Marcos Aguiar: 7 tools for building a business people trust | TED

44,414 views ・ 2021-05-17

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber:
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λ²ˆμ—­: MJ Kang κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:01
I'm talking to you today from my home in Brazil,
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00:04
where I live with my wife and two kids.
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00:06
Let me start by asking a question to the other parents out there.
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00:10
Would you consider asking a total stranger,
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” λΈŒλΌμ§ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” 저희 μ§‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
someone you've never met before, never even seen before,
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아내와 두 아이와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄κ³  있죠.
00:18
to meet your kids after school,
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ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€κ»˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λ‚˜ λ˜μ Έλ³Όκ²Œμš”.
00:20
put your kids in their car --
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00:22
which, by the way, you haven't seen either --
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μ „ν˜€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆλ‹€μΉ˜μ£ .
00:24
and drive them halfway across town?
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ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ λ§Œλ‚˜λ³Έ 적 μ—†κ³ , λ³Έ 적도 μ—†λŠ” 그런 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—μš”.
00:27
Even just asking that hypothetical question freaks me out.
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κ·Έμ—κ²Œ μ• λ“€ 학ꡐ λλ‚˜κ³  데렀닀 달라고 ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
00:31
Let me ask you another question.
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아이듀을 차에 νƒœμ›Œμ•Ό ν•  텐데
00:33
Would you invest in a business that does that --
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심지어 κ·Έ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ³Έ 적도 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
00:35
have strangers driving kids around town?
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그런 μ°¨λ₯Ό 타고 였게 ν•œλ‹¨ 말이죠.
00:39
It seems like an absurdly untrustworthy value proposition,
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κ·Έλƒ₯ κ°€μƒμ˜ μ§ˆλ¬ΈμΈλ°λ„ μ†Œλ¦„μ΄ λΌμΉ˜λ„€μš”.
μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°”κΏ”λ³Όκ²Œμš”.
00:44
an impossible business plan, doomed to fail, doesn't it?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ 그런 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ νˆ¬μžν•˜μ‹€ 생각이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 아이듀 ν•˜κ΅κΈΈ 톡학을 λŒ€μ‹  ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ 말이죠.
00:48
Well, this may come as a surprise to you,
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00:50
but back in 2014,
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ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†κ³  μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ œμ•ˆμ²˜λŸΌ 보이죠?
00:53
three moms started a company called HopSkipDrive,
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00:56
with this exact model.
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λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 사업 κ³„νšμ΄κ³ , λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보이지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
00:59
It's served one million customers,
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°μš”, μ•„λ§ˆ λ†€λΌμ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
01:01
and, in February 2020, raised 22 million dollars
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2014년에
01:04
and expanded to several cities in the US.
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μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ HopSkipDriveλΌλŠ” νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ°¨λ Έμ–΄μš”.
01:07
Is the business foolproof?
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ 사업λͺ¨λΈλ‘œ 말이죠.
01:10
Well, no business is,
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백만 λͺ…이 이 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν–ˆκ³ ,
01:12
but it's good enough to keep growing.
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2020λ…„ 2μ›”μ—λŠ” 2200만 λ‹¬λŸ¬(250얡원)λ₯Ό λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μ—¬
01:14
How did they do that?
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01:16
How did they create trust
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미ꡭ의 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ„μ‹œλ‘œ 사업을 ν™•μž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
in what many of us believe
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사업이 κ°„λ‹¨ν•΄λ³΄μ΄λ‚˜μš”?
01:20
is one of the most inherently untrustworthy situations possible?
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ–΄λ–€ 사업도 쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 계속 μ„±μž₯ν•  수 있죠.
01:25
The short answer -- they built trust in the overall system.
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κ·Έ μ„Έ λͺ…μ˜ μ—„λ§ˆλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μ£Όμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:30
Customers don't necessarily trust HopSkip drivers --
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심지어 μš°λ¦¬λ“€ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ λ³΄κΈ°μ—λŠ”
본질적으둜 μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 상황인데도 말이죠.
01:33
that would be relational trust.
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01:35
But they do trust the HopSkipDrive system --
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κ²°λ‘ λΆ€ν„° λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄,
01:38
what we call "systemic trust."
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그듀은 전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
And that's what makes it work.
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고객듀은 HopSkip μš΄μ „μˆ˜ 자체λ₯Ό λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•„μš”.
01:43
I am fascinated by this.
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κ·Έ μš΄μ „μˆ˜μ•Όλ§λ‘œ λ―Ώμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μ‚¬λžŒμΈλ°λ„μš”.
01:47
Here in Brazil,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 고객듀이 μ‹ λ’°ν•˜λŠ” 건 HopSkipDrive μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μžμ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
people these days tend to say that trust is a rare commodity.
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이것을 β€œμ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ  μ‹ λ’°β€œλΌκ³  ν•΄μš”.
01:51
I don't think we are alone.
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01:53
Trust appears to have broken down all around us.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 사업 운영의 비결이죠.
μ €λŠ” 여기에 λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
And yet, the concept of trust has never been so fashionable.
