Who Owns the Internet of the Future? | Ordinary Things | TED

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Una Kavazović

The internet as you know it it is under attack

Internet kakav znate je pod napadom

and it's more fragile than you might think.

i krhkiji je nego što biste pomislili.

(Dial-up sounds)

(Dajalap zvuci)

In the earlier, nerdier, screechier days of the net

U ranijim, krelastijim, škripavijim danima neta

the possibilities seemed endless.

činilo se da su mogućnosti neograničene.

"Information wants to be free," said the Web 1.0 pioneers.

„Informacija želi da bude slobodna”, rekoše pioniri Veba 1.0.

They envisioned a free internet where countless independent nodes

Zamislili su slobodan internet gde bi bezbroj nezavisnih čvorišta

would sustain a worldwide system of instant communication,

održavalo globalni sistem instant komunikacije,

entirely decentralized and therefore immune to central control or sabotage.

u potpunosti decentralizovan i samim tim imun na centralnu kontrolu ili sabotažu.

Cut to today, and ehh, I think they got it about half right.

Preskočimo do danas i eh, mislim da su oko pola toga pogodili.

So much for independent,

Nezavisnost je tek tolika,

it now seems like the internet and its infrastructure

trenutno se čini da internet i njegovu infrastrukturu

are owned by the same three American dudes.

poseduju ista tri lika iz Amerike.

In a world of mega-platforms,

U svetu megaplatformi,

attention-sapping algorithms and mass surveillance,

algoritama za hvatanje pažnje i masovnog nadzora,

we aren't wondering if information is free,

ne pitamo se da li su informacije slobodne,

we're wondering if we are.

pitamo se jesmo li mi slobodni.

Now with all the doom and gloom aside, I should say I love the internet.

Sad, na stranu sav pesimizam, moram da kažem da ja volim internet.

It's where I spend most of my time.

Tamo provodim najviše vremena.

The best thing about my pandemic

Najbolja stvar kod pandemije

has been watching the rest of you get reduced to my level.

je bila posmatranje svih vas kako se srozavate na moj nivo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's accelerated the digital world's invasion of the material one.

Ubrzala je invaziju materijalnog sveta digitalnim.

That meeting that could have been an email

Sastanak koji je mogao da bude imejl,

is now an email.

sada je imejl.

Malls are being shut by search bars.

Tržne centre zatvaraju polja za pretrage.

Fortnite tournaments are filling national stadiums

Fortnajt turniri pune nacionalne stadione,

and JPEGs are selling for the price of a da Vinci.

a JPEG-ovi se prodaju po ceni da Vinčija.

Whatever happens next,

Šta god da se desi,

we're all going to be spending more time online.

svi ćemo provoditi sve više vremena na internetu.

So how do we protect what makes it great and change what makes it terrifying?

Kako da zašititimo ono zbog čega je sjajan i promenimo ono zbog čega je zastrašujući?

Well, first of all, I think we need an update.

Pa, pre svega, mislim da nam je potrebna nadogradnja.

Internet access is no longer a luxury.

Pristup internetu više nije luksuz.

It is a necessity for economic and individual development.

Radi se o nužnosti za ekonomski i individualni razvoj.

For developing countries, increased access is a pathway out of poverty

Za zemlje u razvoju, sve veći pristup internetu znači izlazak iz siromaštva

and enables smoother access to essential services

i on obezbeđuje lakši pristup osnovnim uslugama

like education and health care.

poput obrazovanja i zdravstva.

As millions in the Global South have logged on,

Kad su se milioni sa Globalnog juga ulogovali,

the way the world accesses the Internet has completely changed.

način na koji svet pristupa internetu se u potpunosti promenio.

In 2011, mobile internet use accounted for just 5% of total traffic.

Godine 2011, upotreba mobilnog interneta je iznosila svega 5% ukupnog saobraćaja.

Today, it sits comfortably at 56%.

Danas je ušuškana na 56%.

Cheap phones and 4G have made the internet truly global,

Zbog jeftinih telefona i 4G internet je postao istinski globalan,

but it also means that most of us

ali to takođe znači da mu većina nas

only access it through a handful of applications.

jedino pristupa preko šačice aplikacija.

