Farwiza Farhan: The powerful women on the front lines of climate action | TED Countdown

譯者: Jia Yi Cheong 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

When it comes to big problems like climate change,

當涉及到如氣候變化的重大議題時，

we tend to like big solutions:

我們傾向於關注重磅的解決方案，

new technologies, global policies.

比如新技術、全球性政策。

But many of the most important solutions

但是很多的最重要的解決方案，

are rooted on the ground

都扎根於地面，

by actors that don’t walk the corridors of power,

來自並未操控權力的、

甚至可能不會用術語去討論氣候變化，

by actors that might not speak the scientific language of climate change

but who are dealing with its impact every day.

但每天都在應對氣候變化影響的人們。

I am a forest conservationist

我是一名森林保育員，

from the Leuser Ecosystem in Sumatra, Indonesia.

負責保護印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島的 勒塞爾生態系統（Leuser Ecosystem）。

You might have never heard of this landscape.

你可能從未聽說過這個地方。

但這是世界上最後一個地方，

But it’s the last place on Earth

where the critically endangered Sumatran rhino,

還可以看到極度瀕危的蘇門答臘犀牛、

老虎、大象和紅毛猩猩同時聚居和出沒在野外。

tiger, elephant and orangutan still roam together in the wild.

這是蘇米妮（Sunmini）。

Meet Sumini.

Sumini is the leader of Indonesia's first women-led ranger team

蘇米妮（Sumini）是印尼第一支女性護林隊的隊長，

也是一位母親。

and a mother,

a conservationist whose action is rooted in her community

作為一名自然保育人士，她日常行動於

她那位於勒塞爾生態系統邊緣的村落當中。

on the edge of the Leuser Ecosystem.

In the patriarchal society where she operates,

在她所處的父權社會裡，

a woman is expected to be quiet and subservient.

女性所擔負的期望是安靜且順從。

During a village meeting,

在村落群體會議中，

the ladies tend to congregate in the kitchen

女人們往往被要求隱身在廚房裡，

while the men discuss village policies and budget.

而男人們則談論著村子裡的政策和稅收。

甚至通常，

And oftentimes,

even if she is present in the meeting room,

即便她能出席會議，

she is expected to not voice her opinion,

也被默認為她不能發表任何觀點，

rather letting a male relative answer [questions] addressed to her

而是由一個男性親屬，

“代表”她回答問題， 并且事先未與她商量。

without consulting her first.

When I asked Sumini why she chose to protect and conserve the forests,

當我問蘇米妮為什麼選擇去保育森林時，

she said, "We are mothers and grandmothers.

她說：“我們是母親和祖母。

我們承擔著家庭中的所有瑣事。

We are responsible for everything.

從早上一睜開眼睛，

From the moment we wake up,

we have to wash clothes, cook and make coffee for our family.

我們就要洗衣服、做飯，還要為家人煮咖啡。

More than anything, we need water

而日常生活中的這一切， 都離不開水。

in every aspect of our life.

而唯一能保護水資源的，

And the only thing that protects our water source

就是山上的森林。”

is the forest up the mountain."

蘇米妮帶領護林隊員的道路並不簡單。

The path for Sumini to lead these rangers is anything but straightforward.

She became familiar with the forest

陪伴著丈夫在山間艱苦跋涉， 她對這些森林逐漸熟悉起來。

when she began accompanying her husband trekking.

在這些徒步旅途中， 他們目睹了樹木被砍伐、森林遭侵蝕。

During these trips, they witnessed encroachment and logging.

他們見到了人們運走木材，蠶食森林。

They saw people taking out timber and encroaching into the forest.

When they would try to warn off the loggers,

他們試圖告誡那些伐木者，

they were met with a challenge.

卻遇到了困難。

"Who are you and what are your authorities to tell us off?

“你們什麼身份，憑什麼教訓我們？

滾開！”

Go away!"

砍伐樹木侵佔森林不斷在河的上游上演，

Logging an encroachment that happened upstream

soon turned into disasters downstream.

很快就導致了下游的災難。

A heavy rainfall that lasted for a few days

一場持續數天的暴雨，

turned into flash floods and landslides,

引發了山洪和土崩，

下游的村落和重要的基礎設施遇毀。

destroying the village and its essential infrastructure.

After the disaster,

在那場洪災後，

Sumini and other villagers had to take refuge

蘇米妮和其他村民不得不暫時棲身於避難所。

in a shelter for a while.

“作為難民的日子很艱難。

"Being a refugee is hard.

你沒有任何隱私，也毫無安全感可言。

You don't have privacy and security.

你甚至無法得到乾淨流動的水，

You don’t even have access to clean flowing water.

以至於保持自己的安全和潔淨都是奢求。

It's hard to even keep yourself safe and clean.

我不希望那樣的災難再次發生。”

I don't want that kind of disaster to happen again,"

她對我說道。

she said to me.

對於蘇米妮和她的團隊來說，

For Sumini and her team,

成立護林隊的第一步， 並不是穿上統一的制服，

the first part of becoming a ranger was not putting on a uniform

而是繪製出一幅森林的地圖。

but creating a map of the forest.

