An economic case for protecting the planet | Naoko Ishii

84,065 views ・ 2018-02-14

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyeri Song κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Good evening, everyone.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„.
00:16
I am from Japan,
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μ €λŠ” μΌλ³Έμ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
so I'd like to start with a story about Japanese fishing villages.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 일본의 μ–΄μ΄Œ λ§ˆμ„μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
In the past, every fisherman was tempted to catch as many as fish as possible,
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μ˜›λ‚ μ—λŠ”, λͺ¨λ“  어뢀듀이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λ§Žμ€ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό 작고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
but if everybody did that,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄
00:35
the fish, common shared resource in the community, would disappear.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ κ³΅μœ μžμ›μΈ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ 사라져버릴 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
The result would be hardship and poverty for everyone.
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κ²°κ΅­ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ νž˜λ“€κ³  λΉˆκ³€ν•΄μ§€κ² μ£ .
00:47
This happened in some cases,
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μ–΄λ–€ λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„  이런 일이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
but it did not happen in other cases.
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λ¬Όλ‘  그렇지 μ•Šμ€ λ§ˆμ„λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:56
In these communities,
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이런 상황을 ν”Όν•œ λ§ˆμ„μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:58
the fishermen developed a kind of social contract
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어뢀듀이 μΌμ’…μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ³„μ•½μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
that told each one of them to hold back a bit to prevent overfishing.
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μ„œλ‘œκ°€ λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° λ‚¨νšμ„ 막도둝 λ„μ™€μ£ΌμžλŠ” μ•½μ†μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:09
The fisherman would keep an eye on each other.
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어뢀듀은 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό κ°μ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
There would be a penalty if you were caught cheating.
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μ†μž„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ“°λ‹€ 걸리면, λ²Œμ„ λ°›μ•˜μ£ .
01:18
But once the benefit of a social contract became clear to everyone,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일단 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이 μ•½μ†μ˜ μž₯점을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ 되자
01:25
the incentive to cheat dramatically dropped.
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μ†μž„μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ μ€„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
We find the same story around the world.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—λ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 사둀가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
This is how villagers in medieval Europe
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쀑세 유럽 λ§ˆμ„λ“€μ΄
01:38
managed pasture and forests.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λͺ©μ΄ˆμ§€μ™€ μˆ²μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
This is how communities in Asia managed water,
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μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜ 곡동체듀이 μˆ˜μžμ›μ„ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ 
01:46
and this is how indigenous peoples in the Amazon managed wildlife.
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μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄μ˜ 원주민듀이 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ•„λ§ˆμ‘΄μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
These communities realized they relied on a finite, shared resource.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 곡동체듀은 ν•œμ •μ μΈ κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ— μ˜μ‘΄ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
They developed rules and practices on how to manage those resources,
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이런 μžμ›μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관리할 것인지 방법을 λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌ°κ³ 
02:07
and they changed their behavior
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행동을 λ°”κΏ¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
so that they could continue to rely on those shared resources tomorrow
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν–ˆμ£ .
02:16
by not overfishing,
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° λ‚¨νšμ„ 막고
02:19
not overgrazing,
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μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ κ°€μΆ• λ°©λͺ©μ„ 막고
02:20
not polluting or depleting water streams today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  물을 μ˜€μ—Όμ‹œν‚€κ±°λ‚˜ κ³ κ°ˆμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
This is a story of the commons,
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이것은 κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
and also how to avoid the so-called tragedy of the commons.
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λ˜ν•œ μ†Œμœ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ 비극을 λ§‰λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
But this is also a story of an economy
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²½μ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 이야기이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
that was mainly local,
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주둜 지역 κ²½μ œμ˜€κ³ 
02:43
where everybody had a very strong sense of belonging.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ꡉμž₯히 κ°•ν•œ μ†Œμ†κ°μ„ κ°€μ‘Œλ˜ 곳이죠.
02:49
Our economies are no longer local.
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우리 κ²½μ œλŠ” 더 이상 지역에 κ΅­ν•œλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
When we moved away from being local,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλΌλŠ” 틀을 벗어났을 λ•Œ
02:55
we started to lose our connection to the commons.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ 잊기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
We carried economic objectives, goals and systems beyond the local,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„  경제 λͺ©ν‘œμ™€ 체계λ₯Ό κ°λ‹Ήν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:06
but we did not carry the notion of taking care of the commons.