The internet is in all of your pockets

Internet je u svim vašim džepovima,

and this is a TED Talk, so it's probably on most of your wrists.

a kako je ovo TED govor, verovatno je na većini vaših zglobova.

Not mine. I've got a calculator.

Ne i na mom. Ja imam digitron.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Keeps me humble.

Održava me skromnim.

That’s where we access it,

Tu mu pristupamo,

but we wouldn’t be able to

ali ne bismo bili u mogućnosti

if it weren't for unassuming, securely guarded buildings like this one.

da nije neizglednih, dobro čuvanih zgrada poput ove.

Internet exchange points where bandwidth is actually produced.

Tačaka internet razmene gde se propusni opseg zapravo proizvodi.

If these places cease to operate, then the internet is down

Kada bi ova mesta prestala da rade, internet bi pao

and not even the sweatiest guy in your IT department

i ni najznojaviji lik iz informatičkog odseka

can do anything about it.

ne bi mogao ništa da uradi.

In 2011, the Egyptian government

Godine 2011, egipatska vlada

shut down one of the country's two main exchange points,

je isključila jednu od dve glavne tačke razmene u državi,

the Ramses Exchange in Cairo.

Ramses Exchange u Kairu.

The internet was being used to organize protests

Internet je korišćen da se organizuju protesti

as users were galvanized by sharing videos of ongoing violence in real time.

tako što su korisnici podsticani deljenjem videa nasilja u realnom vremenu.

For days, only a few government ministries and the stock market

Danima su jedino nekoliko vladinih ministarstava i berza

were connected to the internet.

bili povezani na internet.

It was a threat to the crumbling regime.

Radilo se o pretnji režimu u osipanju.

And when the government did fall,

A kada je vlada pala,

the internet got the lion's share of the credit.

internetu su pripale najveće zasluge.

Protests were organized without appointed leaders

Protesti su organizovani bez označenih vođa

and with unprecedented speed.

i nezabeleženom brzinom.

And this is what the internet does

A to je nešto što internet radi

that no other technology has ever come close to achieving:

što nijedna druga tehnologija nije bila ni blizu da postigne:

decentralized mass organization.

decentralizovano masovno organizovanje.

Since then, though, regimes have gotten a lot better

Otad pak, režimi su postali daleko bolji

at harnessing the internet's power for themselves.

u uprezanju snage interneta za sebe.

In 2019, both Iran and Iraq

Godine 2019, i Iran i Irak

faced potentially destabilizing protest movements,

su bili suočeni sa potencijalno destabilišućim protestnim pokretima,

and both governments reacted by pulling the national router.

a obe vlade su reagovale čupanjem nacionalnog rutera.

These blackouts, though, are costly.

Ova zamračenja su pak skupa.

Iraq's 11-day shutdown was estimated to cost their economy

Jedanaestodnevno gašenje interneta smatra se da je koštalo iračku ekonomiju

over 2 billion dollars.

preko dve milijarde dolara.

Iran's only lasted eight days,

U Iranu je potrajalo svega osam dana,

but the communication blackout was used to imprison organizers

ali je komunikacijsko pomračenje iskorišćeno za hapšenje organizatora

and murder protesters in the hundreds.

i ubijanje na stotine demonstranata.

Video of violence made its way online once access was restored,

Snimci nasilja su se probili na internet čim je pristup ponovo uspostavljen,

but by then, the protest movement had lost all momentum.

ali dotad je protestni pokret potpuno izgubio zamah.

This year, the frontline fight for the free internet has been in Myanmar.

Ove godine, udarna bitka za slobodni internet je bila u Mjanmaru.

The military junta seized power in February

Vojna hunta je preuzela vlast u februaru

and enacted nightly internet shutdowns

i sprovodila je gašenje interneta tokom noći

to hinder protest and hide human rights abuses.

kako bi ometali proteste i skrivali kršenja ljudskih prava.

Social media was banned for months,

Društvene mreže su bile zabranjene mesecima,

but activists have been successfully skirting restrictions using VPNs

ali aktivisti su uspešno izbegavali restrikcije upotrebom VPN-ova

to access restricted services and to document state violence.

kako bi pristupali zabranjenim servisima i dokumentovali nasilje države.

