Ruby Sales: How we can start to heal the pain of racial division | TED

39,869 views ・ 2019-03-12

TED


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00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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翻译人员: Maggie Wang 校对人员: Tianji (Homer) Li
00:13
I want to share with you
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我想和你们分享
00:17
a moment in my life
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在我生命里
00:20
when the hurt and wounds of racism
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一次被种族歧视
00:25
were both deadly and paralyzing for me.
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伤害、折磨到发狂的经历。
00:32
And I think what I've learned
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我觉得我从中学到的,
00:35
can be a source of healing for all of us.
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也可以成为治愈我们 所有人的解药。
00:41
When I was 17 years old,
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在我17岁时,
00:47
I was a college student at Tuskegee University,
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我是塔斯基吉大学的一名学生,
00:54
and I was a worker in the Southern freedom movement,
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我也是南方解放运动的一员,
00:59
which we call the Civil Rights Movement.
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我们称之为民权运动。
01:05
During this time,
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在这段时间里,
01:08
I met another young 26-year-old,
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我遇到了另一个只有26岁的
01:14
white seminary and college student
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白人大学生。
01:17
named Jonathan Daniels, from Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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他叫乔纳森·丹尼尔斯, 来自马萨诸塞州剑桥市
01:22
He and I
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他和我
01:24
were both part of a generation of idealistic young people,
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都是年轻的理想主义者,
01:31
whose life has been ignited
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我们的生命
01:35
by the freedom fire
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都被那自由之火点亮
01:37
that ordinary black people were spreading around the nation
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普普通通的黑人们在 国内传播自由的信念
01:42
and throughout the South.
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响彻了整个南方。
01:46
We had come to Lowndes County
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为了参加运动
01:50
to work in the movement.
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我们来到朗兹县。
01:53
And it was a nonviolent movement
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那是个非暴力运动
01:56
to redeem the souls of America.
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为了救赎美国的灵魂。
02:00
We believe that everyone,
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我们相信每一个人
02:04
both black and white,
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不论是白人还是黑人,
02:07
people in the South,
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身处南方的人,
02:09
could find a redemptive pathway
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可以找到一条救赎之路
02:13
out of the stranglehold of racism
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走出种族主义的束缚
02:16
that had gripped them for more than 400 years.
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走出400多年来对他们的禁锢。
02:24
And on a hot, summer day in August,
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在一个炎热的、8月份的某天,
02:29
Jonathan and I joined a demonstration
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乔纳森和我
02:33
of local young black people,
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一起参与了当地年轻黑人的示威,
02:36
who were protesting the exploitation
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他们对黑佃农被剥削一事
02:40
[of] black sharecroppers
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提出抗议,
02:45
by rich land holders who cheated them out of their money.
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富有的地主们克扣了 佃农的工资。
02:54
We decided to demonstrate alongside them.
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我们决定同他们一起示威。
02:59
And on the morning that we showed up for the demonstration,
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在我们参加示威的那个早晨,
03:04
we were met with a mob of howling white men
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我们遇到了一群 大喊大叫的白人
03:09
with baseball bats, shotguns
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他们拿着棒球棍和猎枪
03:15
and any weapon that you could imagine.
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以及你能想到的所有凶器。
03:18
And they were threatening to kill us.
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他们威胁要杀了我们。
03:22
And the sheriff, seeing the danger that we faced,
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然而警长在看到这危险的一幕后,
03:28
arrested us and put us on a garbage truck
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逮捕了我们,还把 我们扔进垃圾车
03:33
and took us to the local jail,
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把我们带回当地的监狱,
03:37
where we were put in cells
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我们被关进牢房
03:41
with the most inhumane conditions you can imagine.
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忍受着你无法想象的恶劣条件。
03:46
And we were threatened by the jailers
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我们被狱警胁迫,
03:51
with drinking water that came from toilets.
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喝厕所里的水。
03:59
We were finally released on the sixth day,
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六天后,我们终于被释放,
没有任何通知和征兆。
04:05
without any knowledge, without any forewarning.
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04:09
Just out of the clear blue sky,
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就在一无所知的情况下,
04:11
we were made to leave.