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κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ μ†Œμ€‘νžˆ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 생각을 지킀지 λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
So our oceans, forests,
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우리 바닀와 μˆ²μ€
03:17
once very close to us as our local commons,
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우리 μ§€μ—­μ˜ 곡곡재둜 κ°€κΉŒμ΄μ— μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:21
moved very far away from us.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” ꡉμž₯히 λ©€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
So today, we pump millions of tons of greenhouse gases into the air,
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κ²°κ΅­ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 수백만 ν†€μ˜ μ˜¨μ‹€ κ°€μŠ€λ₯Ό 곡기 쀑에 λ°°μΆœν•˜κ³ 
03:33
we dump plastics, fertilizers and industrial waste
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±κ³Ό 농약과 μ‚°μ—… μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό
03:38
into the rivers and oceans,
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κ°•μ΄λ‚˜ 바닀에 λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
and we cut down forests that absorb CO2.
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그리고 CO2λ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” μˆ²μ„ 마ꡬ 벌λͺ©ν•˜μ£ .
03:45
We make the wild biodiversity much more fragile.
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또, μžμ—°μ˜ 생물닀양성을 μœ„νƒœλ‘­κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
We seem to have totally forgotten
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ μžŠμ€ 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
that there is such a thing as global commons:
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전세계가 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
03:58
air, water, forests and biodiversity.
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곡기, λ¬Ό, μ‚Όλ¦Ό, 생물닀양성 같은 것듀이죠.
04:05
Now, it is modern science
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이제 ν˜„λŒ€ 과학은
04:08
that reminds us how vital the global commons are.
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μΌκΉ¨μ›Œ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
In 2009, a group of scientists proposed
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2009년에 ν•œ κ³Όν•™μž 그룹은
04:19
how to assess the health of the global commons.
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
They defined nine planetary boundaries vital to our survival,
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그듀은 우리 생쑴에 ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 9개의 κ²½κ³„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν–ˆκ³ 
04:29
then they measured how far we could go
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 버틸 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μΈ‘μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
before we cross over the tipping points or thresholds
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ν•œκ³„μ μ„ λ„˜κΈ°κΈ° μ „κΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•œ 것인데
04:37
that would lead us to the irreversible or even catastrophic change.
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ν•œκ³„μ μ΄λž€ 우리λ₯Ό λŒμ΄ν‚¬ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ‘œ 이끌 지점이죠.
04:45
This is where we were in the 1950s.
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이것이 1950λ…„λŒ€μ˜ 우리 μœ„μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
We broadly remained within safe operating space,
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μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곡간에 μ—¬μœ μžˆκ²Œ μœ„μΉ˜ν–ˆμ£ .
04:56
marked by the green line.
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μ•ˆμ „ν•œ ꡬ역은 녹색 μ„ μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œμ‹œλœ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
But look at where we are now.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬ 우리 μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:04
We have crossed four of those boundaries,
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벌써 4개의 κ²½κ³„μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ„˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
and we will be crossing others in the future.
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곧 λ‹€λ₯Έ 경계도 λ„˜μ–΄μ„€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
How did we end up in this situation?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 상황에 μ²˜ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
05:17
Well, my personal story may tell us something.
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제 개인적인 이야기가 힌트λ₯Ό 쀄 지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ„€μš”.
05:23
Five years ago, I was appointed
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5λ…„ 전에 μ €λŠ”
05:25
as CEO of the GEF, Global Environment Facility,
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세계 ν™˜κ²½ κΈ°κ΄€(GEF)의 CEO둜 μž„λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
but I am not a conservationist
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” μžμ› λ³΄ν˜Έλ‘ μžλ„ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
05:33
or an environmental activist.
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ν™˜κ²½ 보호 ν™œλ™κ°€λ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
I am an economist,
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μ €λŠ” κ²½μ œν•™μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
and for the last 30 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
05:41
I had worked for public finance in my home country and around the world.
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일본과 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 곡곡 κΈˆμœ΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
I can tell you one thing for sure:
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μ΄κ²ƒλ§Œμ€ ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 말할 수 μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
05:51
during these 30 years,
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κ·Έ 30λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
05:53
the notion of the global commons never crossed my mind.