This is guerrilla cyberwarfare in action

Radi se o gerilskom sajber ratovanju na delu

and it has real world casualties.

i ono ima stvarne žrtve.

Mobile phones might be empowering the resistance,

Mobilni telefoni možda ohrabruju otpor,

but they are also facilitating data-driven mass surveillance.

ali i olakšavaju masovni nadzor potpomognut podacima.

Use the wrong platform

Uđite na pogrešnu platformu

and the government can monitor your private messages

i vlada može da prati vaše privatne poruke

and automatically delete them

i da ih automatski briše

before they reach their intended recipient.

pre nego što stignu do ciljanog primaoca.

To me, this is like halfway between the government censoring your mail

Meni ovo izgleda kao pola puta između vladine cenzure vaše pošte

and your thoughts.

i vaših misli.

But it's not hopeless.

Međutim, nije beznadežno.

Just before the junta took over,

Baš kad je hunta preuzimala vlast,

their arrival was documented in this viral video

njihov dolazak je dokumentovan u ovom viralnom snimku

by a fitness influencer.

od strane fitnes influenserke.

(Upbeat music)

(Vesela muzika)

That is the junta's top brass arriving in the background

Ovo je huntina vrhuška u pozadini kako stiže

to depose the democratically elected leader.

da svrgne demokratski izabranog vođu.

Now I love this video.

Sad, volim ovaj snimak.

It's simultaneously absurd and tragic,

Istovremeno je apsurdan i tragičan,

which I feel like are the twin moods of the internet at the moment.

što osećam da su nerazdvojiva raspoloženja u vezi s trenutnim internetom.

But it also shows

Međutim, takođe pokazuje

that even when the entire national infrastructure of the internet

da čak i kada celokupnu nacionalnu infrastrukturu interneta

is controlled by a repressive regime,

kontroliše represivni režim,

information still wants to be free.

informacija i dalje želi da bude slobodna.

In the West, though, some of us are worried

Na Zapadu pak, neki od nas su zabrinuti

that information has gone a bit too free.

da su informacije postale malčice preslobodne.

In some cases, fact-free.

U nekim slučajevima, oslobođene činjenica.

Disinformation and misinformation

Dezinformacije i lažne informacije

on social media

na društvenim mrežama

are testing the boundaries of free speech.

testiraju granice slobode govora.

The World Health Organization has called the pandemic an infodemic,

Svetska zdravstvena organizacija je nazvala pandemiju infodemijom,

with their official updates sharing a timeline

gde su njihova zvanična ažuriranja delila vremensku liniju

with posts telling you to cure coronavirus by drinking bleach.

sa postovima koji su vam govorili da lečite koronavirus izbeljivačem.

In the UK, a conspiracy theory linking 5G to coronavirus

U Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, teorija zavere koja je povezivala 5G sa koronavirusom

spread so quickly that it led to over 30 arson attacks on cell towers

se širila toliko brzo da je to dovelo

do paljenja preko 30 tornjeva za mobilne telefone

in March 2020 alone.

samo u martu 2020.

Absurd. Tragic, once again.

Apsurdno. Tragično, iznova.

But it's easy to see there's a problem.

Međutim, lako je uvideti da postoji problem.

Combating disinformation is tricky

Borba protiv dezinformacija je zeznuta

when mega-platforms have become so enormous

kada su megaplatforme postale toliko ogromne

that they're nearly impossible to effectively moderate.

da ih je gotovo nemoguće efikasno moderirati.

When Facebook attempted to use machine learning

Kada je Fejsbuk pokušao da iskoristi mašinsko učenje

to identify and remove dangerous posts,

da identifikuje i ukloni opasne postove,

it often couldn't tell the difference between government guidance

često nisu bili u stanju da razlikuju vladine smernice

and posts meant to mimic it.

od postova koji ih oponašaju.

Imperfect machines ultimately create imperfect machines.

Nesavršene mašine naposletku stvaraju nesavršene mašine.

So this is a very human problem and it obviously outdates the internet.

