A Photographic Journey through the Taliban's Takeover of Afghanistan | Kiana Hayeri | TED

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

Last year,

去年，我花了數個月

I spent several months photographing the fast changes across Afghanistan,

拍攝了阿富汗各地的快速改變，

as we approached the 20th anniversary of the US invasion.

那時，美國入侵即將邁入二十週年。

At the time,

那時，

I wanted this assignment to be a love letter to a troubled land

我希望這項工作能夠成為一封情書，

寫給我曾經居住過七年的動亂之地。

that I had called home for seven years.

Little did I know that it will become a goodbye letter to Afghanistan

我沒料到，

它會變成了離別信， 和我所認識的阿富汗說再見。

as I knew it.

Along with our brave local colleagues,

我和我勇敢的當地同事們

we traveled across Afghanistan

我們行遍阿富汗各地，

to look at how the last 20 years impacted people.

去看看過去二十年對人民的影響。

I was specifically drawn to hear from the youth

我特別感興趣的是去聽聽

who grew up after the American invasion

在美國人入侵之後長大的年輕人，

in an increasingly open society.

他們所處的社會越來越開放。

They grew up in a world with Facebook, Twitter, American movies and TV shows.

他們成長的環境中有臉書、

推特、美國電影和電視節目。

A world of new freedoms and opportunities.

這個環境有新的自由和機會。

They also endured war and terrorism, poverty and dislocation,

他們也要忍受戰爭、恐怖主義、

貧困，及流離失所，

barely surviving under a corrupt government

艱苦地求生存，因為有腐敗的政府

and the perpetual threat of suicide bombings.

以及永無止境的自殺炸彈威脅。

While the youth in countryside mostly saw themselves either victimized

在鄉下的年輕人

多半認為自己是受害者，

or fighting for both sides of the conflict,

要不然就是為衝突的雙方作戰；

the youth in urban areas had more options and dreams.

都市的年輕人 則有比較多選項和夢想。

Many of the young men and women that we met with

我們見到的許多年輕男女

were hanging on to the last rays of hope

緊抓住最後一線希望，

as the country was sinking into darkness

而國家正在陷入黑暗中，

because of the American withdrawal and Taliban’s imminent takeover.

原因是美國撤退， 而塔利班即將接手。

For me, confronting this was the beginning of the end.

對我來說，

正視這些，是結束的開始。

I want to take you on a journey

我想帶各位踏上一段旅程，

in the months leading to Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan,

時間是塔利班即將接手 阿富汗前的幾個月，

and give you snapshots of people as they lived through this transition.

並讓各位看一些照片， 內容是經歷這場轉變的人。

Last April, I sat down on the cold cement floor of a prison

去年四月，我坐在 一間監獄中冰冷的水泥地上，

with two teenage boys

旁邊有兩名男孩，

who were incarcerated for political charges,

他們因為政治罪名而被監禁，

a loose term for helping the Taliban.

其實就是他們協助了塔利班的意思。

14-year-old Mohammad Asif

十四歲的穆罕默德‧阿西夫

had two brothers fighting on two sides of the conflict,

有兩個兄弟，分別為衝突的兩方作戰，

one for the Taliban and one for the army.

一個協助塔利班，一個協助軍隊。

He chose to follow the path of the brother who was 16 when he joined the Taliban,

他決定追隨在十六歲時 加入塔利班的哥哥，

and he was killed before he turned 20.

這位哥哥在二十歲之前就被殺害了。

I asked both boys to imagine themselves in ten years.

我請這兩位男孩想像十年後的自己。

Mohammad Asif said nothing and shrugged.

穆罕默德‧阿西夫 聳聳肩，什麼也沒說。

I challenged him to try harder

我挑戰他再更努力試試，

and see himself beyond the soulless cells of the prison.

想像他自己在這沒有靈魂的 監獄牢房外是什麼樣子。

It took several tries.

試了好幾次。

He eventually responded,

終於，他回覆了：

"I don't know, I'll probably be dead."

「我不知道，我那時可能死了。」

On the same trip, we visited Karsai Peak,

我們在那一趟旅程中 也造訪了卡爾賽峰，

which at the time was serving as the frontline

是那時的戰火前線，

for Afghanistan's national army fighting the Taliban.

