The Science Behind How Sickness Shapes Your Mood | Keely Muscatell | TED

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2023-12-04 ใƒป TED


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The Science Behind How Sickness Shapes Your Mood | Keely Muscatell | TED

89,402 views ใƒป 2023-12-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Serin Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:03
Alright, I'd like you to take a moment.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:06
Think about a time when you were recently sick.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํŒ ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:09
Try specifically to think of a time when,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:12
even though you weren't feeling all that great,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ์€
00:14
you still felt well enough to get up out of bed,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜๋˜ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:17
go about your day.
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00:20
OK, what was your mood like?
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋• ๋‚˜์š”?
00:24
Did you feel a little sad or depressed?
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์šธํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:28
What types of social interactions did you want to have?
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์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:32
Would you have wanted to go to a cocktail party full of strangers
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์นตํ…Œ์ผ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:36
or out on a first date?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:39
I'm a psychology professor
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์ €๋Š” ์ฑ„ํ”Œํž ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
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00:43
and for the past 15 years,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:45
I've been studying the interconnections between physiological changes
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์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ์‹ ์ฒด์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€
00:49
happening in the body during sickness
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋ณต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
and psychological and social well-being.
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00:56
Specifically my lab studies social psychoneuroimmunology,
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์‹ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
which is a mouthful to say,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์ฃ .
01:03
and is a field of research that's dedicated
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š”
01:05
to discovering interactions between our social experiences,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
psychological processes and the immune system.
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01:14
Today, I want to tell you about some research showing
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
01:17
that the same physiological changes happening in your body
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์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ
01:21
that cause the physical symptoms you have when you're sick,
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์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
๊ธฐ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
are also shaping your mood and your social behavior.
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01:29
In other words, changes in the immune system
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
01:32
can signal to the brain to cause us to think,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
feel and act differently.
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01:39
And not only that, but also our social experiences can cause changes
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๊ทธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋„
๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
in our immune systems.
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01:47
So purely psychological things happening in our brains
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋“ค์ด
01:51
can cause the immune system to ramp up or ramp down.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Because of that, we can get caught in these vicious cycles
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์— ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
where our psychological experiences can cause changes in our immune system,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ ,
02:04
and those immunological shifts can cause changes
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
to our psychological experiences.
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02:11
Now the component of the immune system
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์ •์‹ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
02:13
that most research in psycho- neuroimmunology focuses on
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02:17
is the inflammatory response or inflammation.
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์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ์ฆ‰, ์—ผ์ฆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
The inflammatory response is your immune system's
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์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๋ถ€์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š”
02:24
first line of defense against injury or infection,
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์„ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
02:28
and it's coordinated by these molecules
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์—ผ์ฆ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
that are called pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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02:34
You can think of cytokines as sort of the chemical messengers
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์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ „๋‹ฌ์ž๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
of the immune system.
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02:38
So they're out there right now, swimming through your bloodstream.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ—ค์—„์ณ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
And if an immune cell finds something weird or out of the ordinary,
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด
02:47
they'll tell those cytokines to signal to other immune cells
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์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ 
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:50
to come and check it out.
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02:53
So if you think about a time you've had a paper cut,
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์ข…์ด์— ๋ฒ ์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด,
02:56
you may have noticed that the area around the cut swells,
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์ƒ์ฒ˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์ด ๋ถ€ํ’€๊ณ  ๋นจ๊ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
์—ด์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
it turns red, it heats up.
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03:02
That's the inflammatory response in action.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And those symptoms are caused by your cytokines doing their job,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
sending out signals to other immune cells to come and heal the cut.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์™€์„œ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:15
The same thing happens if your immune cells find a virus
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„
๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
or a bacteria in the body.
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03:21
They send out cytokines to signal to other immune cells
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
to come and try and eliminate the pathogen.
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03:30
Now in doing this, cytokines cause
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์€
03:33
the physical symptoms we commonly have when we're sick.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ํ”ํžˆ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Things like fever and achiness and fatigue.
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๋ฐœ์—ด, ํ†ต์ฆ, ํ”ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:41
So even though we usually think of those symptoms as being caused by a virus
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ท  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:45
or a bacteria itself,
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03:47
they're actually caused by our own immune systems
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์‹ค์€ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ
03:50
activating to try to eliminate the pathogen.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
But in addition to those physical symptoms,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ ์™ธ์—๋„
03:58
decades of research,
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๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:00
in both animals and humans,
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์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š”
04:03
clearly shows that cytokines also cause changes to our mood
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04:08
and to our social behavior.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
So inflammation in the body can signal to the brain
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ์€ ๋‡Œ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด
04:14
to cause us to feel down,
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์ถ• ์ฒ˜์ง€๊ณ , ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
depressed and even hopeless.
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04:21
Inflammation can also make us want to socially withdraw from other people
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์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
04:26
to avoid interacting with individuals in our social networks.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So this research shows the powerful influence that the immune system can have
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ–‰๋™์—
04:35
on our mood and on our social behavior.