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ΄λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ— κ΄€ν•΄ 생각해 λ³Έ 적도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
I didn't have a single conversation about the global commons
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ™λ£Œλ“€κ³Ό ν•œ λ§ˆλ””λ„ λ‚˜λˆ λ³Έ 적 μ—†κ³ μš”.
06:02
with my colleagues.
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06:05
This tells me that the notion of the global commons
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즉, μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ΄λž€
06:09
was not really entering into the big money decisions
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큰 돈이 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” κ²°μ •κ³ΌλŠ” 관련이 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
like state budgets or investment plans.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, κ΅­κ°€ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ΄λ‚˜ 투자 κ³„νšκ°™μ€ κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ”μš”.
06:18
And I'm wondering, why do we have this sheer ignorance
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κΆκΈˆν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이토둝 μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ— λ¬΄μ§€ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
06:21
about the global commons,
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06:23
including me, myself?
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μ € μžμ‹ μ‘°μ°¨λ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:27
One possible explanation might be
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ν•œ 가지 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ„€λͺ…은 이렇겠죠.
06:31
that until recently, it didn't really matter too much.
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μ΅œκ·ΌκΉŒμ§€ λ³„λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
Even if we mess up some part of the environment,
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비둝 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν™˜κ²½μ„ 쑰금 망치고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:40
we were not fundamentally changing the functions of the earth system.
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지ꡬ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ 자체λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 건 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:47
The global commons had still enough capacity
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ
우리의 곡격을 κ²¬λŽŒλ‚Ό 힘이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
to take the punches we gave them.
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06:54
In fact, the fish were still plentiful,
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사싀, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λŠ” 아직 λ„˜μ³λ‚¬κ³ 
06:59
the fields for grazing were still vast.
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λͺ©μΆ•μ§€λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ°©λŒ€ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:04
Our mistake was to assume
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ”
07:07
that the capacity of the earth for self-repair
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지ꡬ가 슀슀둜 볡ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이
07:10
had no limits.
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끝이 μ—†λŠ” 쀄 μ•Œμ•˜λ˜ κ±°μ£ .
07:12
It does have limits.
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사싀은 ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
07:15
The message from the science is very clear:
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이 점이 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λŠ” 맀우 λΆ„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
we humans have become an overwhelming force
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우리 인간은 μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 미래 κ±°μ£Ό ν™˜κ²½μ„
07:22
to determine the future living conditions on earth,
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결정지을 μ •λ„λ‘œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ‘΄μž¬κ°€ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
and what's more, we are running out of time.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 점점 촉박해지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
If we don't act on them,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
07:34
we will be losing the global commons.
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μžƒκ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
It's only our generation who are able to preserve it --
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우리 μ„ΈλŒ€λ§Œμ΄ κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ μ§€μΌœλ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
preserve the commons as we know them.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³ μžˆλ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œμš”.
07:44
Now is the time we start managing the global commons
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이제 μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ 관리해야 ν•  λ•Œκ°€ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
as our parents or our grandparents managed their local commons.
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우리 λΆ€λͺ¨, μ‘°λΆ€λͺ¨ μ„ΈλŒ€κ°€ 지역 κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
The first thing we need to do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΄μ•Όν•  첫 번째 일은
07:59
is to simply recognize that we do have the global commons
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό 일단 μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
and they are very, very important.
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또 그게 ꡉμž₯히 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ μ„μš”.
08:09
Then we need to build the stewardship of the global commons
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그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ 관리할 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
into all of our thinking,
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우리 인식 μ†μ—μ„œ
08:15
our business, our economy,
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μ‚°μ—…κ³Ό κ²½μ œμ—μ„œλ„
08:17
our policy-making --
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μ •μ±… 개발 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλ„
08:19
in all of our actions.
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ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œμš”.
08:21
We need to recreate the social contract of the fishing villages
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μ–΄μ΄Œ λ§ˆμ„μ— 있던 μ‚¬νšŒ 계약을 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό ν•„μš”λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
on the global scale.
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전세계적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
08:31
But what does it mean in practice?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ λ κΉŒμš”?
08:34
Where to start with?
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뭘 λ¨Όμ € μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:37
I see there are four key economic systems
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제 생각엔 λ„€ 가지 μ£Όμš” 경제 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄
08:41
that fundamentally need to change.
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근본적으둜 λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
First, we need to change our cities.
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첫째, λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:48
By 2050, two thirds of our population will live in cities.
