Ruby Sales: How we can start to heal the pain of racial division | TED

Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

譯者: Val Zhang 審譯者: Marssi Draw

I want to share with you

我想要與你們分享

a moment in my life

我生命中的一個時刻，

when the hurt and wounds of racism

那時，種族歧視所帶來的傷痛

were both deadly and paralyzing for me.

令我生不如死、遲鈍麻木。

And I think what I've learned

我想我從中學到的，

能成為我們痊癒的來源之一。

can be a source of healing for all of us.

When I was 17 years old,

我十七歲的時候

I was a college student at Tuskegee University,

是塔斯基吉大學的學生，

and I was a worker in the Southern freedom movement,

我是南方解放運動的參與者，

which we call the Civil Rights Movement.

現在我們稱之非裔美國人民權運動。

During this time,

在那個時候，

I met another young 26-year-old,

我遇見了另一位二十六歲的年輕人，

white seminary and college student

他是就讀神學院的白人大學生——

named Jonathan Daniels, from Cambridge, Massachusetts.

強納森．丹尼爾斯， 他來自麻塞諸色州的劍橋。

He and I

他和我

were both part of a generation of idealistic young people,

都是那一代充滿理想的年輕人，

whose life has been ignited

我們的生命被自由之火點燃，

by the freedom fire

that ordinary black people were spreading around the nation

那火苗透過尋常的黑人民眾 燎過整個國家，遍及整個南方。

and throughout the South.

We had come to Lowndes County

我們為一場運動來到了朗茲郡，

to work in the movement.

And it was a nonviolent movement

那是一場非暴力的運動，

to redeem the souls of America.

目的是為了贖回美國的靈魂。

We believe that everyone,

我們相信每個人不論膚色，

both black and white,

people in the South,

南方的人民

could find a redemptive pathway

可以找到一條和解的道路，

out of the stranglehold of racism

掙脫被種族歧視

that had gripped them for more than 400 years.

撕裂了四百多年的束縛。

And on a hot, summer day in August,

在一個八月的夏日夜晚，

Jonathan and I joined a demonstration

強納森跟我參加了一場 當地年輕黑人的示威，

of local young black people,

who were protesting the exploitation

他們抗議那些有錢的地主

[of] black sharecroppers

對黑人佃農剝削，

by rich land holders who cheated them out of their money.

地主騙了他們的錢。

We decided to demonstrate alongside them.

我們決定與他們一同示威，

And on the morning that we showed up for the demonstration,

在那個我們一同示威的早上，

we were met with a mob of howling white men

我們遇到了一群叫囂的白人，

with baseball bats, shotguns

拿著球棒、獵槍，

and any weapon that you could imagine.

和任何你想像得到的武器。

And they were threatening to kill us.

他們威脅要殺掉我們，

And the sheriff, seeing the danger that we faced,

警長看到我們遭受威脅，

arrested us and put us on a garbage truck

逮捕了我們，讓我們上了垃圾車，

and took us to the local jail,

帶我們到了當地的監獄，

where we were put in cells

我們被關在你所能想像 最不人道的環境；

with the most inhumane conditions you can imagine.

And we were threatened by the jailers

我們被獄卒威脅

with drinking water that came from toilets.

只能喝來自馬桶的水。

We were finally released on the sixth day,

我們終於在第六天被釋放了，

沒有任何的告知、沒有任何的預警，

without any knowledge, without any forewarning.

Just out of the clear blue sky,

就這樣突然地，

we were made to leave.

我們被強制釋放了。

And we knew that this was a dangerous sign,

我們知道這是個危險的訊號，

because Goodman, Schwerner and Chaney had also been forced to leave jail

因為古德曼、史維納、查尼 也曾被強制離開監獄，

and were murdered because no one knew what had happened to them.

並被人謀殺了，因為沒有人 知道他們發生了什麼事。

And so, despite our fervent resistance,

儘管我們的堅決抵抗，

the sheriff made us leave the jail,

警長要求我們離開監獄，

and of course, nobody was waiting for us.

當然沒有人來接我們出獄。

It was hot,

那是個典型南方的大熱天，

one of those Southern days

where you could literally feel the pavement --

你幾乎可以感受到

由人行道逸散出的蒸氣。

the vapor seeping out of the pavement.