Radi se o krajnje ljudskom problemu i očito je stariji od interneta.

There's always been demand for disinformation.

Oduvek je postojala potražnja za dezinformacijama.

It's based on what people want to believe.

Zasnovana je na tome u šta ljudi žele da veruju.

And where there is demand, there is opportunity to supply.

A gde postoji potražnja, tu je i prilika za ponudu.

Facebook themselves will tell you

Sam Fejsbuk će vam reći

that most disinformation on their platform is financially incentivized.

da većina dezinformacija na njihovoj platformi ima finansijski podsticaj.

Malicious actors who own small websites crammed with ads,

Zlonamerni akteri koji poseduju male veb-stranice krcate reklamama,

who will pay to advertise on Facebook first to get the ball rolling.

koji plaćaju da se reklamiraju prvo na Fejsbuku kako bi pogurali stvari.

Platforms might not be able to moderate everything we say

Platforme možda nisu u stanju da uređuju sve što govorimo,

and I don’t think they should,

i ne mislim da bi trebalo,

but they are more than capable

ali su više nego sposobne

of disrupting and regulating who pays them.

da ometu i regulišu one koji ih plaćaju.

Of course, mega-platforms resist any regulation of their advertising

Naravno, megaplatforme odbijaju bilo kakvu regulaciju reklama

because it's where they make most of their money.

jer tu zarađuju većinu novca.

We all know they aren't selling us a service.

Svi znamo da nam ne prodaju uslugu.

They're selling access to our eyeballs.

Prodaju pristup našim očnim dupljama.

There's now a widespread distrust of the unregulated Internet.

Trenutno imamo rasprostranjeno nepoverenje prema neregulisanom internetu.

In the UK, there has been popular public campaigns

U Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu imamo popularne javne kampanje

and subsequent government proposals to connect social media accounts

i skorašnje vladine predloge da se nalozi na društvenim mrežama

to government-issued identification,

povežu sa zvaničnim vladinim dokumentima,

getting rid of the anonymity and holding people accountable

čime bi se rešili anonimnosti i ljudi bi bili odgovorni

for all the naughty things they say online.

za sve nevaljale stvari koje izgovaraju onlajn.

This is well-meaning, but it's a fucking terrible idea.

Ovo je dobronamerno, ali je jebeno užasna ideja.

Marginalized groups and political dissidents

Marginalizovane grupe i politički disidenti

rely on anonymity to protect their free speech,

se oslanjaju na anonimnost da zaštite svoju slobodu govora,

and having your government ID connected to your social media account

a povezivanjem lične karte sa vašim nalogom na društvenoj mreži

would leave you extremely vulnerable to phishing scams and identity theft.

bili biste izuzetno ranjivi na mrežno pecanje i krađu identiteta.

I don't share my name online or anywhere publicly,

Ne delim svoje ime onlajn ili bilo gde javno,

not because I'm shy,

ne zato što sam stidljiv,

but because I'm just curious to see how long I can keep it up.

već zato što sam znatiželjan da vidim koliko dugo ću da izdržim.

Gaining notoriety but retaining anonymity

Steći prepoznatljivost, ali ostati anoniman

is a unique privilege of the information age,

je jedinstvena privilegija informatičkog doba,

so why not take advantage of it?

pa zašto je ne iskoristiti?

The internet is difficult to tame because it was built that way.

Internet je teško ukrotiti zato što je napravljen da bude takav.

This is Jon Postel,

Ovo je Džon Postel,

a man who once held the unofficial title of “God of the internet.”

čovek koji je nekad držao nezvaničnu titulu „boga interneta”.

Here he is posing in front of a hand-drawn map of it in 1998.

Ovde 1998. pozira ispred ručno izrađene mape interneta.

The US government had contracted Jon

Vlada SAD-a je unajmila Džona

to run the root authority of the Domain Name System,

da upravlja rut sertifikatom DNS-a,

the closest thing the internet's infrastructure has

to je nešto najbliže što infrastruktura interneta ima

to the top of its hierarchy.

vrhu hijerarhije.

