The "Greenhouse-in-a-Box" Empowering Farmers in India | Sathya Raghu Mokkapati | TED Countdown

翻译人员: Tiantian Yang 校对人员: Helen Chang

When we look at poor smallholder farmers across the world,

让我们看看世界各地的小农生产者

and particularly in my country, India,

尤其是我的家乡印度，

we often think that what they need is access to better tools,

我们一般都会认为他们需要的是 能够获得更好的生产工具的渠道、

education, government support, markets and so on.

教育、政府支持、市场等等。

Yes, they need all that.

对，这些他们都需要。

But what they really need is a reliable and regular income

但是他们真正需要的是可靠的和持续的

to live with dignity.

让自己生活得有尊严的收入。

A dependable income,

一份可以依赖的收入

even if it is as small as 100 dollars a month,

就算每个月只有100美金也好，

is essential for them to stay out of poverty.

对于他们远离贫困之境都是必要的。

Today, their incomes are in and out of poverty,

现今，他们的收入还在贫困线上下徘徊，

which is extremely painful.

这是极其痛苦的。

Growing up in South India,

我在南印长大，

I could not overlook what poverty did to our farmers.

贫穷给我们的农民带来的影响 让我无法直视。

I was about 17 years old when one day,

大约是在我17岁的一天，

I saw a farmer in my village sitting next to a farm stream

我看见村子里的一个农民坐在灌溉渠边

and eating something from the ground.

吃着一些从地里摘来的东西.

Something did not seem right.

看起来不太对劲。

I walked up to him to see what was going on.

我朝他走去打算看看发生了什么事。

I was shocked to see him eat mud.

我震惊地看到他在吃泥浆。

Mud.

泥浆。

Brown, soft mud from the stream.

棕色的软哒哒的从水边挖来的泥浆。

I was afraid he might die.

我怕他会挂掉。

I yelled at him.

我朝他吼。

"What is this stupid mud-eating business?"

“吃泥浆这算是做的什么蠢事？”

He looked at me helplessly and said,

他看了我一眼无助地说：

"I'm a farmer, my crops failed;

”我是个农民，我的庄稼死了，

my stomach doesn't know that my pocket is empty."

我的胃不知道我的包里是空的，”

I walked away quite helplessly.

我无助地走掉了。

That night, I shared this with my grandfather.

那天夜里我把这事说给我的祖父听。

He was a remarkable man, very clever.

他是个了不起的人，非常聪明。

He was a part of the Indian freedom struggle

他是印度独立运动的一员

under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

是圣雄甘地领导的一份子。

Unlike me, he wasn't surprised at all.

他不像我，根本不吃惊。

He knew of people who added rice starch to mud

他知道有些人会把米浆加进泥浆里

to calm their hunger.

来骗骗自己的肚子。

And he told me something profound.

他还告诉了我一些深刻的道理，

If you see a person walking on the road without footwear,

如果你看见一个人没穿鞋子就在路上走，

it is important to understand the root cause:

你要知道其中的的根源：

that the person doesn't have enough money to probably buy the footwear.

那就是那个人根本没有足够的钱去买鞋子。

I finished my college,

我读完大学后，

started working with a big company,

在一家大公司工作，

but that incident kept coming back to me.

但那个场景始终在我脑海中浮现。

Why are smallholder farmers in such abject poverty?

为什么小农生产者会如此卑贱而贫穷？

What causes them to be so desperate,

是什么让他们如此绝望，

and why is it that, even in 21st-century India,

为什么到了21世纪的印度，

one farmer dies by suicide every 51 minutes?

居然每51分钟就有一个农民自杀？

My cofounders and I spent about six months traveling across India,

我和合作伙伴一起在6个月中走遍了整个印度，

meeting hundreds of farmers to listen to them.

和上百个农民见面倾听他们的故事。

It became clear that climate risk is the root cause

很清楚的是气候危机是

that causes farming to be unpredictable and unviable.

导致农业生产无法预计无以为继的根源。

Farmers who make reasonable money in one season

在这个季节挣到钱的农民

can fail miserably in the next.

在下一个季节很可能凄惨无收。

And farmers who could grow crops earlier in summers

以前农民可以在初夏播种

no longer get to grow crops in summers.

现在却不能了。

Heat is so much more.

气候变热了很多。

The wells are drying up,

水井干枯，

every year, there are new varieties of pests and diseases.

每年都有各种各样的病虫害。

Farmers told us that this is all because of because of God.

农民说这些都是神的旨意。

I said, "What?"

我说：“什么？”

"This is all because of God."

“是神的旨意。”

God is the one who caused it, God is the only one who can solve it.

是神的旨意。也只有神才能解决。

God, in that context, I did not see as a sign of hope.

神，在他们的说法里， 我感受不到一丝丝的希望。

I read it as a sign of helplessness.

我将这个看成是一种无能为力的表现。

We heard from the farmers.

我们听农民讲述。

They knew the problem,

他们知道问题所在，

but they could not use these two words: "climate risk."

但是他们不知道 用“气候危机“这个词来描述。

So we got together a team of engineers,

所以我们成立了一个 由来自六个国家的工程师、

scientists, designers from about six countries,

科学家、设计师组成的小组

to cocreate a solution with our farmers,

来与农民一道解决问题，

which is quite unconventional.

这是一种非常规的做法。

And the solution is “greenhouse-in-a-box.”

解决办法就是”小盒温室“。

We call it "Kheyti Rakshak."

我们管它叫”Kheyti Rakshak“。

It’s a micro-greenhouse.

