Ruby Sales: How we can start to heal the pain of racial division | TED

Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

翻译人员: Maggie Wang 校对人员: Tianji (Homer) Li

I want to share with you

我想和你们分享

a moment in my life

在我生命里

when the hurt and wounds of racism

一次被种族歧视

were both deadly and paralyzing for me.

伤害、折磨到发狂的经历。

And I think what I've learned

我觉得我从中学到的，

can be a source of healing for all of us.

也可以成为治愈我们 所有人的解药。

When I was 17 years old,

在我17岁时，

I was a college student at Tuskegee University,

我是塔斯基吉大学的一名学生，

and I was a worker in the Southern freedom movement,

我也是南方解放运动的一员，

which we call the Civil Rights Movement.

我们称之为民权运动。

During this time,

在这段时间里，

I met another young 26-year-old,

我遇到了另一个只有26岁的

white seminary and college student

白人大学生。

named Jonathan Daniels, from Cambridge, Massachusetts.

他叫乔纳森·丹尼尔斯， 来自马萨诸塞州剑桥市

He and I

他和我

were both part of a generation of idealistic young people,

都是年轻的理想主义者，

whose life has been ignited

我们的生命

by the freedom fire

都被那自由之火点亮

that ordinary black people were spreading around the nation

普普通通的黑人们在 国内传播自由的信念

and throughout the South.

响彻了整个南方。

We had come to Lowndes County

为了参加运动

to work in the movement.

我们来到朗兹县。

And it was a nonviolent movement

那是个非暴力运动

to redeem the souls of America.

为了救赎美国的灵魂。

We believe that everyone,

我们相信每一个人

both black and white,

不论是白人还是黑人，

people in the South,

身处南方的人，

could find a redemptive pathway

可以找到一条救赎之路

out of the stranglehold of racism

走出种族主义的束缚

that had gripped them for more than 400 years.

走出400多年来对他们的禁锢。

And on a hot, summer day in August,

在一个炎热的、8月份的某天，

Jonathan and I joined a demonstration

乔纳森和我

of local young black people,

一起参与了当地年轻黑人的示威，

who were protesting the exploitation

他们对黑佃农被剥削一事

[of] black sharecroppers

提出抗议，

by rich land holders who cheated them out of their money.

富有的地主们克扣了 佃农的工资。

We decided to demonstrate alongside them.

我们决定同他们一起示威。

And on the morning that we showed up for the demonstration,

在我们参加示威的那个早晨，

we were met with a mob of howling white men

我们遇到了一群 大喊大叫的白人

with baseball bats, shotguns

他们拿着棒球棍和猎枪

and any weapon that you could imagine.

以及你能想到的所有凶器。

And they were threatening to kill us.

他们威胁要杀了我们。

And the sheriff, seeing the danger that we faced,

然而警长在看到这危险的一幕后，

arrested us and put us on a garbage truck

逮捕了我们，还把 我们扔进垃圾车

and took us to the local jail,

把我们带回当地的监狱，

where we were put in cells

我们被关进牢房

with the most inhumane conditions you can imagine.

忍受着你无法想象的恶劣条件。

And we were threatened by the jailers

我们被狱警胁迫，

with drinking water that came from toilets.

喝厕所里的水。

We were finally released on the sixth day,

六天后，我们终于被释放，

没有任何通知和征兆。

without any knowledge, without any forewarning.

Just out of the clear blue sky,

就在一无所知的情况下，

we were made to leave.

我们被迫离开。

And we knew that this was a dangerous sign,

我们都感觉到危险将要来临，

because Goodman, Schwerner and Chaney had also been forced to leave jail

因为之前古德曼，施沃纳和钱尼 也被强制离开，

and were murdered because no one knew what had happened to them.

他们都被杀害了， 因为没有人知道他们经历了什么。

And so, despite our fervent resistance,

即使我们强烈抵抗，

the sheriff made us leave the jail,

警长还是要求我们离开，

and of course, nobody was waiting for us.

当然，没有人在监狱外迎接我们。

It was hot,

那天真热，

one of those Southern days

南方的天就是那样，

where you could literally feel the pavement --

你能真切的感觉到

马路上渗出的蒸汽，

the vapor seeping out of the pavement.

And the group of about 14 of us

我们一行14人

selected Jonathan Daniels,

选了乔纳森·丹尼尔斯,

Father Morrisroe, who had recently come to the county,

刚来这个郡的莫里斯神父。

Joyce Bailey, a local 17-year-old girl

一个当地的17岁的女孩， 乔伊斯·贝利，

and I to go and get the drinks.

