Lasting Conservation, Led by Indigenous Heritage | Adjany Costa | TED

翻译人员: JENNY SUN 校对人员: Yip Yan Yeung

Imagine if you live at the center of a global conservation spotlight,

想象一下，如果你生活在 全球保护焦点的中心，

but you have no voice.

但你却没有发言权。

Your aspirations are not valid,

你的愿望是无效的，

and your knowledge does not count.

你的知识也不算数。

Sadly, this happens very often in local communities of key ecosystems

可悲的是，这种情况经常发生在 主要生态系统的当地社区，

around the world.

遍及世界各地。

In conservation, my field of work,

在保护领域，也就是我的工作领域，

I call it community-based conservation washing,

我把它称为“以社区为基础的保护”清洗，

which is basically when conservation organizations

这基本上就是当保护组织

claim to work for communities

声称为社区工作，

only to inform and impose pre-designed conservation plans

只是为了告知和强制实行 预先设计好的保护计划，

instead of including them,

而不是将社区居民考虑在内，

misguiding media and funding sources.

这会误导媒体和资金支援。

Think of greenwashing, and then apply it to conservation.

想一想 “漂绿“， 然后将其应用于保护。

Hopefully we can all agree that approach is not right,

希望我们都能同意 这种做法是不对的，

and it needs to be tackled.

它需要被解决。

And how about we start

我们可不可以

by twisting classic community-based conservation questions upside down?

彻底颠覆以往基于社区的保护问题？

Say, instead of wondering how to bring science

与其琢磨如何把科学

and policy to communities,

和政策带入社区，

how about we find a way to bring the voice

不如我们找到一种方法， 把社区的声音

and centenary knowledge of communities to research and policy making?

和沉淀百年的知识带入 研究和政策制定中去？

But see, the answer to such questions is never a one-size-fits-all solution,

但是请注意，这种问题的答案从来都不是 一个放之四海而皆准的解决方案，

because it needs to be tailored to the unique environmental,

因为它需要根据每个社区独特的环境、

social and economic realities of each community.

社会和经济实际情况进行调整。

Let me give you some context.

让我给你一些背景信息。

I get to work in one of the most incredible wetland systems on Earth.

我曾经在地球上最不可思议的 湿地系统之一工作。

The sources of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation area,

卡万戈-赞比西河（Kavango Zambezi） 跨越边界保护区的发源地。

KAZA for short.

简称“卡赞”（KAZA）。

But now KAZA spreads through five countries

但现在，“卡赞”覆盖五个国家，

and is home to iconic African wildlife,

囊括非洲代表性的野生生态、

incredible landscapes, like the Okavango Delta,

美不胜收的风景， 如奥卡万戈（Okavango）三角洲，

and up to 2.5 million people.

和多达 250 万人口的家园。

Its sources in eastern Angola are the heart, the lungs

它在安哥拉（Angola）东部的源头是 整个“卡赞”的心脏、肺部

and the backbone of the entire KAZA,

和骨干，

yet they’re unprotected.

但它们却没有得到保护。

In one of the many research trips I've done to the area,

在我对该地区进行的 多次研究旅行中，

I met Mama Lerógio,

我遇到了 莱罗吉奥（Lerógio）女士，

the oldest lady of a Luchaze village,

卢卡兹（Luchaze）村 最年长的女士，

and she was genuinely surprised to still see me alive.

看到我还活着，她真的很惊讶。

She told me the story of the Mukissi,

她给我讲了 姆基斯（Mukissi）的故事，

this mythical, giant snake-like creature

神话中的巨蛇状生物，

that protects the rivers and thus life.

保护着河流，从而保护着生命。

And she told me that if the Mukissi spared me, my life,

她告诉我，如果姆基斯放过我， 我的生命，

after spending four months in dugout canoes

当我在独木舟上呆了四个月后，

from the sources to the Okavango delta in Botswana,

从源头到博茨瓦纳奥卡万戈三角洲，

it meant it trusted me.

这意味着它信任我。

And if it did, so could they, the Luchaze people.