And the group of about 14 of us

我們一群十四個人，

selected Jonathan Daniels,

選出了：強納森．丹尼爾斯、

Father Morrisroe, who had recently come to the county,

初來乍到這個郡的神父默瑞思若、

Joyce Bailey, a local 17-year-old girl

一個當地的十七歲女生喬伊絲．貝禮，

and I to go and get the drinks.

和我去買一點喝的。

When we got to the door,

當我們來到店門口，

a white man was standing in the doorway with a shotgun,

一個帶著獵槍的白人男性站在門口，

and he said, "Bitch, I'll blow your brains out!"

他說：「婊子，我要轟爆妳的腦袋！」

And before I could even react,

在我來得及反應之前，

before I could even process what was going on,

Jonathan intentionally pulled my blouse,

強納森刻意拉我的上衣，

and I fell back, thinking that I was dead.

我往後跌，想著我死定了，

And in that instant, when I looked up,

在那瞬間我抬頭看，

Jonathan Daniels was standing in the line of fire,

強納森挺身站在鎗火前面，

and he took the blast,

他中了彈，

and he saved my life.

他救了我。

I was so traumatized

這場意外讓我痛苦萬分、

and paralyzed by that event,

遲鈍麻木，

where Tom Coleman deliberately,

湯姆．柯曼帶著刻意的惡意，

with malicious intent,

killed my beloved friend and colleague,

殺了我深愛的朋友和隊友——

Jonathan Myrick Daniels.

強納森．麥瑞克．丹尼爾斯。

On that day,

那一天，

which was one of the most important days in my life,

那是我生命中非常重要的一天，

I saw both love and hate

我同時看見了愛與恨，

coming from two very different white men

來自兩位迥異的白人，

that represented the best and the worst of white America.

象徵著美國白人最好跟最壞的一面。

So deep was my hurt

我的傷痛是如此深，

at seeing Tom Coleman murder Jonathan before my eyes,

看著湯姆．柯曼 在我眼前殺害強納森，

that I became a silent person,

我變得沉默寡言，

and I did not speak

無法言語達六個月。

for six months.

I finally learned to touch that hurt in me

直到我年紀稍長一些， 我才終於有勇氣觸碰我的傷口，

as I became older

and began to talk about the Southern freedom movement,

能開口談論南方解放運動，

and began to connect my stories

然後試著將我的故事

with the stories of my other colleagues and freedom fighters,

和其他隊友、自由鬥士的故事連結，

who, like me, had faced deadly trauma of racism,

他們像我一樣曾經面對 種族歧視的致命創傷，

and who had lost friends along the way,

他們在這一路上也曾失去朋友，

and who themselves have been beaten and thrown in jail.

他們自己也曾被傷害或關進監獄。

It is 50 years later.

現在已經過了五十年。

Many people were beaten and thrown in jail.

還是有許多人被打傷、被送進監獄，

Others were murdered like Jonathan Daniels.

有些人像強納森一樣被殺害。

And yet, we are still, as a nation,

但，我們做為一個國家

mired down

仍深陷在種族歧視的泥沼之中。

in the quicksand of racism.

And everywhere I go around the nation,

不論我走到全國何地，

I see and hear the hurt.

我看到、聽到這些傷痛，

And I ask people everywhere,

我問大家：

"Tell me, where does it hurt?"

「告訴我，是哪裡在隱隱作痛？」

Do you see and feel the hurt

你所看到、感受的傷痛 是否和我一樣？

that I see and feel?

I feel and see the hurt in black and brown people

我感受跟看到黑人跟棕色人種的傷痛，

who every day feel the vicious volley of racism

每一天他們都因種族歧視 而不斷被攻擊，

and every day have their civil and human rights stripped away.

每一天他們被剝奪公民權和人權。

And the people who do this use stereotypes and myths

製造這些傷害的人用刻板印象和迷思

to justify doing it.

合理化他們的所作所為。

Everywhere I go,

我所到之處，

I see and hear women

我看見並聽見女人

who speak out against --

出面指控，

who speak out against men who invade our bodies.

指控那些侵犯她們身體的男人。

These same men who then turn around --

而同一群男人轉身──

the same men who promote racism

那些支持種族歧視的男人

and then turn around and steal our labor and pay us unequal wages.