还有我，一起去找点水喝。

When we got to the door,

当我们走到门口，

a white man was standing in the doorway with a shotgun,

一个白人拿着猎枪站在门口，

and he said, "Bitch, I'll blow your brains out!"

他嚷着，“贱人， 我要打爆你的脑子！”

And before I could even react,

就在我还没反应过来的时候，

before I could even process what was going on,

我甚至没搞清楚发生了什么，

Jonathan intentionally pulled my blouse,

乔纳森有意地扯了我的外套，

and I fell back, thinking that I was dead.

然后我摔倒了，以为自己死了。

And in that instant, when I looked up,

就在那一刻，当我抬头看时，

Jonathan Daniels was standing in the line of fire,

乔纳森·丹尼尔斯站在火光中，

and he took the blast,

他被击中了，

and he saved my life.

他救了我的命。

I was so traumatized

我被这件事彻底的 打击和折磨，

and paralyzed by that event,

受到深深的伤害，

where Tom Coleman deliberately,

汤姆·科尔曼在那里从容不迫的，

with malicious intent,

带着恶毒的敌意，

killed my beloved friend and colleague,

杀了我挚爱的朋友和同事，

Jonathan Myrick Daniels.

乔纳森 · 迈里克 · 丹尼尔斯。

On that day,

就在那一天，

which was one of the most important days in my life,

我生命中最重要的一天，

I saw both love and hate

我同时看见了爱和恨

coming from two very different white men

来自完全不同的两个白人

that represented the best and the worst of white America.

代表着美国白人最善良 和最糟糕的两面。

So deep was my hurt

我的伤如此之痛，

at seeing Tom Coleman murder Jonathan before my eyes,

看见汤姆·科尔曼在我 面前杀死了乔纳森，

that I became a silent person,

从此我变得沉默寡言，

and I did not speak

之后六个月

for six months.

我再没有说过话。

I finally learned to touch that hurt in me

当我尝试触碰心里的伤痛，

as I became older

是在我又长大了一些的时候。

and began to talk about the Southern freedom movement,

我开始和别人说起南方自由运动，

and began to connect my stories

我也开始将我的故事

with the stories of my other colleagues and freedom fighters,

和我其他同事、解放者们 的故事连接在一起，

who, like me, had faced deadly trauma of racism,

他们也和我一样， 面对种族主义带来的死亡之痛，

and who had lost friends along the way,

他们有一些在过程中 失去了朋友，

and who themselves have been beaten and thrown in jail.

也有些人曾遭受暴力袭击 或被扔进监狱。

It is 50 years later.

50年过去了。

Many people were beaten and thrown in jail.

有很多人被暴力袭击 或者扔进监狱。

Others were murdered like Jonathan Daniels.

还有一些人像乔纳森 · 丹尼尔斯一样 死去了。

And yet, we are still, as a nation,

然而，作为一个国家，

mired down

我们仍然沉浸在 种族主义的流沙中，

in the quicksand of racism.

无法自拔。

And everywhere I go around the nation,

当我走过祖国的每一处角落，

I see and hear the hurt.

我都能看见、听见那种伤痛。

And I ask people everywhere,

我问各地的人，

"Tell me, where does it hurt?"

“告诉我，到底是哪里在痛？”

Do you see and feel the hurt

你能和我一样，

that I see and feel?

看见或者感受到那种痛吗？

I feel and see the hurt in black and brown people

我感受到、也能看到， 黑皮肤以及棕皮肤

who every day feel the vicious volley of racism

他们每天都会感受到 种族主义恶毒的霸凌

and every day have their civil and human rights stripped away.

每天都在剥夺他们的 公民权利和人权。

And the people who do this use stereotypes and myths

而那些人用着同一套模式和方法

to justify doing it.

证明他们没有错。

Everywhere I go,

我去的每个地方，

I see and hear women

我看见和听见女人们

who speak out against --

大声控诉着 --

who speak out against men who invade our bodies.

控诉着一些男人们 侵犯了我们的身体。

These same men who then turn around --

这些男人一转身 --

the same men who promote racism

同样是他们，又宣扬了种族主义

and then turn around and steal our labor and pay us unequal wages.