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我们被迫离开。
04:14
And we knew that this was a dangerous sign,
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我们都感觉到危险将要来临,
04:18
because Goodman, Schwerner and Chaney had also been forced to leave jail
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因为之前古德曼,施沃纳和钱尼 也被强制离开,
04:24
and were murdered because no one knew what had happened to them.
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他们都被杀害了, 因为没有人知道他们经历了什么。
04:29
And so, despite our fervent resistance,
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即使我们强烈抵抗,
04:35
the sheriff made us leave the jail,
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警长还是要求我们离开,
04:38
and of course, nobody was waiting for us.
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当然,没有人在监狱外迎接我们。
04:44
It was hot,
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那天真热,
04:48
one of those Southern days
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南方的天就是那样,
04:50
where you could literally feel the pavement --
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你能真切的感觉到
马路上渗出的蒸汽,
04:54
the vapor seeping out of the pavement.
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05:00
And the group of about 14 of us
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我们一行14人
05:05
selected Jonathan Daniels,
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选了乔纳森·丹尼尔斯,
05:09
Father Morrisroe, who had recently come to the county,
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刚来这个郡的莫里斯神父。
05:13
Joyce Bailey, a local 17-year-old girl
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一个当地的17岁的女孩, 乔伊斯·贝利,
05:19
and I to go and get the drinks.
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还有我,一起去找点水喝。
05:23
When we got to the door,
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当我们走到门口,
05:26
a white man was standing in the doorway with a shotgun,
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一个白人拿着猎枪站在门口,
05:30
and he said, "Bitch, I'll blow your brains out!"
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他嚷着,“贱人, 我要打爆你的脑子!”
05:36
And before I could even react,
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就在我还没反应过来的时候,
05:39
before I could even process what was going on,
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我甚至没搞清楚发生了什么,
05:43
Jonathan intentionally pulled my blouse,
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乔纳森有意地扯了我的外套,
05:48
and I fell back, thinking that I was dead.
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然后我摔倒了,以为自己死了。
05:53
And in that instant, when I looked up,
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就在那一刻,当我抬头看时,
05:56
Jonathan Daniels was standing in the line of fire,
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乔纳森·丹尼尔斯站在火光中,
06:01
and he took the blast,
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他被击中了,
06:04
and he saved my life.
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他救了我的命。
06:15
I was so traumatized
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我被这件事彻底的 打击和折磨,
06:19
and paralyzed by that event,
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受到深深的伤害,
06:24
where Tom Coleman deliberately,
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汤姆·科尔曼在那里从容不迫的,
06:30
with malicious intent,
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带着恶毒的敌意,
06:33
killed my beloved friend and colleague,
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杀了我挚爱的朋友和同事,
06:37
Jonathan Myrick Daniels.
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乔纳森 · 迈里克 · 丹尼尔斯。
06:47
On that day,
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就在那一天,
06:50
which was one of the most important days in my life,
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我生命中最重要的一天,
06:54
I saw both love and hate
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我同时看见了爱和恨
06:58
coming from two very different white men
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来自完全不同的两个白人
07:02
that represented the best and the worst of white America.
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代表着美国白人最善良 和最糟糕的两面。
07:10
So deep was my hurt
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我的伤如此之痛,
07:12
at seeing Tom Coleman murder Jonathan before my eyes,
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看见汤姆·科尔曼在我 面前杀死了乔纳森,
07:17
that I became a silent person,
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从此我变得沉默寡言,
07:20
and I did not speak
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之后六个月
07:23
for six months.
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我再没有说过话。
07:28
I finally learned to touch that hurt in me
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当我尝试触碰心里的伤痛,
07:33
as I became older
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是在我又长大了一些的时候。
07:35
and began to talk about the Southern freedom movement,
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我开始和别人说起南方自由运动,
07:40
and began to connect my stories
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我也开始将我的故事
07:42
with the stories of my other colleagues and freedom fighters,
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和我其他同事、解放者们 的故事连接在一起,
07:48
who, like me, had faced deadly trauma of racism,
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他们也和我一样, 面对种族主义带来的死亡之痛,
07:54
and who had lost friends along the way,
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他们有一些在过程中 失去了朋友,
07:57
and who themselves have been beaten and thrown in jail.