阿富汗的國家軍隊 在那裡對抗塔利班。

The mountain range was peppered by dozens of outposts,

山脈上遍佈了數十個前哨基地，

讓士兵及一支民兵部隊暫住。

housing soldiers and a militia unit.

大部分的戰士年紀都才二十初頭。

Most fighters were in their early twenties.

有些才十幾歲。

Some of them were teenagers.

幾乎每個人都好幾個月沒回家了。

Almost all of them hadn't been home in months.

那時，這支部隊幾乎每晚被伏擊。

At the time, the unit was ambushed almost every night.

這些年輕人得整晚熬夜作戰，

The young men would stay up all night fighting

在白天輪流小睡片刻。

and take turns to nap during the day.

七月二日，塔利班接手 阿富汗的一個半月前，

On July 2, a month and a half before the Taliban took over Afghanistan,

他們侵佔了卡爾賽峰。

they overran Karsai Peak.

光是民兵部隊中就有十九人被殺害。

From the militia unit alone 19 men were killed.

另外二十五人被抓走。

Another 25 were taken hostage.

所有這些年輕人， 都是美國入侵的遺產。

All these young men were the legacy of the American invasion.

見見哈菲札。

Meet Hafiza.

戰爭逼迫她離開她的村子，

The war drove her out of her village and turned her sons into enemies.

並讓她的兒子們成了敵人。

她自己的家中也發生了衝突，

The conflict wedged itself in between her own family

她的兒子們選擇了不同的人生道路。

as her sons took different paths in life.

她的長子加入了 反塔利班的民兵部隊，

Her oldest son joined an anti-Taliban militia unit,

另一個兒子加入了塔利班，

another joined the Taliban,

兩個小兒子被軍隊徵召。

and her two youngest were recruited by the army.

這張圖中，她展示出 她喉嚨上的開放性傷口，

Here she is revealing an open wound on her throat,

醫生認為是悲慟造成這個傷口。

a wound that doctors believe is caused by grief.

我造訪了阿富汗國立音樂學院，

During my visit to Afghanistan's National Institute of Music,

那是阿富汗第一所 也是唯一一所音樂學校，

the first and only music school in Afghanistan,

我在那裡見到了十七歲的蘇姆布爾，

I met 17-year-old Sumbul,

很出色的小提琴家。

a brilliant violinist.

她象徵著這個世代，

She is the symbol of this generation

生在相對自由的時代的世代，

that came of age with relative freedom

他們一夕之間就失去了自由。

and was robbed of it overnight.

蘇姆布爾的家人來自阿富汗 最難前往的地區之一。

Sumbul’s family

come from one of the most inaccessible regions of Afghanistan.

她的父親數次被塔利班綁架，

Her father was kidnapped several times by the Taliban,

受到施壓，被迫讓 他的女兒離開音樂學院，

being pressured to pull [his] daughters out of music school.

在喀布爾淪陷後，

After the fall of Kabul,

塔利班戰士襲擊了音樂學院。

Taliban fighters raided and ANIM school.

樂器被摧毀。

Instruments were destroyed.

八月二十六日，

On August 26,

蘇姆布爾和她的叔叔在機場外，

Sumbul and her uncle were outside of the airport

同時還有數千名迫切 想要逃離的阿富汗人，

among thousands of desperate Afghans trying to flee

此時，一個自殺炸彈在群眾中炸開。

when a suicide bomb ripped through the crowd.

蘇姆布爾在這場攻擊中活了下來，

Sumbul survived the attack,

但她在阿富汗表演的夢想消逝了，

but her dream of performing inside Afghanistan vanished

就像那天她周圍被炸死的 一百七十個人一樣。

like 170 people who died all around her that day.

在那最後一個夏天，

Over the course of that final summer,

我們看著阿富汗 快速地落入塔利班手中。

we watched as the country rapidly fell into the hands of Taliban.

我有一名同事的工作 是要追蹤淪陷的區域。

One of my colleague's tasks was to keep track of the fallen district.

另一名則是計算死去的人數。

Another to count the fallen men.

我們無法置信地看著， 努力了二十年推動的

We watched in disbelief as 20 years of progress in women's rights, education,

女權、教育、言論自由，

freedom of expression

全都在二十天之內消失。

disappeared in 20 days.