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๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Changes in inflammation in the body
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์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
04:41
can signal to the brain to cause us to feel depressed and even lonely.
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๋‡Œ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์™ธ๋กœ์›€๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
OK, so you may be wondering,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
04:50
why on Earth would your body do this?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:54
Why would you want your immune system to be able to manipulate your brain
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์™œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
04:58
and cause you to feel sad and distant from other people in your life?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž„๊นŒ์š”?
05:04
While we can't know for sure why this happens,
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
05:07
evolutionary theory provides some good food for thought.
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์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
The fact is,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
revving up and running the immune system takes a lot of energy.
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05:16
Getting cytokines to swim through the bloodstream
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์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ—ค์—„์ณ
05:19
and send signals to immune cells takes calories.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์„ธํฌ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
And what else takes calories?
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๋˜ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:26
Pretty much everything.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:28
Especially things like going out and seeking pleasurable experiences,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์™ธ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:32
interacting with strangers
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05:34
and just generally moving about the world.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
05:38
So the theory is that the immune system is telling the brain to feel depressed
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์€
๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์— ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
and to withdraw from socializing
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05:47
because it wants you to stay at home and rest.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‰ฌ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:52
And if things that would normally sound fun
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ํ‰์†Œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
05:55
just don't seem all that fun,
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05:57
and if interacting with other people seems exhausting
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ง€์น˜๊ณ 
06:01
and maybe even a little threatening,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:04
then we'll be less likely to do those things
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ 
06:07
and more likely to stay at home
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์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
and let our immune systems use our calories.
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06:13
Now, of course, if this becomes prolonged and inflammation is elevated over weeks
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
์—ผ์ฆ์ด ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
06:18
or even years,
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06:20
that could have really terrible impacts on our well-being.
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ํ–‰๋ณต์— ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
But in the short term,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
06:26
we think of this immune-to-brain signaling as adaptive.
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์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ-๋‡Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ ์‘์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Your immune system is basically good at knowing when it would be a good idea
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
์–ธ์ œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์„์ง€,
06:35
for you to be out interacting with the world and the people in it,
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06:39
and when it would be better to just stay at home.
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๋˜ ์–ธ์ œ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์„์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
But it turns out, the influence of inflammation on our social lives
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€
06:47
isn't as simple as always making us feel more disconnected
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๋Š˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋˜๊ณ 
์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
and socially withdrawn.
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06:54
One of the most important discoveries
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:56
that we've made in this area of research recently
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06:59
is that inflammation might actually make us more motivated
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์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ,
07:03
to seek some social interactions,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„
07:06
specifically those with the people who we're closest to.
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์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So itโ€™s not that inflammation makes us less social across the board,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
07:15
it may just make us more selective about who we want to socialize with.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€์— ๋” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
To discover this, my colleagues and I ran an experiment.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ €์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:26
We asked participants in our study
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:27
to send us digital photographs of someone who they could go to
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๋„์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜
07:31
if they needed help or support.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
As you would expect, people sent us photos of their romantic partners,
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
์—ฐ์ธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
their closest friends and their family.
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07:42
Then we had our participants view those images of their support figure
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:47
while we tracked their brain activity using MRI scanning.
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MRI ์Šค์บ”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Now, critically, prior to the MRI scans,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ MRI ์Šค์บ”์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
07:54
we exposed a random half of the participants in our study
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์„ธ๊ท ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
to a bacteria which cause levels of inflammation in the body to increase.
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์ด ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ์ฒด๋‚ด ์—ผ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
The other half just had normal, low levels of inflammation.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์—ผ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
And what we found is that for the people who we exposed to that bacteria,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์„ธ๊ท ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:13
who had lots of cytokines in their body,
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์—ผ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
08:16
they actually showed more activity in a reward-related region of the brain,
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๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ณด์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜์—ญ, ์ฆ‰, ๋ณต๋ถ€ ์„ ์กฐ์ฒด์—์„œ
08:21
called the ventral striatum,
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08:23
when they viewed images of their support figures
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์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
08:25
relative to the people who had low levels of inflammation.
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ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
So what this suggests
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š”
08:31
is that while inflammation might make social interactions with strangers
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์—ผ์ฆ์ด ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„
08:36
seem less rewarding,
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๋œ ๋ณด๋žŒ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:38
it doesn't necessarily make all social interactions seem less rewarding.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋œ ๋ณด๋žŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
In fact, inflammation may make us more motivated to seek interactions
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„์•ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์„ ์ค„
08:48
with people who could provide us with comfort or care.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
Those who could be a shortcut to chicken soup.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์น˜ํ‚จ ์ˆ˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:57
But of course, it's not every day
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ท ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:59
that we come into contact with a virus or a bacteria,
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์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…์–ด์„œ ์—ผ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์ด
09:03
or that we have a wound
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09:04
that causes our levels of inflammation to increase.
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๋งค์ผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
So how much of a day-to-day influence on our social lives
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ์—
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:12
does the immune system actually have?