然后掉过头又去剥削我们的劳力， 付给我们不公平的薪水。

I hear and feel the hurt of white men

我听见和看见了白人男性

at the betrayal by the same powerful white men

被同样更强大的 白人背叛和伤害

who tell them that their skin color

他们说他们皮肤的颜色

is their ticket to a good life and power,

是幸福和权利的通行证，

only to discover,

只要去发现，

as the circle of whiteness narrows,

当白色文化的程度变小

that their tickets have expired

他们的通行证也过期了，

and no longer carry first-class status.

也再不能享受头等舱的待遇了。

Now that we've touched the hurt,

现在我们触碰到了伤痛，

we must ask ourselves,

我们必须问自己，

"Where does it hurt

“到底是哪里在痛”

and what is the source of the hurt?"

“痛苦来自哪里？”

I propose that we must look

我提议必须深入了解

deeply into the culture of whiteness.

“白色文化”的本质

That is a river that drowns out all of our identities

那是一条淹没了我们 所有特征的河流

and drowns us in false uniformity to protect the status quo.

让我们在虚假的 和谐中维持现状。

Notice, everybody, I said culture of whiteness,

请注意，所有人， 我说的“白色”文化。

and not white people.

不是“白人”。

Because in my estimation,

因为在我看来，

the problem is not white people.

问题不是出在白人身上，

Instead, it is the culture of whiteness.

相反，是“白色文化”的问题。

And by culture of whiteness,

当我说白色文化时，

I mean a systemic and organized set of beliefs,

我指的是一套 系统的、有组织的信念，

values, canonized knowledge and even religion,

是价值观，规范化的知识， 甚至是宗教，

to maintain a hierarchical, over-and-against power structure

来维持一个层次上的、 坚不可摧的权力结构，

based on skin color, against people of color.

驾凌在肤色之上， 反对一切非白人种族。

It is a culture

这是一种文化，

where white people are seen as necessary and friendly insiders,

当白人被看成重要的、 友好的自己人，

while people of color, especially black people,

而非白人人种，特别是黑人，

are seen as dangerous

被看做是危险的，

and threatening outsiders,

有威胁的外来人，

who pose a clear and present danger

给白色文化

to the safety and the efficacy

制造了迫在眉睫的危机，

of the culture of whiteness.

带来安全性和有序性的威胁。

Listen to me and see if you can imagine

听我的描述，看看 你们是否能想象

the culture of whiteness as a dehumanizing process

白色文化作为一种 非人性化的过程

that melts away

消融了我们

all of our multiple and interlocking identities,

所有的多样性和独特性，

such as race, class, gender and sexualities,

比如种族、阶级、 社会和自然性别，

so that ...

就为了 ...

so that unity is maintained for power.

为了能维持权力的统一。

I believe, because I know

我相信，因为我知道

and believe that the culture of whiteness

我相信白色文化

is a social construct.

是一种社会结构。

Each of us, from birth to death,

我们每一个人， 从出生到死亡，

are socialized in this culture.

都与这文化打交道。

And it marks people of color also.

它也在影响着非白人族群。

And it makes people of color, like white people,

它让非白人人种，像白人一样，

vote against our interests.

投票反对我们自己的权益。

Some of you might ask --

你们可能会问 --

and my students always tell me I give hard assignments --

我的学生总说我 给他们出难题 --

some of you might ask, and rightfully so,

你们可能会问，当然会问，

"How do we fix this?

“我们该怎么修正？

It seems so all-powerful and overwhelming."

它看起来是如此的 强大、如此势不可挡。”

I believe that we must fix it,

我坚信我们必须修正这一切，

because we cannot humanize our future

因为我们无法让我们的 未来更人性化

if we continue to be complicit

如果我们继续与这种白色文化

with the culture of whiteness.

串通一气的话。

Each of us must connect with our authentic selves,

我们每一个人，都必须与 我们真实的自己相连，

with our authentic ethnic selves.

和我们自己真实的种族相连。

And we must connect with the other aspects of our identities.

我们也必须与我们身份的 其他方面联系起来。

And we must move out of the constructs

我们必须走出这种

of whiteness, brownness and blackness

只有白人、棕皮肤人和 黑人组成的结构，

to become who we are at our fullest.

然后完完全全成为 我们真正的自己。

How do we do this?

我们该怎么做？

I believe that we do this through our collective narratives.

我相信我们要通过集体性的 叙述来做到这一点。

And our collective narratives must contain our individual stories,

而我们的叙述中必须 包含我们每个人的故事，

the arts,

艺术，

spiritual reflections,

灵魂反思，

literature,

文学，

and yes, even drumming.

