Farwiza Farhan: The powerful women on the front lines of climate action | TED Countdown

翻译人员: bao tang 校对人员: Helen Chang

When it comes to big problems like climate change,

当谈到一些大事件，比如气候变化时，

we tend to like big solutions:

我们会倾向于一些重大的解决方案。

new technologies, global policies.

比如新的技术，全球性政策。

But many of the most important solutions

但是很多的重大解决方案

are rooted on the ground

都源于当地的基层人物。

by actors that don’t walk the corridors of power,

这些角色并没有太大权力，

by actors that might not speak the scientific language of climate change

也不会去讨论气候变化的科学研究，

but who are dealing with its impact every day.

但是他们每天 都在应对气候变化的影响。

I am a forest conservationist

我是一名森林保育员，

from the Leuser Ecosystem in Sumatra, Indonesia.

平时的工作是保护印度尼西亚 苏门答腊岛的勒塞尔生态系统。

You might have never heard of this landscape.

你可能从来都没有听过这个地方。

But it’s the last place on Earth

但这是世界上最后一个地方，

where the critically endangered Sumatran rhino,

还可以看到极度濒危的苏门答腊犀牛、

tiger, elephant and orangutan still roam together in the wild.

老虎、大象和红毛猩猩在野外出没。

Meet Sumini.

遇见苏米妮（Sumini)。

Sumini is the leader of Indonesia's first women-led ranger team

苏米妮（Sumini）是印度尼西亚 第一个女性护林队的队长，

and a mother,

也是一位母亲。

a conservationist whose action is rooted in her community

作为一名保育人士，她日常扎根于

位于勒塞尔生态系统边缘的护林团队。

on the edge of the Leuser Ecosystem.

In the patriarchal society where she operates,

在她所处的社会中，

a woman is expected to be quiet and subservient.

女性都被期望是顺从而安静的。

During a village meeting,

在一次村庄会议中，

the ladies tend to congregate in the kitchen

女人们往往在厨房中忙活着，

while the men discuss village policies and budget.

而男人们则谈论着 村子里的政策和税收。

And oftentimes,

甚至常常，

even if she is present in the meeting room,

当她出席会议时

she is expected to not voice her opinion,

也被希望不要发表观点，

rather letting a male relative answer [questions] addressed to her

更不用说让一个男性亲属 在事先未商量的情况下

去回答她的问题。

without consulting her first.

When I asked Sumini why she chose to protect and conserve the forests,

当我问苏为什么她选择去保育森林时。

she said, "We are mothers and grandmothers.

她说，“我们是母亲和祖母。

We are responsible for everything.

我们承担着家庭中的所有琐事。

From the moment we wake up,

从早上一睁开眼睛，

we have to wash clothes, cook and make coffee for our family.

我们就要洗衣服做饭，还要煮咖啡。

More than anything, we need water

而日常生活中的这一切，

in every aspect of our life.

都离不开水。

And the only thing that protects our water source

而唯一能保护水资源的，

is the forest up the mountain."

是山上的那些森林。”

The path for Sumini to lead these rangers is anything but straightforward.

通往苏米妮领导这些护林队员的道路 绝非直截了当。

She became familiar with the forest

陪伴着丈夫在山间艰苦跋涉， 她对这些森林逐渐熟悉起来。

when she began accompanying her husband trekking.

During these trips, they witnessed encroachment and logging.

他们在这些徒步旅途中 见到了人们砍伐树木、侵蚀森林。

They saw people taking out timber and encroaching into the forest.

他们见到了人们将木材运出，侵入森林。

When they would try to warn off the loggers,

他们试图去告诫那些伐木者离开，

they were met with a challenge.

却遇到困难。

"Who are you and what are your authorities to tell us off?

“你们算老几，有什么资格责备我们？

Go away!"

滚开！”

Logging an encroachment that happened upstream

上游砍伐树木侵占森林的事情 在不断上演，

soon turned into disasters downstream.

不久导致了下游的灾难。

A heavy rainfall that lasted for a few days

一场暴雨持续下了一段时间后，

turned into flash floods and landslides,

引发了山洪和山崩。

destroying the village and its essential infrastructure.

下游的村庄和基础设施被毁。

After the disaster,

在那场洪灾后，

Sumini and other villagers had to take refuge

苏米妮和其他的村民只好 在避难所中寻求蔽身之处。

in a shelter for a while.

"Being a refugee is hard.

“在避难所的日子很艰难。

You don't have privacy and security.

你没有任何隐私，也毫无安全感可言。

You don’t even have access to clean flowing water.

你甚至没办法得到干净流动的水。

It's hard to even keep yourself safe and clean.

很难保持自己的安全和洁净。

I don't want that kind of disaster to happen again,"

我不想看到那样的灾难再次发生。”

she said to me.

她对我说道。

For Sumini and her team,

对于苏米妮和她的团队来说，

the first part of becoming a ranger was not putting on a uniform

成立护林队的首要事项 并不是穿上统一的制服，

but creating a map of the forest.