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也有些人曾遭受暴力袭击 或被扔进监狱。
08:07
It is 50 years later.
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50年过去了。
08:13
Many people were beaten and thrown in jail.
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有很多人被暴力袭击 或者扔进监狱。
08:18
Others were murdered like Jonathan Daniels.
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还有一些人像乔纳森 · 丹尼尔斯一样 死去了。
08:22
And yet, we are still, as a nation,
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然而,作为一个国家,
08:27
mired down
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我们仍然沉浸在 种族主义的流沙中,
08:30
in the quicksand of racism.
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无法自拔。
08:38
And everywhere I go around the nation,
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当我走过祖国的每一处角落,
08:42
I see and hear the hurt.
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我都能看见、听见那种伤痛。
08:47
And I ask people everywhere,
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我问各地的人,
08:49
"Tell me, where does it hurt?"
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“告诉我,到底是哪里在痛?”
08:53
Do you see and feel the hurt
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你能和我一样,
08:57
that I see and feel?
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看见或者感受到那种痛吗?
09:01
I feel and see the hurt in black and brown people
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我感受到、也能看到, 黑皮肤以及棕皮肤
09:07
who every day feel the vicious volley of racism
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他们每天都会感受到 种族主义恶毒的霸凌
09:16
and every day have their civil and human rights stripped away.
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每天都在剥夺他们的 公民权利和人权。
09:22
And the people who do this use stereotypes and myths
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而那些人用着同一套模式和方法
09:27
to justify doing it.
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证明他们没有错。
09:33
Everywhere I go,
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我去的每个地方,
09:36
I see and hear women
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我看见和听见女人们
09:43
who speak out against --
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大声控诉着 --
09:46
who speak out against men who invade our bodies.
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控诉着一些男人们 侵犯了我们的身体。
09:52
These same men who then turn around --
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这些男人一转身 --
09:56
the same men who promote racism
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同样是他们,又宣扬了种族主义
09:59
and then turn around and steal our labor and pay us unequal wages.
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然后掉过头又去剥削我们的劳力, 付给我们不公平的薪水。
10:07
I hear and feel the hurt of white men
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我听见和看见了白人男性
10:11
at the betrayal by the same powerful white men
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被同样更强大的 白人背叛和伤害
10:16
who tell them that their skin color
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他们说他们皮肤的颜色
10:20
is their ticket to a good life and power,
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是幸福和权利的通行证,
10:24
only to discover,
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只要去发现,
10:27
as the circle of whiteness narrows,
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当白色文化的程度变小
10:30
that their tickets have expired
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他们的通行证也过期了,
10:33
and no longer carry first-class status.
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也再不能享受头等舱的待遇了。
10:39
Now that we've touched the hurt,
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现在我们触碰到了伤痛,
10:42
we must ask ourselves,
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我们必须问自己,
10:45
"Where does it hurt
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“到底是哪里在痛”
10:48
and what is the source of the hurt?"
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“痛苦来自哪里?”
10:55
I propose that we must look
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我提议必须深入了解
11:00
deeply into the culture of whiteness.
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“白色文化”的本质
11:04
That is a river that drowns out all of our identities
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那是一条淹没了我们 所有特征的河流
11:09
and drowns us in false uniformity to protect the status quo.
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让我们在虚假的 和谐中维持现状。
11:16
Notice, everybody, I said culture of whiteness,
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请注意,所有人, 我说的“白色”文化。
11:21
and not white people.
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不是“白人”。
11:24
Because in my estimation,
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因为在我看来,
11:27
the problem is not white people.
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问题不是出在白人身上,
11:30
Instead, it is the culture of whiteness.
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相反,是“白色文化”的问题。
11:34
And by culture of whiteness,
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当我说白色文化时,
11:35
I mean a systemic and organized set of beliefs,
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我指的是一套 系统的、有组织的信念,
11:41
values, canonized knowledge and even religion,
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是价值观,规范化的知识, 甚至是宗教,
11:49
to maintain a hierarchical, over-and-against power structure
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来维持一个层次上的、 坚不可摧的权力结构,
11:55
based on skin color, against people of color.