轉身偷走我們勞力成果， 支付我們不平等的工資；

I hear and feel the hurt of white men

我聽見跟感覺那些白種男人的傷痛，

at the betrayal by the same powerful white men

同樣被有權力的白種男人給背叛，

who tell them that their skin color

他們被告知：他們的膚色

is their ticket to a good life and power,

是獲得更好生活與權力的入場券；

only to discover,

到頭來卻發現，

as the circle of whiteness narrows,

當白人權力核心的圈子縮小，

that their tickets have expired

他們的門票失效了，

and no longer carry first-class status.

再也無法享有頭等身分。

Now that we've touched the hurt,

現在我們觸碰了傷口，

we must ask ourselves,

我們必須自問：

"Where does it hurt

「是哪裡在隱隱作痛？

and what is the source of the hurt?"

而傷口的源頭又是什麼？」

I propose that we must look

我主張：我們必須深入檢視

deeply into the culture of whiteness.

白人優越主義的文化。

That is a river that drowns out all of our identities

這條河淹沒了我們的自我認同，

and drowns us in false uniformity to protect the status quo.

用虛假的平等淹沒了我們， 以維持現狀。

Notice, everybody, I said culture of whiteness,

請注意，我說的是白人優越文化

and not white people.

而不是白人。

Because in my estimation,

因為依我所見，

the problem is not white people.

問題並不是白人，

Instead, it is the culture of whiteness.

而是白人優越主義文化。

And by culture of whiteness,

所謂的白人優越主義文化，

I mean a systemic and organized set of beliefs,

我指的是一種系統性、 組織性的信仰、

values, canonized knowledge and even religion,

價值觀、權威化的知識，

甚至是宗教，

to maintain a hierarchical, over-and-against power structure

去維持一種階級式的權力結構，

based on skin color, against people of color.

基於膚色去對抗其他膚色的人種。

It is a culture

這種文化，

where white people are seen as necessary and friendly insiders,

將白人視為不可或缺 且友善的圈內人，

while people of color, especially black people,

有色人種，尤其是黑人

are seen as dangerous

則被視為危險的、具威脅性的圈外人，

and threatening outsiders,

who pose a clear and present danger

帶來了明確而立即的危險性，

to the safety and the efficacy

威脅了白人優越文化的安全與效力。

of the culture of whiteness.

Listen to me and see if you can imagine

請聽我說並試著想像：

the culture of whiteness as a dehumanizing process

白人優越主義文化是一種 剝奪人性的過程，

that melts away

它損害了我們多元 且相互緊密連結的認同，

all of our multiple and interlocking identities,

such as race, class, gender and sexualities,

例如：種族、階級、 性別、性取向等等，

so that ...

如此一來，

so that unity is maintained for power.

便能為了鞏固權力而維持一致性。

I believe, because I know

我相信，因為我知道：

and believe that the culture of whiteness

這種白人優越主義文化

is a social construct.

是由社會所架構而成的。

Each of us, from birth to death,

我們每個人從生到死 都在文化中被社會化。

are socialized in this culture.

And it marks people of color also.

是文化標註了人的膚色。

And it makes people of color, like white people,

文化讓人們依膚色，像是白人，

vote against our interests.

反對其他人的權益。

Some of you might ask --

有些人可能會問，

and my students always tell me I give hard assignments --

──我的學生總說我老是出難題──

some of you might ask, and rightfully so,

你們可能會問，也可以理直氣壯地問：

"How do we fix this?

「我們可以怎麼樣改變呢？

It seems so all-powerful and overwhelming."

這一切似乎無法動搖， 令人無法招架。」

I believe that we must fix it,

我相信：我們必須改變現狀，

because we cannot humanize our future

因為我們不能讓未來更人性化，

if we continue to be complicit

如果我們繼續當 白人優越主義文化的共犯。

with the culture of whiteness.

Each of us must connect with our authentic selves,

我們每個人都必須去連結 真正的自我跟道德上的真我，

with our authentic ethnic selves.

And we must connect with the other aspects of our identities.

我們必須連結自我認同中其他的面向。

And we must move out of the constructs

我們必須跨越

of whiteness, brownness and blackness

白、棕、黑色人種的架構，

to become who we are at our fullest.

成為最完整的自我。

How do we do this?

我們如何辦到呢？

I believe that we do this through our collective narratives.

我相信我們可以透過共同敘事來達到。

And our collective narratives must contain our individual stories,

而我們的共同敘事 必須包含我們個人的故事、

the arts,

藝術、

spiritual reflections,

精神上的反思、

literature,

文學，

and yes, even drumming.