如果是这样， 他们卢卡兹人也可以做到。

But see, most Luchaze children do not know of the Mukissi

但是，大多数卢卡兹的孩子 不知道姆基斯

or any other local tale.

或任何当地故事。

And that is because the 40-plus year-long war they have endured

这是因为他们所经历的 长达 40 多年的战争

has created a gap in storytelling

造成了讲故事方面的空白，

and has stripped away ownership of their heritage.

并剥夺了他们对传统的所有权。

So now the ancient wisdom,

因此，古老的智慧，

which is key to stewardship,

也就是管理工作的关键，

is locked in the older, disappearing generations.

被封闭在老一辈人身上， 消失在代代流传中。

And so we started this journey to bring back these stories

因此，我们开始了这个过程， 以找回这些故事，

as an effort to restore pride and ownership.

努力重拾自豪感 和曾经拥有的东西。

Oral storytelling has always played a fundamental role,

口口相传一直发挥着重要作用，

not only in African culture but in conservation efforts, too.

不仅在非洲文化中， 而且在保护工作中也是如此。

We also do mapping exercises

我们还进行绘图练习，

to help villagers visualize the influence and impact not only of their land,

来帮助村民直观了解其中的作用 和巨大影响，不仅是他们的土地，

but also of their daily actions beyond their geographic reach.

还有他们在地理范围以外的日常行动。

To give them a sense of importance

给他们一种被重视的感觉，

to counteract how they felt abandoned all these years.

以抵消他们这些年来被抛弃的感觉。

And we also help give them back the power of decision

我们还帮助他们重新获得决策权，

by instigating curiosity

通过激发他们尝试

on alternative livelihoods that they can trial on.

其他维持生计方式的好奇心。

All of this in an effort to bring back ownership of their heritage

所有这些努力都是为了 让他们重新拥有自己的遗产，

and make them stewards of their own land

使他们成为自己土地

and also of their own future.

和自己未来的管理者。

But see, through the years,

但是请看，通过这些年，

that trust that I've mentioned before, grew stronger.

我之前提到的那种信任， 变得越来越强。

So now they scold me, they teach, they feed, they protect me,

所以现在他们骂我，他们教我， 他们喂我，他们保护我，

they tell me secrets of their traditions.

他们告诉我他们传统的秘密。

Children tease me and call me names,

孩子们取笑我，给我起绰号，

but I will never be one of them.

但我永远不会成为他们中的一员。

And thus they will never fully, truly trust me.

因此，他们永远不会完全、 真正地信任我。

But that is the point of this whole talk.

但这正是整个演讲的重点。

They're not supposed to trust me, you

他们不应该相信我、你

or anyone else coming in with a grand plan to save the world.

或其他任何带着拯救世界的 宏伟计划而来的人。

They're supposed to trust themselves.

他们应该相信他们自己。

Real community-based conservation

真正的以社区为基础的保护

goes much beyond ensuring an elder has a ceremonial seat at the table

远远超出了确保长者在餐桌上 有一个礼仪性的席位

and is interviewed.

并接受采访。

It fosters fierce independence, doesn't further dependency.

它培养了强烈的独立性， 而不是进一步的依赖。

Lasting conservation comes from within.

持久的保护来自内部。

From believing, from belonging, from dreaming.

来自相信，来自归属感，来自梦想。

So whether you are a conservationist yourself

因此，无论你自己是环保主义者，

or a donor or a media outlet,

还是一个捐赠者或一个媒体机构，

or maybe just plain curious,

或者只是单纯的好奇，

let's be vessels for that,

让我们成为这方面的载体，

for stewardship, for ownership,

为了管理，为了所有权，

for pride.

为了自豪感。

Don’t just tick the boxes.

不要只是在方框里打勾。

Ask the difficult questions.

要问一些困难的问题。

And always wonder:

并始终思考。

Are we working for communities

我们是“为”社区工作

or with communities?

还是“与”社区一起工作？

Thank you.

谢谢你。

(Applause)

（掌声）