Basically when you type in twitter.com

U suštini kad ukucate twitter.com

or paymytaxes.gov,

ili poreskauprava.org,

the root authority is what makes sure you get there.

rut sertifikat vam omogućava da tu stignete.

That's an oversimplification,

Suviše je uprošćeno,

but what you need to understand

ali ono što treba da razumete

is that whoever controls the root authority

je da ko god kontroliše rut sertifikat

controls access to every website

kontoroliše pristup svakom vebsajtu

and theoretically could delete all of them.

i teoretski bi mogao da ih sve obriše.

So when the US government asked Jon to hand control over,

Stoga, kada je vlada SAD-a zatražila od Džona da im preda kontrolu,

he said no.

rekao je ne.

And this one act of resistance would lead to the creation of ICANN,

A ovaj pojedinačan čin otpora će dovesti do stvaranja ICANN-a,

an international multistakeholder group

međunarodne grupe više zainteresovanih strana

that ensures the global internet can't be controlled

koja se stara da globalni internet ne može da kontroliše

by a single company or government.

jedna firma ili vlada.

Naturally, some governments have resisted this.

Prirodno, neke vlade su se opirale ovome.

Notably, the Chinese government have been advocating

Naročito je kineska vlada bila zagovornik

for what they call internet sovereignty since 2013.

nečega što nazivaju internet suverenitetom, još od 2013.

This is the idea that each country has the right

Radi se o zamisli da svaka država ima pravo

to control a separate version of the internet within their own borders.

da kontroliše posebnu verziju interneta unutar sopstvenih granica.

Of course, China's internet has worked this way for decades,

Naravno, kineski internet ovako funkcioniše decenijama,

but it's increasingly an attractive option to others.

ali radi se o sve privlačnijoj opciji za ostale.

Iran booted up their own version in 2018,

Iran je startovao sopstvenu verziju 2018,

and Russia are quietly testing theirs out.

a Rusija tiho testira svoju.

And these national firewalls are used to restrict unwanted information,

Svi ovi nacionalni zaštitni zidovi služe za ograničavanje neželjenih informacija,

but their main priority is to crush organization

ali je njihov prioritet uništavanje organizovanja

that happens outside of a party political structure.

koje se dešava izvan partijske političke strukture.

And frankly, if it is disinformation that we're worried about,

I, iskreno, ukoliko smo zabrinuti zbog dezinformacija,

governments are the last group we should trust with regulating it.

vlade su poslednja grupa kojoj bi trebalo da poverimo regulaciju istih.

In 2018, Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg

Godine 2018, operativna direktorka Fejsbuka Šeril Sandberg

claimed that the company deleted over 1.3 billion fake accounts

je tvrdila da je kompanija izbrisala preko 1,3 milijarde lažnih naloga

in just six months.

u svega šest meseci.

A few hundred million of them were probably cooked up here,

Nekoliko stotina miliona njih je verovatno zakuvano ovde,

in the old Saint Petersburg office of the Internet Research Agency,

u staroj sanktpeterburškoj kancelariji Agencije za istraživanje interneta,

a private company owned by a close friend of Vladimir Putin

privatnoj firmi koju poseduje blizak prijatelj Vladimira Putina,

and a state-funded troll army.

kao i armiju trolova koju finansira država.

Their job is to spread disinformation and sow discord online

Njihov posao je da šire dezinformacije i da seju razdor na internetu

with a phantom army of puppet accounts and conspiracy theories.

putem fantomske armije marionetskih naloga i teorija zavere.

Their job isn't to bolster the argument of one side,

Njihov posao nije da učvršćuju argumente jedne strane,

but to inflame debate and make all sides look equally ridiculous.

već da toliko raspire debatu kako bi sve strane izgledale jednako smešno.

But this nihilistic genre of propaganda

Međutim, ovaj nihilistički vid propagande

is incredibly weak

je izuzetno slab

when it's confronted with the sincerity of outsiders.

kada se suoči sa iskrenošću autsajdera.

That's why I think Alexei Navalny

Zato smatram da je Aleksej Navaljni

is the most interesting person on the internet today.

najinteresantnija osoba trenutno na internetu.