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驾凌在肤色之上, 反对一切非白人种族。
12:03
It is a culture
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这是一种文化,
12:08
where white people are seen as necessary and friendly insiders,
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当白人被看成重要的、 友好的自己人,
12:15
while people of color, especially black people,
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而非白人人种,特别是黑人,
12:19
are seen as dangerous
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被看做是危险的,
12:23
and threatening outsiders,
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有威胁的外来人,
12:26
who pose a clear and present danger
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给白色文化
12:29
to the safety and the efficacy
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制造了迫在眉睫的危机,
12:35
of the culture of whiteness.
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带来安全性和有序性的威胁。
12:44
Listen to me and see if you can imagine
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听我的描述,看看 你们是否能想象
12:49
the culture of whiteness as a dehumanizing process
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白色文化作为一种 非人性化的过程
12:54
that melts away
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消融了我们
12:56
all of our multiple and interlocking identities,
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所有的多样性和独特性,
13:02
such as race, class, gender and sexualities,
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比如种族、阶级、 社会和自然性别,
13:07
so that ...
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就为了 ...
13:10
so that unity is maintained for power.
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为了能维持权力的统一。
13:18
I believe, because I know
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我相信,因为我知道
13:22
and believe that the culture of whiteness
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我相信白色文化
13:27
is a social construct.
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是一种社会结构。
13:32
Each of us, from birth to death,
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我们每一个人, 从出生到死亡,
13:36
are socialized in this culture.
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都与这文化打交道。
13:39
And it marks people of color also.
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它也在影响着非白人族群。
13:42
And it makes people of color, like white people,
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它让非白人人种,像白人一样,
13:47
vote against our interests.
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投票反对我们自己的权益。
13:57
Some of you might ask --
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你们可能会问 --
13:58
and my students always tell me I give hard assignments --
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我的学生总说我 给他们出难题 --
14:02
some of you might ask, and rightfully so,
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你们可能会问,当然会问,
14:07
"How do we fix this?
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“我们该怎么修正?
14:10
It seems so all-powerful and overwhelming."
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它看起来是如此的 强大、如此势不可挡。”
14:16
I believe that we must fix it,
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我坚信我们必须修正这一切,
14:20
because we cannot humanize our future
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因为我们无法让我们的 未来更人性化
14:23
if we continue to be complicit
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如果我们继续与这种白色文化
14:27
with the culture of whiteness.
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串通一气的话。
14:30
Each of us must connect with our authentic selves,
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我们每一个人,都必须与 我们真实的自己相连,
14:36
with our authentic ethnic selves.
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和我们自己真实的种族相连。
14:39
And we must connect with the other aspects of our identities.
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我们也必须与我们身份的 其他方面联系起来。
14:44
And we must move out of the constructs
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我们必须走出这种
14:48
of whiteness, brownness and blackness
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只有白人、棕皮肤人和 黑人组成的结构,
14:53
to become who we are at our fullest.
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然后完完全全成为 我们真正的自己。
15:02
How do we do this?
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我们该怎么做?
15:05
I believe that we do this through our collective narratives.
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我相信我们要通过集体性的 叙述来做到这一点。
15:10
And our collective narratives must contain our individual stories,
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而我们的叙述中必须 包含我们每个人的故事,
15:16
the arts,
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艺术,
15:18
spiritual reflections,
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灵魂反思,
15:22
literature,
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文学,
15:26
and yes, even drumming.
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对了,当然还有打鼓。
15:28
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
15:32
It must be a collective telling,
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一定是一些连续性的讲述,
15:35
because individual stories just create a paradigm
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因为个人的故事只是一个个例
15:39
where we are pitting one story against another story.
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我们可以用一个故事 来反驳另一个故事。
15:49
These different models that I have talked about tonight
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我今晚讲的这些不同的案例,
15:54
I think are essential to providing us a pathway
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我觉得足以为我们提供一条路径
15:59
out of the quagmire of racism.
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来走出种族主义的泥潭。
16:03
And I want to talk about another very important model.
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我想再说说另一个 非常重要的方向。
16:08
And that is redemption.
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那就是救赎。
16:12
I believe that movements for racial justice
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我认为种族平等运动
16:17
must be redemptive rather than punitive.