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2050λ…„μ—λŠ” 인ꡬ의 3λΆ„μ˜ 2κ°€ λ„μ‹œμ— μ‚΄κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
We need green cities.
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μΉœν™˜κ²½μ μΈ λ„μ‹œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
Second, we need to change our energy system.
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λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ, μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
The world economy must sharply decarbonize,
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νƒ„μ†Œ μ‚¬μš©λŸ‰μ„ κΈ‰κ²©νžˆ 쀄여야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
essentially in one generation.
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특히 우리 μ„ΈλŒ€μ—μ„œμš”.
09:08
Third, we need to change our production-consumption system.
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μ…‹μ§Έ, 생산-μ†ŒλΉ„ 체계λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
We need to break away from current take-make-waste consumption patterns.
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μžμ›μ„ μ“°κ³ , μ œμ‘°ν•˜κ³ , λ‚­λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ†ŒλΉ„ νŒ¨ν„΄μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
And finally, we need to change our food system,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ‹λŸ‰ 체계λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
what to eat and how to produce it.
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μ‹λŸ‰μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ™€ 생산방법을 λ°”κΏ”μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
And all of those four systems
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이 λͺ¨λ“  λ„€ 가지 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€
09:31
are putting enormous pressure on the global commons,
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ‚°μ„ ꡉμž₯히 μ••λ°•ν•˜κ³  있고
09:35
and it's also very difficult to flip them.
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ν•œλ²ˆμ— 바꾸기도 쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
They are extremely complex,
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ꡉμž₯히 λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
with many decision-makers, actors involved.
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이해관계가 μ–½νžŒ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
09:45
Let's take the example of the food system.
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μ‹λŸ‰ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”
09:50
Food production is currently responsible
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μ‹λŸ‰ 생산은 ν˜„μž¬
09:54
for one quarter of greenhouse gas emissions.
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μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰μ˜ 4λΆ„μ˜ 1을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
It is also a main user of the world's water resources.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μˆ˜μžμ›μ„ 주둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 주체이기도 ν•˜μ£ .
10:02
In fact, 70 percent of today's water is used to grow crops.
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사싀 지ꡬ 전체 물의 70%λŠ” μž‘λ¬Όμ„ κΈ°λ₯΄λŠ”데 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
Vast areas of tropical forest are used for agriculture.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 크기의 μ—΄λŒ€ 우림이 농경지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:15
This deforestation drives extinction.
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산림을 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ©΄ 멸쒅이 κ°€μ†ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
In fact, we are losing species 1,000 times faster
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μš”μ¦˜ λ©Έμ’…λ˜λŠ” 생물은 μžμ—° κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ˜ 속도보닀
10:23
than the natural rate.
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1000λ°°λ‚˜ 더 λΉ λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
And on top of all of that bad news,
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이 λ‚˜μœ μ†Œμ‹ 쀑에 μ΅œμ•…μ˜ μ†Œμ‹μ€
10:29
one third of food produced today globally
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μƒμ‚°λ˜λŠ” μ‹λŸ‰μ˜ 3λΆ„μ˜ 1이
10:34
is not eaten.
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λ²„λ €μ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
It's wasted.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ λ‚­λΉ„λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
But there is the good news,
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹λ„ λ¬Όλ‘  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
good signs.
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쒋은 μ§•μ‘°μΈλ°μš”.
10:44
Coalitions of stakeholders
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이해 λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μ—¬μ„œ
10:47
are now coming together to try to transform the food system
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μ‹λŸ‰ 체계λ₯Ό 손보기 μœ„ν•΄ νž˜μ„ ν•©μΉ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:52
with one shared goal:
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단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 곡동 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ£ .
10:54
how to produce enough healthy food for everyone,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 먹을 만큼 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‹λŸ‰μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒμ‚°ν• κΉŒ
10:59
at the same time,
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λ™μ‹œμ—
11:01
to try to cut, to sharply reduce,
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ— μ‹λŸ‰ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ λΌμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을
11:04
the footprint from the food system on the global commons.
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ν˜„μ €ν•˜κ²Œ μ€„μ΄λ©΄μ„œμš”.
11:10
I had an opportunity
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μ €λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „μ—
11:12
to fly over the Indonesian island of Sumatra,
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μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„ 수마트라 섬에 갈 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:17
and I saw with my own eyes
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κ±°κΈ°μ„œ 제 눈으둜 직접 λ΄€μ£ .