If you don’t know who he is, he’s a lot of things:

Ako ne znate ko je on, on je mnogo toga:

a dissident, lawyer, criminal and YouTuber who took on the Russian government.

disident, advokat, kriminalac i jutjuber koji se suprotstavio ruskoj vladi.

His video on Putin's palace got 120 million views,

Njegov snimak Putinove palate ima 120 miliona pregleda,

which inspires professional awe and jealousy in me.

a to izaziva profesionalno divljenje i zavist u meni.

And aside from some high-budget drone shots,

Pored nešto visokobudžetnih snimaka dronom,

there is very little new information in this video.

skoro da nema novih informacija na ovom snimku.

It's a compilation of previously available sources,

Radi se o kompilaciji već dostupnih izvora,

sometimes decades-old information.

na momente decenijama starih informacija.

But unlike these old sources,

Nasuprot pak tim starim izvorima,

this video reached 25 million people in 24 hours

ovaj snimak je stigao do 25 miliona ljudi za 24 sata

and delivered this information

i isporučio je ovu informaciju

in an exciting, hilarious and inclusive way.

na uzbudljiv, urnebesan i inkluzivan način.

After surviving an assassination attempt and being sentenced to a penal colony,

Nakon što je preživeo pokušaj atentata i osuđen u kaznenoj koloniji,

Navalny is still leading resistance online.

Navaljni i dalje vodi pokret otpora na internetu.

The Kremlin have duly blocked access to this video

Kremlj je, kako dolikuje, blokirao pristup ovom snimku

and have blocked access to Smart Voting websites,

i blokirao je pristup veb-sajtovima Smart Voting,

which Navalny has been propagating.

koje Navaljni širi.

We might be frightened of mega-platforms,

Možda nas plaše megaplatforme,

but they are empowering individuals and giving outsiders an audience

ali one osnažuju pojedince i pružaju autsajderima publiku

that dwarfs the one offered by legacy media establishments

koja zasenjuje onu koju nude tradicionalni medijski autoriteti

that dominated the information market during the last century.

koji su dominirali tržištem informacija tokom prošlog veka.

And I know it feels like we're spending our lives

I znam da imate osećaj kao da provodimo živote

flicking between the same four apps,

šaltajući između četiri iste aplikacije,

and that's because we are.

a to je zato što to i radimo.

Around 80% of internet traffic

Oko 80% internet saobraćaja

is captured by only a handful of companies

je zarobila svega šačica kompanija

and we're spending progressively more time with them.

i provodimo sve više vremena uz njih.

Thanks to lockdown and home working,

Zahvaljujući karantinu i radu od kuće,

internet use in the UK doubled in just one year.

upotreba interneta u Britaniji se udvostručila za svega godinu.

And all of those Netflix binges

A sva ta bindžovanja na Netfliksu

are putting a strain on the internet's infrastructure.

iscrpljuju infrastrukturu interneta.

This is a hyperscale data center.

Ovo je centar za podatke hiperskale.

There's around 600 of them worldwide

Širom sveta postoji njih oko 600,

and over half of them are owned

a preko polovinu poseduju

by either Amazon, Microsoft, Google or Apple.

Amazon, Majkrosoft, Gugl ili Epl.

The number of these computer cabinet labyrinths

Broj ovih lavirinata od računarskih kućišta

has doubled in the last five years

se udvostručio u proteklih pet godina

to keep up with our ever-increasing demand.

kako bi održali korak sa našom trajno rastućom potražnjom.

And this has upset internet service providers

A ovo je uznemirilo ponuđače internet usluga

who claim that these bandwidth-hogging companies

koji tvrde da ove monopolske kompanije propusnog opsega

aren't paying their fair share.

ne plaćaju svoj deo.

And maybe they aren't.

I možda je tako.

And while I do think it is concerning

I, iako smatram da je zabrinjavajuće

that so few companies control so much of the internet,

da tako mali broj kompanija kontroliše toliki deo interneta,

I don't think their reign is assured.

ne smatram da im je vladavina osigurana.