You see, in Indonesia,

你要知道，在印度尼西亞，

access to land and forest are often contested,

土地和森林的所有權往往充滿爭議。

and one couldn't simply walk into a patch of forest

走進一片森林裡，然後宣稱將要 保護這片森林的做法是行不通的。

and declare that they will protect this patch.

No, no.

The government needs to acknowledge that you are the legal guardian

只有獲得政府的認證後， 你才是特定區域的森林合法保育人。

of the particular forest.

And then they will give you the paperwork to affirm your role.

然後政府給你頒佈一份文書， 以證明這個身份。

In order to obtain this permit,

為了獲得許可證，

the community needs to create a proposal with a map.

團隊需要提交一份包含地圖的提案書。

So they get the work.

因此保育隊員們開始了這項任務。

當然，她們對森林裡的一草一木都非常瞭解。

Of course, they know where things are in the forest:

哪裡有水源、哪裡有瀑布，

where the water and the waterfall [are],

where the orchid is and where the bear sleeps.

哪裡可以看見蘭花、 哪裡會遇見睡覺的棕熊。

但要把這一切搬到紙面上，卻又是另外一回事。

But putting this knowledge on paper is something else.

與隊員們一同走入叢林，

Climbing up into the forest with her crew,

they learn to read the GPS,

她們學會了使用GPS，

orient around a map

在地圖上定位，

並標注出重要的動植物群、

and take note of important flora and fauna

as well as signs of wildlife.

追蹤野生動物的蹤跡。

她們開始種植樹木， 修復生態退化的區域。

They begin to plant trees and restore parts that were degraded.

Up to this day, In Indonesia,

直到今天，在印度尼西亞，

there were only a few patches of forest formally managed by groups of women.

只有一小部分的森林是 正式由女性團體所管理的。

And Sumini led one of them.

蘇米妮領導著其中一支隊伍。

It might sound awesome,

這聽上去可能讓人驚歎，

但這項工作還未完成。

but the work is not done.

The conservation work is never done.

自然保育工作永遠不會結束。

蘇米妮和她的團隊 每天仍然面臨著很多挑戰。

Sumini and her team still face many challenges every day.

有時她們會遭到貶低和詆毀。

And sometimes they are still being patronized and undermined.

但是這些女性的力量在於 非常的有耐心和韌性。

But the power of these women is patience and persistence.

They're embedded in the community,

這些特質嵌入了團隊當中，

so they learn to navigate the tricky path of being a strong female leader

由此她們學會如何在艱難的道路上前行，

成為堅定且強大的女性領導者，

in a conservative patriarchal society.

在這個保守的父權社會中。

Unlike a conservation expert that parachutes in from outside,

不同于那些外來空降的自然保育專家，

蘇米妮和她的團隊會留在這個地方，

Sumini and her team are here to stay.

所以她們的參與帶來了立竿見影的影響。

So their approach is instantly different.

At this point,

說到這裡，

我們知道熱帶雨林能夠有效調節氣候。

we know that tropical forests are a stabilizing force for climate.

保護熱帶雨林，

And protecting tropical forests

是最有效來避免氣候災害和 生物多樣性衰退的方法之一。

is one of the most cost-efficient ways to avert climate disaster

and biodiversity collapse.

But the conservation world needs an overhaul.

但自然保育界需要一次徹底的改革。

We need more women in the position of leadership --

我們需要更多的女性 到保育團隊領導者的位置上，

women from the grassroots,

在當地土生土長的女性，

像蘇米妮這樣的女性。

women like Sumini.

女性占世界人口的一半，

Women make up half of the world's population,

然而只有一小部分女性 能夠坐到決策桌前。

yet only a fraction sits at the decision-making table.

這些保育團體中的女性 是生態環境智慧的守護者。

Women in the communities are the guardians of environmental wisdom,

然而她們往往是未被開發的知識來源，

yet they are often an untapped source of knowledge,

underappreciated and therefore underresourced.

未被充分重視，因此資源不足。

僅依靠保育團體本身是完全不足夠的。

Community based alone is not enough.

世界資源研究所的一項研究表明， 大多數的團體林業行動，

A study by WRI showed that most community forestry initiatives

benefit elite village leaders,

惠及村落的領導者，通常是男性，

usually men,

並加大了基層群體中的性別不平等。

and worsen gender equality on the grassroots.

那麼要如何才能改變這一現狀？

So how do we change this?

First, we need to acknowledge that the problem is complex.

首先，我們必須意識到 這個問題是很複雜的。

印度尼西亞內有將近85,000個村子，

There are close to 85,000 villages in Indonesia,

about 25,000 of them are located in and around forests.

其中約25,000個坐落在森林裡或者周邊。

每個村落都有著自身的複雜性和挑戰，

Each have their own complexities and challenges,

but each of them also has its own Sumini.

但每個村子裡，也都有著自己的「蘇米妮」。

我們要做的是找到她們，

It is up to us to find them,

work with them

和她們合作，

並投資她們。

and invest in them.

謝謝。

Thank you.