对了，当然还有打鼓。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It must be a collective telling,

一定是一些连续性的讲述，

because individual stories just create a paradigm

因为个人的故事只是一个个例

where we are pitting one story against another story.

我们可以用一个故事 来反驳另一个故事。

These different models that I have talked about tonight

我今晚讲的这些不同的案例，

I think are essential to providing us a pathway

我觉得足以为我们提供一条路径

out of the quagmire of racism.

来走出种族主义的泥潭。

And I want to talk about another very important model.

我想再说说另一个 非常重要的方向。

And that is redemption.

那就是救赎。

I believe that movements for racial justice

我认为种族平等运动

must be redemptive rather than punitive.

必须是救赎而不是牺牲。

And yes, I believe

是的，

我们必须为每个人 提供救赎的可能。

that we must provide the possibility of redemption for everyone.

And we must be willing,

我们必须保有意愿

despite some of the vitriolic language

尽管有些刻薄的言论

that might come from those very people who oppress us,

这可能来自那些压迫我们的人，

I think that we must listen to them

我觉得我们必须听他们说完

and try to figure out where do they hurt.

然后尝试理解他们 在哪里受了伤。

We must do this, I believe,

我们必须这么做。我坚信，

because our redemption is tied into their redemption,

因为我们的救赎与 他们的救赎是相连的，

And we will not be free

如果我们一直徘徊在 无法挽回的愤怒中，

until we've all been redeemed from unredemptive anger.

我们永远无法获得自由。

The challenge is not easy.

这挑战很难。

And in a technological society, it grows even more complicated,

在科技时代，这甚至 变得更加复杂，

because often we use technologies

因为我们常常用科技

to perpetuate the very values of racism that we indulge in every day.

让自己每天都沉溺于 种族主义的价值观。

We use technology to bully,

我们用科技去霸凌，

to perpetuate hate speech

去滥用暴力言论

and to degrade each other's humanities.

削弱别人的人性。

And so I believe that if we're going to humanize the future,

所以我相信如果我们要 让未来变得更加人性化，

we must design ways to use technology

我们必须设计一种 依靠科技的方法，

not to degrade us, but to elevate us

不是削弱，而是提升自己

so that we can live into the fullest of our capacities.

我们才能充分发挥我们的能力。

And I believe that technology

我也相信科技

must provide us larger vistas

肯定会为我们提供更大的前景，

so that we might engage with each other

让我们能够在每一天都能互相合作

and move beyond the segregated spaces that we live in, every day of our lives.

跨越如今种族隔离所造成的裂隙。

I believe

我相信

that we can achieve this if we set our minds

如果我们下定决心 并保有信心，

and hopes on the prize.

就一定可以做到。

The question before us tonight

我们今晚开始前的问题

is very serious.

是非常严肃的。

It is: "Do you want to be healed?

这问题是 “你是否希望被治愈？”

Do you want to be healed?"

“你是否希望被治愈？”

Do you want to become whole and live into all of your identities?

你是否想完完整整的 活出最真实的自己？

Or do you want to continue to cannibalize your multiple identities

还是你想继续被 多重身份支配

and privilege one identity over the other?

每次活在不同的身份中？

Do you want to join a long line

你想不想加入这条长长的队伍，

of generations of people

和一群相信美国

who believed in the promise of America

并坚信能建立民主的

and had the faith to upbuild democracy?

年轻人们一起。

Do you want to live into the fullest of your potential?

你想活出最大价值和潜力吗？

I certainly do.

我当然是想的。

And I believe you do, too.

我相信你们也是一样的。

Let me just say, quite seriously,

要我说，说真的，

I believe in you.

我相信你们。

And despite everything,

无论如何，

I still believe in America.

我仍然相信美利坚。

I hope that this offering that I've given to you tonight,

我希望今晚我给大家 带来的这些内容，

that I've shared with you tonight,

今晚与你们分享的这些，

will provide redemptive pathways

可以提供一些救赎的路径，

so that you might claim the fullest of your identity

这样你们就可以 承认完整的自己，

and become a major participant

然后成为主要的参与者，

in humanizing not only the future for yourselves,

不仅是为了让自己的 未来更人性化，

but also for our democracy.

更是为了我们这个民族。

Thank you.

谢谢你们。

(Applause)

（掌声）