八月十五日，塔利班 接手喀布爾的那一天，

On August 15, the day that Taliban took over Kabul,

我在清晨四點離開房子，前往機場，

I left the house at 4am

and headed to the airport to photograph Afghans

去拍攝迫切想要離開的阿富汗人，

who were desperately trying to leave in anticipation of Taliban's victory.

他們預期塔利班會勝利。

中午時，塔利班戰士 已經在街上行軍，

By noon, Taliban fighters were marching on the streets,

傍晚時，

and by early evening,

他們拿下了總統府。

they had taken over the presidential palace.

那天，決定離開，是我 一生中最艱難的決定之一。

It was one of the most difficult decisions of my life to leave that day.

我們趕去機場時，

As we were dashing to the airport,

數百人跑到街上，奔向各個方向，

hundreds of people came to the street, running in every direction.

我永遠忘不了他們臉上的驚恐。

I will never forget the panic on their faces.

我自己馬上面對了巨大的罪惡感，

I myself was grappling with immense guilt for leaving and being able to leave.

因為我離開了，因為我能離開。

想到我可能永遠回不來， 我的心也碎了，

I was also heartbroken,

thinking that I could never return,

無法再回到這個

return to this home that has shaped me,

塑造了我這名攝影師、 我這個人的家園。

not only as a photographer, but a human being.

淪陷後，許多阿富汗人都心力交瘁，

Many Afghans have been devastated and overwhelmed with grief and fear

悲慟和恐懼讓他們無法招架。

我最近聯絡了蘇姆布爾和哈菲札，

since the fall.

I recently caught up with Sumbul and Hafiza

想知道他們在淪陷後去了那裡。

to see where they ended up after the fall.

蘇姆布爾在為她受傷的靈魂療傷， 同時在歐洲追尋她的夢想。

Sumbul is healing her scarred soul while pursuing her dream in Europe.

哈菲札回到了她的村子， 去陪她的兒子們。

Hafiza had gone back to her village to spend some time with her sons.

傷口尚未癒合。

The wound has not healed yet.

但，我得抓住希望。

Yet I have to hang on to hope.

為一個帶著開放性傷口， 努力療癒的國家，抱持希望。

Hope for a country with open wounds that is struggling to heal.

謝謝。

Thank you.

（掌聲）

(Applause)

主持人：我有幾個問題。 我有點情緒化，沒什麼。

Shoham Arad: I have a couple of questions.

I'm a little emotional, it's not a big deal.

你離開後曾經回過阿富汗。

You've gone back to Afghanistan since you left.

能否告訴我們，現在的感覺如何？

Can you tell us what it feels like right now?

講者：情況非常可怕。

Kiana Hayeri: The situation is very grim.

我想，戰爭結束了，但有代價。

I guess war has ended, but at a cost.

貧困無所不在，人民在挨餓，

But poverty is shooting out the roof,

people are hungry,

女生被禁止上學，

girls are banned from going to school, girls in high school.

高中女生。

女性的工作被剝奪。

Women are stripped from their jobs.

非常可怕。

It's very grim.

主持人：我知道你很愛這個國家。

SA: I know you love this country a lot.

你希望大家想到阿富汗時， 會知道或想到什麼？

What's one thing you want people to know or think about

when they think about Afghanistan?

講者：有許多阿富汗人到了國外，

KH: There are many Afghans arriving abroad,

到西方、到美國、到加拿大。

in the West, in America, in Canada.

請為他們打開大門， 他們經歷了很多，受到創傷，

Open your doors to them, they've been through a lot,

他們失去了一切，甚至他們的身分。

they've been traumatized,

they've been stripped from everything they had,

even their identities.

歡迎他們到你的家園， 握住他們的手，

Welcome them in [your] homes, take their hands,

協助他們安定下來， 讓他們覺得像回家。

help them to settle, make them feel at home.

願意的話也可以協助， 有些組織在做一些事，

Also, get involved if you want.

There are organizations that are doing stuff,

特別是為阿富汗的女子教育在努力。

especially for girls education back in Afghanistan.

伸出援手，捐錢，當志工，

Get involved, donate money, volunteer your time,

幫助來到這裡的人 或者留在阿富汗的人。

either with people who are arriving here

or back in Afghanistan.

主持人：謝謝，琪亞娜。 講者：謝謝你。

SA: Thanks, Kiana.

KH: Thank you.

（掌聲）

(Applause)