A Photographic Journey through the Taliban's Takeover of Afghanistan | Kiana Hayeri | TED

41,601 views ・ 2022-08-17

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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang
00:03
Last year,
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去年,我花了數個月
00:04
I spent several months photographing the fast changes across Afghanistan,
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拍攝了阿富汗各地的快速改變,
00:08
as we approached the 20th anniversary of the US invasion.
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那時,美國入侵即將邁入二十週年。
00:12
At the time,
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那時,
00:13
I wanted this assignment to be a love letter to a troubled land
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我希望這項工作能夠成為一封情書,
寫給我曾經居住過七年的動亂之地。
00:17
that I had called home for seven years.
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00:19
Little did I know that it will become a goodbye letter to Afghanistan
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我沒料到,
它會變成了離別信, 和我所認識的阿富汗說再見。
00:23
as I knew it.
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00:25
Along with our brave local colleagues,
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我和我勇敢的當地同事們
00:27
we traveled across Afghanistan
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我們行遍阿富汗各地,
00:29
to look at how the last 20 years impacted people.
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去看看過去二十年對人民的影響。
00:32
I was specifically drawn to hear from the youth
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我特別感興趣的是去聽聽
00:35
who grew up after the American invasion
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在美國人入侵之後長大的年輕人,
00:38
in an increasingly open society.
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他們所處的社會越來越開放。
00:41
They grew up in a world with Facebook, Twitter, American movies and TV shows.
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他們成長的環境中有臉書、
推特、美國電影和電視節目。
00:46
A world of new freedoms and opportunities.
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這個環境有新的自由和機會。
00:49
They also endured war and terrorism, poverty and dislocation,
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他們也要忍受戰爭、恐怖主義、
貧困,及流離失所,
00:55
barely surviving under a corrupt government
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艱苦地求生存,因為有腐敗的政府
00:57
and the perpetual threat of suicide bombings.
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以及永無止境的自殺炸彈威脅。
01:00
While the youth in countryside mostly saw themselves either victimized
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在鄉下的年輕人
多半認為自己是受害者,
01:05
or fighting for both sides of the conflict,
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要不然就是為衝突的雙方作戰;
01:08
the youth in urban areas had more options and dreams.
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都市的年輕人 則有比較多選項和夢想。
01:11
Many of the young men and women that we met with
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我們見到的許多年輕男女
01:14
were hanging on to the last rays of hope
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緊抓住最後一線希望,
01:17
as the country was sinking into darkness
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而國家正在陷入黑暗中,
01:20
because of the American withdrawal and Taliban’s imminent takeover.
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原因是美國撤退, 而塔利班即將接手。
01:24
For me, confronting this was the beginning of the end.
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對我來說,
正視這些,是結束的開始。
01:30
I want to take you on a journey
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我想帶各位踏上一段旅程,
01:32
in the months leading to Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan,
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時間是塔利班即將接手 阿富汗前的幾個月,
01:37
and give you snapshots of people as they lived through this transition.
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並讓各位看一些照片, 內容是經歷這場轉變的人。
01:41
Last April, I sat down on the cold cement floor of a prison
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去年四月,我坐在 一間監獄中冰冷的水泥地上,
01:45
with two teenage boys
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旁邊有兩名男孩,
01:46
who were incarcerated for political charges,
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他們因為政治罪名而被監禁,
01:49
a loose term for helping the Taliban.
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其實就是他們協助了塔利班的意思。
01:52
14-year-old Mohammad Asif
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十四歲的穆罕默德‧阿西夫
01:54
had two brothers fighting on two sides of the conflict,
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有兩個兄弟,分別為衝突的兩方作戰,
01:57
one for the Taliban and one for the army.
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一個協助塔利班,一個協助軍隊。
02:00
He chose to follow the path of the brother who was 16 when he joined the Taliban,
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他決定追隨在十六歲時 加入塔利班的哥哥,
02:06
and he was killed before he turned 20.
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這位哥哥在二十歲之前就被殺害了。
02:09
I asked both boys to imagine themselves in ten years.
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我請這兩位男孩想像十年後的自己。
02:13
Mohammad Asif said nothing and shrugged.
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穆罕默德‧阿西夫 聳聳肩,什麼也沒說。
02:15
I challenged him to try harder
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我挑戰他再更努力試試,
02:17
and see himself beyond the soulless cells of the prison.
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想像他自己在這沒有靈魂的 監獄牢房外是什麼樣子。
02:21
It took several tries.
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試了好幾次。
02:22
He eventually responded,
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終於,他回覆了:
02:24
"I don't know, I'll probably be dead."
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「我不知道,我那時可能死了。」
02:27
On the same trip, we visited Karsai Peak,
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我們在那一趟旅程中 也造訪了卡爾賽峰,
02:30
which at the time was serving as the frontline
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是那時的戰火前線,
02:33
for Afghanistan's national army fighting the Taliban.