Internal projections at Facebook

Unutrašnje projekcije Fejsbuka

show that teenagers are abandoning their platform in their droves,

pokazuju da buljuci tinejdžera napuštaju platformu,

so much so that their American user base

toliko da bi im baza korisnika u Americi

could decrease by up to 45% in two years.

mogla opasti za i do 45% u dve godine.

I'm not saying that the problem will solve itself.

Ne kažem da će se problem rešiti sam od sebe.

These platforms are powerful,

Ove platforme su moćne,

but only in proportion to the time and attention that we give them.

ali samo onoliko koliko im poklonimo vremena i pažnje.

It's easy to forget that the internet is still in its infancy

Lako je zaboraviti da je internet i dalje u povoju

and new competitors are gathering in every corner.

i da se novi konkurenti gomilaju na svakom ćošku.

Then there are competitors like the super apps.

A onda imamo konkurente poput superaplikacija.

And these apps are interesting.

A ove aplikacije su zanimljive.

They're mobile-only, mostly an Asian phenomenon so far.

Isključivo su za mobilne telefone, za sad su samo azijska pojava.

They are applications that position themselves as a one-stop shop

To su aplikacije koje se predstavljaju kao sve na jednom mestu

for all your internet-based needs.

za sve što vam je potrebno od interneta.

Singapore has Grab, Indonesia has GoTo,

Singapur ima Grab, Indonezija ima GoTo,

but by far the most popular is China's WeChat.

ali je nadaleko najpopularniji kineski WeChat.

With over 1.3 billion active daily users,

Sa preko 1,3 milijarde aktivnih dnevnih korisnika,

WeChat has integrated itself

WeChat se ugradio

into the fabric of normal social life in China.

u samo tkivo običnog društvenog života u Kini.

It's your driver's license, your debit card and your phone.

To vam je vozačka dozvola, debitna kartica i telefon.

It's where you pay your landlord, book flights, hotels

Tu plaćate stanodavcu, rezervišete letove, hotele

and doctor's appointments.

i preglede kod doktora.

It has supercharged China's journey towards a cashless society,

Ubrzao je put Kine ka bezgotovinskom društvu,

replacing coins with QR codes,

menjajući kovanice QR kodovima,

with even the homeless forced to upgrade.

gde su se čak i beskućnici morali modernizovati.

And it is a brilliant tool.

I radi se o sjajnoj alatci.

It has brought older generations and the industrial working class online

Dovela je starije generacije i industrijsku radničku klasu na internet

and given them easier access to essential services.

i dala im je lakši pristup osnovnim uslugama.

But it also conveniently bundles up all of your personal data,

Međutim, ona prikladno i grupiše sve vaše lične podatke,

private messages and physical whereabouts for a government with backdoor access.

privatne poruke i kretanja u prostoru za vlade sa zakulisnim prolazom.

The surveillance enabled by these super apps

Nadzor koji omogućuju ove superaplikacije

is threatening to turn privacy into a relic of the 20th century.

preti da pretvori privatnost u relikt XX veka.

Because when there's only one platform, there's nowhere left to hide.

Jer kada imate samo jednu platformu, nemate gde da se sakrijete.

The internet was built to be plural,

Internet je sagrađen da bude pluralistički,

to exist nowhere in particular

da ne postoji nigde naročito

and to be accessible everywhere.

i da bude dostupan svuda.

Internet culture is global culture,

Internet kultura je globalna kultura,

arguably the first ever instance of it,

moguće i njen prvi primer uopšte,

and we must ensure that everyone has equal access.

i moramo se postarati da svako ima ravnopravan pristup.

No one in this room knows what the internet will look like

Niko u ovoj prostoriji ne zna kako će internet da izgleda

in ten, 50 or 100 years,

za deset, 50 ili 100 godina,

but we can be damn sure it'll be here.

ali možemo da budemo prokleto sigurni da će da bude tu.

It's the greatest invention of all of our lifetimes,

Radi se o najvećem izumu naših celokupnih života,

and we must ensure that it reflects the best of us.

i moramo da se postaramo da bude odraz najboljeg u nama.

It must be open, enquiring, cooperative

Mora da bude otvoren, propitujući, sarađivački

and suspicious of authority.

i sumnjičav prema autoritetu.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)