11:19
the massive deforestation
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삼림을 μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
11:21
to make room for palm oil plantations.
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨μ˜ μ•Όμžμœ  농μž₯을 λ§Œλ“  λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„μš”.
11:27
By the way, palm oil is included in thousands of food products
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“ , μ•Όμžμœ λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 맀일 λ¨ΉλŠ” 수천 κ°€μ§€μ˜ μŒμ‹ λͺ©λ‘μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
we eat every day.
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11:33
The global demand for palm oil is just increasing.
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ•Όμžμœ μ˜ μˆ˜μš”λŠ” 늘고 있죠.
11:38
In Sumatra, I met smallholder farmers
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μˆ˜λ§ˆνŠΈλΌμ—μ„œ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 농μž₯의 농뢀λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
who need to make a day-to-day living from growing oil palm.
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μ•Όμžλ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό ν‚€μ›Œμ„œ ν•˜λ£¨ν•˜λ£¨ λ¨Ήκ³ μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
11:47
I met global food companies,
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ꡭ제 μ‹λŸ‰ νšŒμ‚¬λ“€λ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
financial institutions
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금육 κΈ°κ΄€λ“€
11:52
and local government officials.
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지방 정뢀기관듀도 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμ£ .
11:56
All of them told me that they can't make the change by themselves,
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μžκΈ°λ“€μ€ ν˜„μž¬ 아무 것도 λ°”κΏ€ 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
12:01
and only by working together under a kind of new contract,
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같이 νž˜μ„ 합쳐 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 약속을 ν•˜κ³ 
12:07
or a new practice,
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ν˜Ήμ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방식을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
12:08
do they have a chance to protect tropical forests.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό μ—΄λŒ€ 산림을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•  κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
So it's so encouraging to see, at least for the last few years,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 긍정적을 λ³Ό 뢀뢄은, 적어도 μ§€λ‚œ λͺ‡ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ,
12:18
this new coalition among these committed actors along the supply chain
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곡급 체인과 ν•¨κ»˜ ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄
12:24
come together to try to transform the food system.
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μ‹λŸ‰ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ¨μ—¬ λ…Έλ ₯ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
In fact, what they are trying to do
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사싀 그듀이 ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” 것은
12:32
is to create a new kind of social contract to manage the global commons.
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ 관리할 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬νšŒ 계약을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:41
All changes start at home,
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λͺ¨λ“  λ³€ν™”λŠ” κ°€μ •μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
at your place and at my place.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 집과, 우리 집 같은 곳이죠.
12:48
At GEF, Global Environment Facility,
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세계 ν™˜κ²½ κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œ
12:52
we have now a new strategy,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³„νšμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:54
and we put the global commons at its center.
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그리고 μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ λ‹€λ£¨κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
I hope we won't be the only ones.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν•˜λ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:04
If everybody stays on the sidelines, waiting for others to step in,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•œμͺ½μ— 멈좰 μ„œμ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ‚˜μ„œκΈ°λ§Œμ„ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦°λ‹€λ©΄
13:09
the global commons will continue to deteriorate,
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ‚°μ€ 계속 λ§κ°€μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
and everybody will be much worse off.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ 더 νž˜λ“€μ–΄μ§€κ² μ£ .
13:18
We need to save ourselves from the tragedy of the commons.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리λ₯Ό κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ λΉ„κ·Ήμ—μ„œ ꡬ해내야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
So, I invite all of you to embrace the global commons.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  받아듀이길 λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
Please do remember that global commons do exist
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μ§€κ΅¬κ³΅μš©μžμ›μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό κΌ­ κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
13:34
and are waiting for your stewardship.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜μ„œμ„œ λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
We all share one planet in common.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 지ꡬλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:42
We breathe the same air,
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같은 곡기둜 μˆ¨μ„ 쉬죠.
13:44
we drink the same water,
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같은 물을 λ§ˆμ‹œκ³ 
13:46
we depend on the same oceans, forests, and biodiversity.
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같은 바닀와, 숲과, 생물닀양성을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
There is no space left on earth for egoism.
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지ꡬ에 더이상 이기주의λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 곡간은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
The global commons must be kept within their safe operating space,
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지ꡬ κ³΅μš©μžμ‚°μ€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€ 내에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:02
and we can only do it together.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ νž˜μ„ ν•©μ³μ•Όλ§Œ ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
Thank you so much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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