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阿富汗的國家軍隊 在那裡對抗塔利班。
02:37
The mountain range was peppered by dozens of outposts,
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山脈上遍佈了數十個前哨基地,
讓士兵及一支民兵部隊暫住。
02:40
housing soldiers and a militia unit.
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大部分的戰士年紀都才二十初頭。
02:43
Most fighters were in their early twenties.
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有些才十幾歲。
02:45
Some of them were teenagers.
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幾乎每個人都好幾個月沒回家了。
02:47
Almost all of them hadn't been home in months.
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那時,這支部隊幾乎每晚被伏擊。
02:50
At the time, the unit was ambushed almost every night.
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這些年輕人得整晚熬夜作戰,
02:54
The young men would stay up all night fighting
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在白天輪流小睡片刻。
02:57
and take turns to nap during the day.
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七月二日,塔利班接手 阿富汗的一個半月前,
03:00
On July 2, a month and a half before the Taliban took over Afghanistan,
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他們侵佔了卡爾賽峰。
03:04
they overran Karsai Peak.
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光是民兵部隊中就有十九人被殺害。
03:07
From the militia unit alone 19 men were killed.
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另外二十五人被抓走。
03:10
Another 25 were taken hostage.
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所有這些年輕人, 都是美國入侵的遺產。
03:14
All these young men were the legacy of the American invasion.
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見見哈菲札。
03:18
Meet Hafiza.
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戰爭逼迫她離開她的村子,
03:20
The war drove her out of her village and turned her sons into enemies.
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並讓她的兒子們成了敵人。
她自己的家中也發生了衝突,
03:25
The conflict wedged itself in between her own family
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她的兒子們選擇了不同的人生道路。
03:28
as her sons took different paths in life.
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她的長子加入了 反塔利班的民兵部隊,
03:31
Her oldest son joined an anti-Taliban militia unit,
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另一個兒子加入了塔利班,
03:34
another joined the Taliban,
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兩個小兒子被軍隊徵召。
03:36
and her two youngest were recruited by the army.
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這張圖中,她展示出 她喉嚨上的開放性傷口,
03:40
Here she is revealing an open wound on her throat,
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醫生認為是悲慟造成這個傷口。
03:44
a wound that doctors believe is caused by grief.
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我造訪了阿富汗國立音樂學院,
03:48
During my visit to Afghanistan's National Institute of Music,
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那是阿富汗第一所 也是唯一一所音樂學校,
03:52
the first and only music school in Afghanistan,
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我在那裡見到了十七歲的蘇姆布爾,
03:55
I met 17-year-old Sumbul,
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很出色的小提琴家。
03:58
a brilliant violinist.
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她象徵著這個世代,
04:00
She is the symbol of this generation
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生在相對自由的時代的世代,
04:02
that came of age with relative freedom
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他們一夕之間就失去了自由。
04:05
and was robbed of it overnight.
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蘇姆布爾的家人來自阿富汗 最難前往的地區之一。
04:08
Sumbul’s family
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04:10
come from one of the most inaccessible regions of Afghanistan.
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她的父親數次被塔利班綁架,
04:13
Her father was kidnapped several times by the Taliban,
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受到施壓,被迫讓 他的女兒離開音樂學院,
04:16
being pressured to pull [his] daughters out of music school.
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在喀布爾淪陷後,
04:20
After the fall of Kabul,
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塔利班戰士襲擊了音樂學院。
04:21
Taliban fighters raided and ANIM school.
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樂器被摧毀。
04:24
Instruments were destroyed.
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八月二十六日,
04:26
On August 26,
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蘇姆布爾和她的叔叔在機場外,
04:27
Sumbul and her uncle were outside of the airport
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同時還有數千名迫切 想要逃離的阿富汗人,
04:30
among thousands of desperate Afghans trying to flee
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此時,一個自殺炸彈在群眾中炸開。
04:34
when a suicide bomb ripped through the crowd.
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蘇姆布爾在這場攻擊中活了下來,
04:38
Sumbul survived the attack,
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但她在阿富汗表演的夢想消逝了,
04:40
but her dream of performing inside Afghanistan vanished
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就像那天她周圍被炸死的 一百七十個人一樣。
04:44
like 170 people who died all around her that day.
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在那最後一個夏天,
04:49
Over the course of that final summer,
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我們看著阿富汗 快速地落入塔利班手中。
04:51
we watched as the country rapidly fell into the hands of Taliban.
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我有一名同事的工作 是要追蹤淪陷的區域。
04:55
One of my colleague's tasks was to keep track of the fallen district.
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另一名則是計算死去的人數。
05:00
Another to count the fallen men.
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我們無法置信地看著, 努力了二十年推動的
05:02
We watched in disbelief as 20 years of progress in women's rights, education,
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女權、教育、言論自由,
05:08
freedom of expression
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全都在二十天之內消失。
05:09
disappeared in 20 days.