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09:16
Research shows that the answer is a lot more than you might think.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
That's because one of the most robust findings
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์‹ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
09:25
in all of psychoneuroimmunology research
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09:27
is that stress causes inflammation.
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
So purely psychological things happening in the brain
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ผ๋“ค์ด
09:35
can cause increases in cytokines in the body.
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์ฒด๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
This is true across species,
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์ด๋Š” ์„ค์น˜๋ฅ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜, ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
09:41
from rodents to primates to humans.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
In my lab and in others across the globe,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”
09:48
we study the effects of stress on inflammation
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๊ฟˆ์˜ ์ง์—…์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:51
by asking people to come into the lab and give a ten-minute,
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ์™€์„œ 10๋ถ„์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์š”์ฒญํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:55
off-the-cuff speech
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09:56
about why they'd be a good candidate for their dream job.
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ผ์ฆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
And then they have to do challenging mental math out loud.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
And they do this all in front of a panel of experts who's judging them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋‹จ ์•ž์—์„œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Yeah, people report that this is stressful.
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๋„ค, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And critically,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ,
10:14
in response to this psychologically stressful experience,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ
10:18
we see that levels of cytokines in the body have increased.
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์ฒด๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
Let's take a second and really appreciate that remarkable finding.
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์ž ๊น ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ž˜ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:31
In the absence of anything physically wrong with the body --
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์‹ ์ฒด์— ์•„๋ฌด ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ,
10:35
no viruses, no bacteria, no wounds --
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค, ์„ธ๊ท ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ
10:40
a purely psychological stressor
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์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์š”์ธ์ด
10:42
is causing the inflammatory response to activate.
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์—ผ์ฆ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
So it's not just that our immune systems are sending signals to our brain,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
10:50
but also our brains are sending signals to our immune systems
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‡Œ๋„ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด
10:55
telling them to activate in response to stress that we encounter.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
OK, so now that you know
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์ด์ œ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
11:01
that your immune system has this very active social life
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11:04
and that your brain and your immune system are constantly communicating
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๋‡Œ์™€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
11:08
in ways that could make you feel depressed or lonely,
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:13
what should you do?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:16
For me, knowing about the social life of the immune system
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
has changed my life,
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11:21
in part because it gives me an explanation
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„
11:24
for why I might feel physically crummy at the end of a stressful day,
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์™œ ์œก์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ 
11:29
or why I might feel a little down
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๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชธ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์™œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ณ 
11:32
and disconnected from other people when I'm feeling physically unwell.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์‹ซ์€์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
So, for example,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
11:38
the experience of giving this talk today has been really rewarding
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ณด๋žŒ๋œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
and also quite challenging.
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11:46
You might even say it was, at times, stressful.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And I'm sure you've had similar experiences in your lives.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
11:54
Maybe it was a difficult task you had to complete at work,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:58
a confrontation with a spouse or a family member,
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:01
or just some problem that cropped up in your life
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ € ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”,
12:04
that you had to quickly figure out how to solve.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
Based on what I've told you here today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ,
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ
12:10
I hope you're predicting that in response to these stressful experiences,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:14
we're likely to have high levels of inflammation in our bodies.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Our cytokines will have come out in full force
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ
12:21
in response to the stress we've experienced.
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์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ์ด ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
And because of that,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€์นœ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ 
12:27
if we then feel exhausted
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12:31
and a bit like we've failed
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์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋“ค๊ณ 
12:34
and we don't want to go anywhere or see anyone or do anything,
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์•„๋ฌด ๋ฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:38
and we just want to stay at home and relax on the couch
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์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ์•‰์•„ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:41
with the people who we're closest to,
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12:44
we'll know why.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ์— ์šฐ์šธํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
12:47
And because we know that those symptoms are likely just our immune systems
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12:52
telling our brains to feel depressed
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์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
12:54
and to withdraw from social interactions
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
12:57
so that we stay at home to rest, relax and recuperate,
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13:01
we don't have to agonize
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ฒ˜์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
13:03
over why we're maybe feeling a little down on ourselves,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
or a little distant from other people.
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13:09
We can rest assured that
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์‚ฌ์ดํ† ์นด์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
13:12
in the coming days,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉฐ์น  ์•ˆ์—
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์‹ ๋‹ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„
13:14
we'll be feeling much more like ourselves again
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13:17
as our cytokine levels go back down.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
So in the future,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
13:22
when you encounter stress in your life
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13:24
and you feel those reins of inflammation start to take hold,
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์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์ ์  ๊ณ ์‚๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ,
13:28
I hope you remember what I've told you here today.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
And you remind yourself that those symptoms you're experiencing,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค์€
13:36
that's likely just your immune system
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
13:39
doing its job,
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13:41
telling your brain to feel depressed and withdrawn
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์œ„์ถ•๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:45
as evolution intended,
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์ง„ํ™”์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
13:47
to keep you healthy in the long term.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:50
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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