一旦。

disappeared in 20 days.

8 月 15 日，也就是塔利班攻陷喀布尔的那天，

On August 15, the day that Taliban took over Kabul,

我在凌晨 4 点离开了住宅，

I left the house at 4am

前往机场去拍摄阿富汗的人们，

and headed to the airport to photograph Afghans

那些早已预见到塔利班的胜利， 绝望中试图逃离的阿富汗人。

who were desperately trying to leave in anticipation of Taliban's victory.

中午时分，塔利班武装分子还在街头行进，

By noon, Taliban fighters were marching on the streets,

而到了傍晚，

and by early evening,

他们就已经占领了总统府。

they had taken over the presidential palace.

我这辈子做过最难的一个决定 就是那天选择离开了阿富汗。

It was one of the most difficult decisions of my life to leave that day.

我们冲到机场时，

As we were dashing to the airport,

成百上千的人涌上街头， 朝四面八方跑去。

hundreds of people came to the street, running in every direction.

我永远忘不了他们脸上的恐慌。

I will never forget the panic on their faces.

我自己也很痛苦，很愧疚， 因为我就要离开了，也能够离开。

I myself was grappling with immense guilt for leaving and being able to leave.

我也很伤心，

I was also heartbroken,

因为我知道我再也不会回去了，

thinking that I could never return,

再也不会回到 对我影响至深的那片家园，

return to this home that has shaped me,

那个不仅把我培养成了一名摄影师， 更是教会我做人的故乡。

not only as a photographer, but a human being.

许多阿富汗人都被悲痛击垮， 被恐惧折磨，

Many Afghans have been devastated and overwhelmed with grief and fear

陷落以来一直如此。

最近我又联系了苏布和哈菲扎，

since the fall.

I recently caught up with Sumbul and Hafiza

问他们陷落以来都去了何方，

to see where they ended up after the fall.

我得知苏布正在欧洲追逐她的梦想， 试图抚平自己伤痕累累的灵魂；

Sumbul is healing her scarred soul while pursuing her dream in Europe.

哈菲扎则回到了她的村子， 和几个儿子一起度日。

Hafiza had gone back to her village to spend some time with her sons.

战争留下的伤口还远未弥合。

The wound has not healed yet.

但我还是抱有希望，

Yet I have to hang on to hope.

希望这个饱经忧患的国家 有朝一日能重新找到光明。

Hope for a country with open wounds that is struggling to heal.

谢谢大家。

Thank you.

（掌声）

(Applause)

肖汉姆·阿拉德：我有几个问题。

Shoham Arad: I have a couple of questions.

我现在有点情绪化，请不用在意。

I'm a little emotional, it's not a big deal.

自你离开阿富汗之后，还有机会回去过，

You've gone back to Afghanistan since you left.

能不能和我们说说， 那里现在的局势怎么样？

Can you tell us what it feels like right now?

琪亚娜·海耶里： 阿富汗现在的形势非常严峻。

Kiana Hayeri: The situation is very grim.

我想或许这就是 结束战争要付出的代价吧。

I guess war has ended, but at a cost.

贫困是首当其冲的问题，

But poverty is shooting out the roof,

人们吃不饱饭，

people are hungry,

女孩儿不能去高中上学，

girls are banned from going to school, girls in high school.

成年女性也被剥夺了工作。

Women are stripped from their jobs.

形势真的十分严峻。

It's very grim.

肖汉姆·阿拉德： 我知道你真的很爱这个国家。

SA: I know you love this country a lot.

那么能不能说说你想让人们知道， 或者引起人们思考的，

What's one thing you want people to know or think about

有关阿富汗的事情呢？

when they think about Afghanistan?

琪亚娜·海耶里： 现在很多的阿富汗人都跑到国外去了，

KH: There are many Afghans arriving abroad,

他们去了西方，去了美国，去了加拿大。

in the West, in America, in Canada.

请向他们敞开大门吧， 他们经受了太多苦难，

Open your doors to them, they've been through a lot,

他们承受了太多创伤，

他们所拥有的一切都被夺走了，

they've been traumatized,

they've been stripped from everything they had,

甚至失去了自己的身份。

even their identities.

请您将他们迎到家里坐坐， 牵着他们的手，

Welcome them in [your] homes, take their hands,

帮助他们安顿下来， 找到家的感觉。

help them to settle, make them feel at home.

如果愿意的话，您也可以参与救助行动。

Also, get involved if you want.

现在有许多组织 都为救助阿富汗而努力着，

There are organizations that are doing stuff,

尤其是阿富汗国内的女性教育事业。

especially for girls education back in Afghanistan.

您可以加入这些组织，捐助善款， 或花时间做些志愿活动，

Get involved, donate money, volunteer your time,

为那些逃到这里的阿富汗人，

either with people who are arriving here

或是仍在阿富汗的人们做些事情。

or back in Afghanistan.

肖汉姆·阿拉德：谢谢你，琪亚娜。

琪亚娜·海耶里：谢谢大家。

SA: Thanks, Kiana.

（掌声）

KH: Thank you.

(Applause)