Lasting Conservation, Led by Indigenous Heritage | Adjany Costa | TED

譯者: Esther Lam 審譯者: Shelley Tsang 曾雯海

Imagine if you live at the center of a global conservation spotlight,

想像一下﹐ 你住在全球環境保育的中心

but you have no voice.

但你沒有話語權

Your aspirations are not valid,

你的願望不重要

and your knowledge does not count.

你的知識不算數。

Sadly, this happens very often in local communities of key ecosystems

令人遺憾的是，這在關鍵生態系統的 地方社區中經常發生

around the world.

全球各地都是如此。

In conservation, my field of work,

在我的環境保育工作領域

I call it community-based conservation washing,

我稱之為基於社區的保育大洗白

which is basically when conservation organizations

基本上是指保育組織

claim to work for communities

聲稱為社區服務

only to inform and impose pre-designed conservation plans

但卻只是告知和強加 預先設計好的保護計畫

instead of including them,

而非真正納入他們，

misguiding media and funding sources.

誤導媒體以及贊助者。

Think of greenwashing, and then apply it to conservation.

想想綠色洗白， 然後將其應用於保育。

Hopefully we can all agree that approach is not right,

希望我們都能認同 這種做法是錯誤的，

and it needs to be tackled.

而且需要加以解決。

And how about we start

不如讓我們試著

by twisting classic community-based conservation questions upside down?

可以從顛覆傳統的基於社區的 保育問題開始吧？

Say, instead of wondering how to bring science

與其想著如何將科學 與政策帶進社區

and policy to communities,

how about we find a way to bring the voice

何不找方法將社區的聲音

and centenary knowledge of communities to research and policy making?

和數百年來累積的知識 融入研究與政策制定

But see, the answer to such questions is never a one-size-fits-all solution,

但這個問題從來沒有 放之四海皆準的答案

because it needs to be tailored to the unique environmental,

因為它需要根據每個社區的 獨特環境、

social and economic realities of each community.

社會和經濟現實 進行量身定制。

Let me give you some context.

讓我給你們一些背景資訊。

I get to work in one of the most incredible wetland systems on Earth.

我有幸在地球上最令人難以置信的 濕地系統之一工作。

The sources of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation area,

卡萬戈-贊比西跨國保護區的源頭

KAZA for short.

簡稱KAZA。

But now KAZA spreads through five countries

但現在KAZA擴展到五個國家

and is home to iconic African wildlife,

並且是非洲野生動物的家園，

incredible landscapes, like the Okavango Delta,

不可思議的景觀， 如奧卡萬戈三角洲，

and up to 2.5 million people.

以及多達250萬人口。

Its sources in eastern Angola are the heart, the lungs

它在安哥拉東部的源頭 是整個KAZA的心臟、肺臟

and the backbone of the entire KAZA,

和支柱，

yet they’re unprotected.

但它們無人保護。

In one of the many research trips I've done to the area,

在我曾經進行的許多研究旅行中的一次，

I met Mama Lerógio,

我遇到了萊羅吉奧媽媽，

the oldest lady of a Luchaze village,

是盧查澤村莊中最年長的婦女，

and she was genuinely surprised to still see me alive.

她真的對我還活著感到驚訝。

She told me the story of the Mukissi,

她告訴我穆基西的故事，

this mythical, giant snake-like creature

這個神話般的巨大像蛇一樣的生物

that protects the rivers and thus life.

守護著河流，因此守護生命。

And she told me that if the Mukissi spared me, my life,

她告訴我，如果穆基西 讓我保留生命，

after spending four months in dugout canoes

在划著獨木舟四個月後，

from the sources to the Okavango delta in Botswana,

從源頭到波茨瓦納的奧卡萬戈三角洲，

it meant it trusted me.

這意味著它信任我。

And if it did, so could they, the Luchaze people.

如果它信任我，他們也會， 盧查澤人。

But see, most Luchaze children do not know of the Mukissi

但看，大多數盧查澤的孩子 不知道穆基西

or any other local tale.

或任何其他當地傳說。

And that is because the 40-plus year-long war they have endured

這是因為他們所忍受的40多年戰爭

has created a gap in storytelling

中斷了故事的傳遞

and has stripped away ownership of their heritage.

並剝奪了他們對自己遺產的所有權。

So now the ancient wisdom,

所以，現在古老智慧，

which is key to stewardship,

它對守護至關重要，

is locked in the older, disappearing generations.

但卻被困鎖在老一輩、 逐漸消失的世代中。

And so we started this journey to bring back these stories

因此，我們開始這個旅程， 去把這些故事重新帶回來

as an effort to restore pride and ownership.

以作為恢復自豪感和主人翁意識的努力。

Oral storytelling has always played a fundamental role,

口述故事在非洲文化中 一直扮演著基本角色，

not only in African culture but in conservation efforts, too.

不僅如此， 在保護工作中也是如此。

We also do mapping exercises

我們還進行了繪圖演練

to help villagers visualize the influence and impact not only of their land,

幫助村民直觀地了解他們的土地，

but also of their daily actions beyond their geographic reach.

以及他們超出其地理範圍的日常行為 的影響。

To give them a sense of importance

給他們一種重要感，

to counteract how they felt abandoned all these years.

以抵消多年來他們所感受到的 被遺棄感。

And we also help give them back the power of decision

我們還幫助他們重新獲得 決策的權力

by instigating curiosity

透過激發他們

on alternative livelihoods that they can trial on.

對可以嘗試替代生計的好奇心。

All of this in an effort to bring back ownership of their heritage

所有這些努力都是為了 恢復他們遺產的所有權

and make them stewards of their own land

讓他們成為自己土地

and also of their own future.

和未來的管家。

But see, through the years,

但看，多年來，

that trust that I've mentioned before, grew stronger.

我之前提到的那種信任， 變得更加堅固。

So now they scold me, they teach, they feed, they protect me,

所以現在他們責備我，教導我， 餵食我，保護我，

they tell me secrets of their traditions.

他們告訴我他們傳統的秘密。

Children tease me and call me names,

孩子們嘲笑我，給我起綽號，

but I will never be one of them.

但我永遠不會成為他們中的一員。

And thus they will never fully, truly trust me.

因此，他們永遠不會 完全、真正地信任我。

But that is the point of this whole talk.

但這正是整個演講的重點。

They're not supposed to trust me, you

他們不應該信任我，你

or anyone else coming in with a grand plan to save the world.

或者任何帶著拯救世界的宏偉計劃 而來的人。

They're supposed to trust themselves.

他們應該信任他們自己。

Real community-based conservation

真正的基於社區的保育

goes much beyond ensuring an elder has a ceremonial seat at the table

遠遠超出確保一位長者 在桌邊有一個儀式座位

and is interviewed.

並接受採訪。

It fosters fierce independence, doesn't further dependency.

它培養了強烈的獨立性， 而不是進一步的依賴性。

Lasting conservation comes from within.

持久的保育來自內在。

From believing, from belonging, from dreaming.

從相信，從歸屬、從夢想開始。

So whether you are a conservationist yourself

所以無論你是 一位保育主義者

or a donor or a media outlet,

或是捐助者或媒體機構，

or maybe just plain curious,

或者只是單純好奇，

let's be vessels for that,

讓我們成為那個容器，

for stewardship, for ownership,

為管理、為擁有權，

for pride.

為自豪感。

Don’t just tick the boxes.

不要只是打勾。

Ask the difficult questions.

提出困難的問題。

And always wonder:

並且時刻思考：

Are we working for communities

我們是在為社區工作

or with communities?

]還是與社區合作？

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）