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必须是救赎而不是牺牲。
16:22
And yes, I believe
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是的,
我们必须为每个人 提供救赎的可能。
16:25
that we must provide the possibility of redemption for everyone.
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16:30
And we must be willing,
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我们必须保有意愿
16:32
despite some of the vitriolic language
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尽管有些刻薄的言论
16:36
that might come from those very people who oppress us,
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这可能来自那些压迫我们的人,
16:41
I think that we must listen to them
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我觉得我们必须听他们说完
16:46
and try to figure out where do they hurt.
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然后尝试理解他们 在哪里受了伤。
16:50
We must do this, I believe,
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我们必须这么做。我坚信,
16:52
because our redemption is tied into their redemption,
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因为我们的救赎与 他们的救赎是相连的,
16:57
And we will not be free
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如果我们一直徘徊在 无法挽回的愤怒中,
17:00
until we've all been redeemed from unredemptive anger.
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我们永远无法获得自由。
17:14
The challenge is not easy.
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这挑战很难。
17:17
And in a technological society, it grows even more complicated,
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在科技时代,这甚至 变得更加复杂,
17:22
because often we use technologies
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因为我们常常用科技
17:25
to perpetuate the very values of racism that we indulge in every day.
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让自己每天都沉溺于 种族主义的价值观。
17:33
We use technology to bully,
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我们用科技去霸凌,
17:37
to perpetuate hate speech
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去滥用暴力言论
17:40
and to degrade each other's humanities.
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削弱别人的人性。
17:45
And so I believe that if we're going to humanize the future,
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所以我相信如果我们要 让未来变得更加人性化,
17:49
we must design ways to use technology
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我们必须设计一种 依靠科技的方法,
17:52
not to degrade us, but to elevate us
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不是削弱,而是提升自己
17:56
so that we can live into the fullest of our capacities.
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我们才能充分发挥我们的能力。
18:00
And I believe that technology
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我也相信科技
18:03
must provide us larger vistas
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肯定会为我们提供更大的前景,
18:07
so that we might engage with each other
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让我们能够在每一天都能互相合作
18:10
and move beyond the segregated spaces that we live in, every day of our lives.
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跨越如今种族隔离所造成的裂隙。
18:17
I believe
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我相信
18:21
that we can achieve this if we set our minds
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如果我们下定决心 并保有信心,
18:27
and hopes on the prize.
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就一定可以做到。
18:32
The question before us tonight
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我们今晚开始前的问题
18:37
is very serious.
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是非常严肃的。
18:40
It is: "Do you want to be healed?
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这问题是 “你是否希望被治愈?”
18:45
Do you want to be healed?"
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“你是否希望被治愈?”
18:49
Do you want to become whole and live into all of your identities?
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你是否想完完整整的 活出最真实的自己?
18:54
Or do you want to continue to cannibalize your multiple identities
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还是你想继续被 多重身份支配
19:01
and privilege one identity over the other?
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每次活在不同的身份中?
19:07
Do you want to join a long line
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你想不想加入这条长长的队伍,
19:12
of generations of people
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和一群相信美国
19:15
who believed in the promise of America
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并坚信能建立民主的
19:19
and had the faith to upbuild democracy?
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年轻人们一起。
19:28
Do you want to live into the fullest of your potential?
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你想活出最大价值和潜力吗?
19:33
I certainly do.
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我当然是想的。
19:35
And I believe you do, too.
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我相信你们也是一样的。
19:39
Let me just say, quite seriously,
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要我说,说真的,
19:44
I believe in you.
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我相信你们。
19:47
And despite everything,
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无论如何,
19:49
I still believe in America.
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我仍然相信美利坚。
19:55
I hope that this offering that I've given to you tonight,
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我希望今晚我给大家 带来的这些内容,
19:59
that I've shared with you tonight,
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今晚与你们分享的这些,
20:01
will provide redemptive pathways
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可以提供一些救赎的路径,
20:05
so that you might claim the fullest of your identity
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这样你们就可以 承认完整的自己,
20:10
and become a major participant
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然后成为主要的参与者,
20:13
in humanizing not only the future for yourselves,
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不仅是为了让自己的 未来更人性化,
20:18
but also for our democracy.
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更是为了我们这个民族。
20:21
Thank you.
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谢谢你们。
20:22
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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