甚至是打鼓。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It must be a collective telling,

這一定要是一種共同敘事，

because individual stories just create a paradigm

因為個別的故事會創造出一種典範，

where we are pitting one story against another story.

我們會將每個故事排排站，羅列參照。

These different models that I have talked about tonight

我今天晚上所提到的幾種不同方法

I think are essential to providing us a pathway

是必要元素，

以讓我們往前走出種族歧視的泥淖。

out of the quagmire of racism.

And I want to talk about another very important model.

我還要再講另一個非常重要的方法，

And that is redemption.

就是和解（原文：救贖）。

I believe that movements for racial justice

我相信推動種族平等的進步，

must be redemptive rather than punitive.

需要透過雙方面的和解， 而非單方面的懲罰。

And yes, I believe

我相信：我們必須提供 每個人和解的機會。

that we must provide the possibility of redemption for everyone.

And we must be willing,

而我們也必須願意，

despite some of the vitriolic language

儘管一些惡毒的言語

that might come from those very people who oppress us,

正來自施暴者，

I think that we must listen to them

我想我們必須聆聽 並試著去了解他們的傷口。

and try to figure out where do they hurt.

We must do this, I believe,

我們必須這麼做，我相信：

because our redemption is tied into their redemption,

因為我們彼此的和解是緊緊相連的，

And we will not be free

我們無法真正的自由，

until we've all been redeemed from unredemptive anger.

直到我們被未和解之怨氣而解放。

The challenge is not easy.

這是個艱難的挑戰。

And in a technological society, it grows even more complicated,

在這個科技發達的社會， 科技讓事情變得更複雜。

because often we use technologies

我們常常使用科技 去煽動歧視的語言，

to perpetuate the very values of racism that we indulge in every day.

每日沉浸其中。

We use technology to bully,

我們利用科技去霸凌、

to perpetuate hate speech

煽動仇恨的語言、

and to degrade each other's humanities.

詆毀他人的人性。

And so I believe that if we're going to humanize the future,

因此我相信如果我們要 讓未來變得更人性化，

we must design ways to use technology

我們必須找出使用科技的方法，

not to degrade us, but to elevate us

不再貶低彼此而是互相提升，

so that we can live into the fullest of our capacities.

如此一來我們便可以實現 我們共同的最大潛力。

And I believe that technology

我相信：科技可以 提供我們更好的前景，

must provide us larger vistas

so that we might engage with each other

所以我們可以與彼此有更深的互動、

and move beyond the segregated spaces that we live in, every day of our lives.

跨越那些生活中被分裂的孤島。

I believe

我相信：

that we can achieve this if we set our minds

我們可以達到目的， 只要我們下定決心、

and hopes on the prize.

目標專注。

The question before us tonight

今晚我們要面對非常嚴肅的問題，

is very serious.

It is: "Do you want to be healed?

就是：「你是否想要被治癒呢？」

Do you want to be healed?"

「你是否想要被治癒呢？」

Do you want to become whole and live into all of your identities?

你是否想要變得完整 並活出你所有的身分認同呢？

Or do you want to continue to cannibalize your multiple identities

或是你想要繼續拼湊 你的多元身分認同、

使用權威、凌駕於 其他身分認同之上呢？

and privilege one identity over the other?

Do you want to join a long line

你是否想要加入 這個跨越世代的長陣線，

of generations of people

who believed in the promise of America

這相信著美國的承諾 並擁有信念去深化民主的陣線？

and had the faith to upbuild democracy?

Do you want to live into the fullest of your potential?

你是否想要活出你全部的潛力？

I certainly do.

我想要。

And I believe you do, too.

我相信你也是。

Let me just say, quite seriously,

讓我認真嚴肅地說，

I believe in you.

我相信你們。

And despite everything,

不論過去種種，

I still believe in America.

我仍然相信美國。

I hope that this offering that I've given to you tonight,

我希望今晚所跟你們分享的，

that I've shared with you tonight,

will provide redemptive pathways

將提供和解的道路。

so that you might claim the fullest of your identity

讓你們重拾最完整的身分認同

and become a major participant

並成為人性化運動的主要參與者，

in humanizing not only the future for yourselves,

不只為了你自己的未來，

but also for our democracy.

也為了我們的民主。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）