这是一种小型温室。

It's a beautiful greenhouse

这个温室很漂亮

which sits in a small portion of the farmer's land.

就安装在农民土地上的一小块地方。

It's easy to build, a small structure,

建造起来很容易，结构很小,

covered with netting on all sides,

四周都有网，

which cuts off heat, prevents bugs and saves water.

它可以隔绝热空气、防虫并且节约用水。

We can't cool the entire planet in one day,

我们没办法一天之内就让整个地球变凉快，

but we definitely can create a climate for a small portion of a farmer’s land

但我们无疑可以在农民的土地 开辟一小块地方来创造一个

to be suitable for farming.

适合种植的气候。

From our first experiences of growing vegetables --

我们在种植蔬菜方面的第一批经验是，

staple vegetables like tomatoes, cabbage, cucumbers --

大众类型的蔬菜比如番茄、卷心菜、黄瓜，

we observed that greenhouses can increase yields up to seven times

观察的结果是温室可以提高到7倍的产量

and use 90 percent less water.

用水量减少90%。

All this was too good to be true.

如果都能这样那就太好了。

All these things are so difficult to happen,

但是一切要成真太难了，

so farmers couldn't believe it, unless they actually saw it in action.

所以农民不信，除非他们真的看到成果。

So to make this happen,

为了要实现，

we had to have the courage to reimagine agriculture --

我们要有勇气去重新描绘农业生产的蓝图，

reimagine agriculture for smallholder farmers.

小农生产者的农业蓝图。

After all, this is not to grow tomatoes in an industrial setting in Alaska

毕竟，我们不是要在一个现代化的地区 比如阿拉斯加去种番茄

in winters.

而且是阿拉斯加的冬天。

It is to grow tomatoes for a smallholder farmer,

我们是让小农生产者种番茄，

by a smallholder farmer, in sizzling hot Indian summers.

在印度热得兹拉兹拉的夏天里种番茄。

So this greenhouse had to be small enough to fit in a portion of their land,

所以这个温室的尺寸不能大 必须可以在他们的土地上面安装，

easy enough for them to use

方便他们使用

and cheap enough for them to buy.

足够便宜他们能买得起。

One of the biggest challenges that we could overcome in the process

我们必须克服的重大挑战之一就是

is financing.

资金问题。

Thanks to our financing partners,

多亏有我们的财务合作伙伴，

today, this greenhouse is available with financing

现在温室已经解决了资金问题

which is fast enough and cheap enough.

够快够便宜。

The greenhouse costs about 1,000 dollars.

温室大约要花1000美金。

Farmers pay a down payment of about 100 dollars,

农民先付大约100首付款，

and the rest is financed through a loan.

其他通过贷款。

And this life-changing asset

这项足以改变一生的资产

adds and extra 100 dollars of profit, on average, to a household,

大约可以增加100美金的利润， 按照每个家庭来计算平均数

month on month.

以月度为单位。

This is a good double of what they otherwise make.

这是双赢。

Marginal, five-ten percent increases in the incomes of smallholder farmers

太微小了，农民家庭大约 可以增加5-10个百分点的收入

cannot move the needle forward much,

没法让这件事继续前进，

because the baseline is way too low.

因为基点太低了。

We need a significant jump in their income,

我们需要在收入上有大幅度的提高，

and that income has to be reliable and dependable.

而且收入必须是可靠和可持续的。

To ensure that farmers succeed,

为了给农民保驾护航，

we also provide quality seeds, nutrition,

我们还提供质量上乘的种子、肥料、

training and advisory leveraging mobile technology.

培训和辅导可移动的灌溉技术。

We rolled out the solution, after quite a few tests with farmers,

在向农民做过测试之后 我们铺开了这项活动，

about three years ago,

大约在3年前吧，

and we are marching towards 2,000 farmers in this year

我们今年计划帮助2000位农民，

and looking at 100,000 farmers over the next five years.

并且展望在下一个五年 把参加的农民人数提高到10万人。

Hopefully, every smallholder farmer in my lifetime.

我希望在有生之年 可以帮助所有的小农。

(Applause)

（掌声）

The best technologies in agriculture can reach the smallest of the farmers

最棒的农业技术可以深入精准 帮助到每一个农民，

if we do two things well:

只要我们做好两件事：

listen to the farmer with curiosity, empathy and compassion,

带着好奇心、同理心和恻隐之心 倾听农民的讲述，

and keep smallholder farmers, particularly women farmers,

把小农生产者，尤其是女性农民

at the center of the design,

当成设计的核心来考虑，

and build solutions.

在这基础上进行解决方案的设计。

Then, we can cocreate mini solutions like Kheyti Rakshak,

之后我们就可以像Kheyti Rakshak 项目一样共同找到小而美的解决方法，

which bring dignity, hope and stability to the lives of the farmers.

这种方式可以给农民的生活 带来尊严、希望和稳定。

In this big fight against climate change,

在这场与气候变化的大战中，

we all have to remember that we should take our smallholder farmers along;

我们必须记住始终与农民共同战斗，

it is our collective responsibility.

这是所有人的责任。

India is a home for about 100 million smallholder farmers.

印度是1亿农民的家。

I dream of a day

我梦到有一天

when "smallholder farmer" becomes synonymous with a happy farmer,

“小农生产者”变成了幸福农民的同义词，

and being forced to eat mud should never be a feature again, anywhere.

无论何时何地，自此不会再有 被迫吃泥浆的奇事发生了。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌声和欢呼声）