而是绘制出森林的地图

You see, in Indonesia,

你要知道，在印度尼西亚，

access to land and forest are often contested,

土地和森林的所有权往往充满争议。

and one couldn't simply walk into a patch of forest

走进一小片森林中，然后宣称他们将要 保护这块森林的简单做法是行不通的。

and declare that they will protect this patch.

No, no.

这样完全不行。

The government needs to acknowledge that you are the legal guardian

需要获得政府的承认后 你才是这一片森林的合法守护人。

of the particular forest.

And then they will give you the paperwork to affirm your role.

然后政府会颁布一份文书 来证明这一身份。

In order to obtain this permit,

为了获得许可，

the community needs to create a proposal with a map.

这个团队需要提出一份 带有地图的提议书。

So they get the work.

她们开始了这份工作。

Of course, they know where things are in the forest:

当然，她们对森林里的一草一木 都非常了解。

where the water and the waterfall [are],

哪里有水源哪里有瀑布，

where the orchid is and where the bear sleeps.

哪里可以看到兰花， 哪里可以看到睡觉的棕熊。

But putting this knowledge on paper is something else.

但是把这一切搬到纸面上， 那又是另外一回事。

Climbing up into the forest with her crew,

和她的队员一起爬上高山，

they learn to read the GPS,

她们学会了使用GPS，

orient around a map

在地图上定位，

and take note of important flora and fauna

标注出重要的动植物群，

as well as signs of wildlife.

对野生动物进行标记。

They begin to plant trees and restore parts that were degraded.

她们开始种植树木， 对生态退化的地区进行修复。

Up to this day, In Indonesia,

直到今天，在印度尼西亚，

there were only a few patches of forest formally managed by groups of women.

仅仅只有一小部分森林 正式被女性团体所管理。

And Sumini led one of them.

苏米妮领导着其中一个队伍。

It might sound awesome,

这听上去可能让人惊叹，

but the work is not done.

但这项工作还未做成。

The conservation work is never done.

森林保育工作还未完成。

Sumini and her team still face many challenges every day.

苏米妮和她的团队 每天仍然面临着很多挑战。

And sometimes they are still being patronized and undermined.

有时她们的工作会遭到贬低， 甚至被破坏。

But the power of these women is patience and persistence.

但是这些女性非常的耐心且有韧劲。

They're embedded in the community,

她们在团队中投入了大量精力，

so they learn to navigate the tricky path of being a strong female leader

学习如何处理那些棘手的事务，

在保守的父权社会中 成为坚强的女性领导者。

in a conservative patriarchal society.

Unlike a conservation expert that parachutes in from outside,

不同于那些外来空降的森林保育专家，

Sumini and her team are here to stay.

苏米妮和她的团队在这里留下来，

So their approach is instantly different.

所以她们的参与立马带来了不同。

At this point,

说到这里，

we know that tropical forests are a stabilizing force for climate.

我们知道热带雨林 能够有效调节气候。

And protecting tropical forests

保护热带雨林，

is one of the most cost-efficient ways to avert climate disaster

是最有效的方法来 避免气候灾害和生物多样性衰退。

and biodiversity collapse.

But the conservation world needs an overhaul.

但是森林保育这一块 需要一次全面的改革。

We need more women in the position of leadership --

我们需要更多的女性 走到保育团队领导者的位置上。

women from the grassroots,

像苏米妮这样的 在当地土生土长的女性。

women like Sumini.

Women make up half of the world's population,

妇女占世界人口的一半，

yet only a fraction sits at the decision-making table.

然而只有一小部分女性 能够坐到决策桌边。

Women in the communities are the guardians of environmental wisdom,

这些保育团体中的女性 是环境智慧的守护者。

yet they are often an untapped source of knowledge,

然而她们往往是未开发的知识来源，

underappreciated and therefore underresourced.

未被充分认识，因此资源不足。

Community based alone is not enough.

仅依靠这些团体本身是完全不够的。

A study by WRI showed that most community forestry initiatives

世界资源研究所的一项研究表明 大部分的团体林业活动，

benefit elite village leaders,

都是惠及村内的男性领导者，

usually men,

and worsen gender equality on the grassroots.

加大了基层性别不平等。

So how do we change this?

怎么做才能改变这一现状呢？

First, we need to acknowledge that the problem is complex.

首先，我们必须意识到 这一问题是很复杂的。

There are close to 85,000 villages in Indonesia,

在印度尼西亚有接近85,000个村子，

about 25,000 of them are located in and around forests.

其中有25,000个坐落在 森林里面或者周边。

Each have their own complexities and challenges,

每个村落都有着难题和挑战，

but each of them also has its own Sumini.

但是每个村子里都有着苏米妮 这样的女性存在。

It is up to us to find them,

我们要做的是找到她们，

work with them

和她们一起工作，

and invest in them.

投资于她们。

Thank you.

谢谢。