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八月十五日,塔利班 接手喀布爾的那一天,
05:13
On August 15, the day that Taliban took over Kabul,
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我在清晨四點離開房子,前往機場,
05:16
I left the house at 4am
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05:18
and headed to the airport to photograph Afghans
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去拍攝迫切想要離開的阿富汗人,
05:21
who were desperately trying to leave in anticipation of Taliban's victory.
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他們預期塔利班會勝利。
中午時,塔利班戰士 已經在街上行軍,
05:26
By noon, Taliban fighters were marching on the streets,
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傍晚時,
05:29
and by early evening,
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他們拿下了總統府。
05:30
they had taken over the presidential palace.
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那天,決定離開,是我 一生中最艱難的決定之一。
05:33
It was one of the most difficult decisions of my life to leave that day.
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我們趕去機場時,
05:37
As we were dashing to the airport,
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數百人跑到街上,奔向各個方向,
05:39
hundreds of people came to the street, running in every direction.
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我永遠忘不了他們臉上的驚恐。
05:43
I will never forget the panic on their faces.
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我自己馬上面對了巨大的罪惡感,
05:47
I myself was grappling with immense guilt for leaving and being able to leave.
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因為我離開了,因為我能離開。
想到我可能永遠回不來, 我的心也碎了,
05:54
I was also heartbroken,
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05:55
thinking that I could never return,
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無法再回到這個
05:57
return to this home that has shaped me,
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塑造了我這名攝影師、 我這個人的家園。
06:00
not only as a photographer, but a human being.
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淪陷後,許多阿富汗人都心力交瘁,
06:04
Many Afghans have been devastated and overwhelmed with grief and fear
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悲慟和恐懼讓他們無法招架。
我最近聯絡了蘇姆布爾和哈菲札,
06:08
since the fall.
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06:09
I recently caught up with Sumbul and Hafiza
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想知道他們在淪陷後去了那裡。
06:11
to see where they ended up after the fall.
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蘇姆布爾在為她受傷的靈魂療傷, 同時在歐洲追尋她的夢想。
06:14
Sumbul is healing her scarred soul while pursuing her dream in Europe.
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哈菲札回到了她的村子, 去陪她的兒子們。
06:19
Hafiza had gone back to her village to spend some time with her sons.
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傷口尚未癒合。
06:24
The wound has not healed yet.
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但,我得抓住希望。
06:27
Yet I have to hang on to hope.
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為一個帶著開放性傷口, 努力療癒的國家,抱持希望。
06:29
Hope for a country with open wounds that is struggling to heal.
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謝謝。
06:33
Thank you.
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(掌聲)
06:34
(Applause)
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主持人:我有幾個問題。 我有點情緒化,沒什麼。
06:44
Shoham Arad: I have a couple of questions.
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06:46
I'm a little emotional, it's not a big deal.
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你離開後曾經回過阿富汗。
06:48
You've gone back to Afghanistan since you left.
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能否告訴我們,現在的感覺如何?
06:51
Can you tell us what it feels like right now?
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講者:情況非常可怕。
06:53
Kiana Hayeri: The situation is very grim.
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我想,戰爭結束了,但有代價。
06:57
I guess war has ended, but at a cost.
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貧困無所不在,人民在挨餓,
07:00
But poverty is shooting out the roof,
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07:02
people are hungry,
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女生被禁止上學,
07:04
girls are banned from going to school, girls in high school.
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高中女生。
女性的工作被剝奪。
07:08
Women are stripped from their jobs.
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非常可怕。
07:10
It's very grim.
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主持人:我知道你很愛這個國家。
07:14
SA: I know you love this country a lot.
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你希望大家想到阿富汗時, 會知道或想到什麼?
07:17
What's one thing you want people to know or think about
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07:20
when they think about Afghanistan?
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講者:有許多阿富汗人到了國外,
07:23
KH: There are many Afghans arriving abroad,
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到西方、到美國、到加拿大。
07:25
in the West, in America, in Canada.
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請為他們打開大門, 他們經歷了很多,受到創傷,
07:28
Open your doors to them, they've been through a lot,
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他們失去了一切,甚至他們的身分。
07:31
they've been traumatized,
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07:32
they've been stripped from everything they had,
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07:34
even their identities.
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歡迎他們到你的家園, 握住他們的手,
07:36
Welcome them in [your] homes, take their hands,
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協助他們安定下來, 讓他們覺得像回家。
07:38
help them to settle, make them feel at home.
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願意的話也可以協助, 有些組織在做一些事,
07:41
Also, get involved if you want.
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07:43
There are organizations that are doing stuff,
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特別是為阿富汗的女子教育在努力。
07:45
especially for girls education back in Afghanistan.
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伸出援手,捐錢,當志工,
07:48
Get involved, donate money, volunteer your time,
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幫助來到這裡的人 或者留在阿富汗的人。
07:51
either with people who are arriving here
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07:53
or back in Afghanistan.
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主持人:謝謝,琪亞娜。 講者:謝謝你。
07:55
SA: Thanks, Kiana.
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07:56
KH: Thank you.
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(掌聲)
07:57
(Applause)
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