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μ—¬κΈ° 브라질 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μš”μ¦˜
μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό ν¬κ·€ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
But what is trust, really?
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브라질 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λΏλ§Œμ€ 아닐 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:04
Is it a feeling,
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우리 μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ μ‹ λ’°κ°€ 사라진 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
02:06
an invisible part of our human DNA or culture,
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02:09
or this quasi-spiritual thing, like the Force in Star Wars?
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그런데 μ‹ λ’°λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ£Όλͺ©λ°›μ€ 적도 μ—†μ£ .
02:14
Or is it really something more concrete?
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근데, 정말 β€˜μ‹ λ’°β€™λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
μ–΄λ–€ κ°μ •μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:18
I am an engineer and a consultant --
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우리 DNAλ‚˜ λ¬Έν™” μ•ˆμ— 감좰진 ν•œ λΆ€λΆ„μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:19
worse still, with a PhD -- sorry about that.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μŠ€νƒ€μ›Œμ¦ˆμ˜ ν¬μŠ€μ™€ 같은 영적인 힘 같은 κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
02:23
I study the structures and systems of businesses and organizations.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄, 정말 보닀 ꡬ체적인 κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
02:27
So, a couple of years ago,
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02:28
I started wondering whether we could decode and manage
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μ €λŠ” μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄μ΄λ©΄μ„œ μ»¨μ„€ν„΄νŠΈμΈλ°μš”.
κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 아직도 λ°•μ‚¬κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„μš”.
02:32
this seemingly intangible concept of trust.
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02:35
I'm pleased to report we are doing it,
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μ €λŠ” κΈ°μ—…μ΄λ‚˜ 쑰직의 ꡬ쑰와 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
which I believe is really important,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에,
02:40
because from my perspective,
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μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  관리할 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ κ°–κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:42
if we can decode how trust impacts businesses,
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ν˜•μ²΄κ°€ μ—†λŠ” β€˜μ‹ λ’°β€™λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ 말이죠.
02:45
we can make them more successful,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ•Œλ¦΄ 수 있게 λ˜μ–΄ κΈ°μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
which might mean that their partners and employees
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μ €λŠ” 이것이 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―Ώκ±°λ“ μš”.
02:51
are more engaged and can be more cooperative.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 제 κ²¬ν•΄λ‘œλŠ”
02:53
And we, as customers, can be happier, more satisfied and safer
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μ‹ λ’°κ°€ 기업에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 해독할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
사업을 λ”μš± μ„±κ³΅μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„ ν…Œκ³ μš”.
02:58
when we interact with them.
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03:00
So, today, I want to present to you the results of our study,
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이것은 λ˜ν•œ, 이사와 직원듀도
λ”μš± μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  ν˜‘λ ₯ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
그러면 고객듀은 더 행볡해지고, λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜κ³ , μ•ˆμ „ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
and also offer to you a toolbox to build systemic trust.
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고객이 κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό μ†Œν†΅ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
03:12
We basically started with a sizable graveyard
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 저희 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°œν‘œν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
of over 100 failed business ecosystems.
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그리고 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ  μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
And by "business ecosystem,"
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03:21
we mean a business that can only function if all participants cooperate.
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기본적으둜 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ½€ λ§Žμ€ 무덀을 μ‚΄ν”ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Care.com, a childcare ecosystem, is a great example.
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100개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 무덀 말이죠.
03:30
Independent babysitters, independent parents,
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이 β€œλΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μƒνƒœκ³„β€œλž€
03:33
all have to work together in order to make the system work.
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μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  기업이 ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 사업을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
Amazon and Apple iOS are also business ecosystems.
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Care.comμ΄λΌλŠ” 보윑 μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ 쒋은 사둀죠.
03:42
It is that necessary cooperation
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λŒλ΄„ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 개인 ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ΄
03:44
that makes those business ecosystems a perfect laboratory to study trust.
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κ·Έ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€ ν•¨κ»˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
03:50
And in this study, we defined trust as the confidence
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Amazonκ³Ό Apple iOS도 λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μƒνƒœκ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
that someone or something will deliver on a promise
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그것은 ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ ν˜‘λ ₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그런 λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μƒνƒœκ³„λ“€μ΄ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 연ꡬ할 μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
or behave as expected.
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04:00
We went into this wanting to understand
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그리고 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λž€ 확신이라고 μ •μ˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:03
whether trust was playing any role whatsoever
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 무언가가 약속을 μ΄ν–‰ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:06
in these failed ecosystems' inability to scale and grow
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04:10
in comparison to their successful peers.
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μ˜ˆμƒλŒ€λ‘œ 행동할 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” ν™•μ‹ μ΄μš”.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 뢀뢄을 더 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
For instance, we studied Orkut versus Facebook.
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μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 역할이라도 ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
04:18
What is that?
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ν™•μž₯도 μ„±μž₯도 λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 무λŠ₯λ ₯ν•œ 이 μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€
04:19
You don't know what Orkut is?
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04:22
Why doesn't that surprise me?
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성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 말이죠.
04:24
RIM / Blackberry versus Apple iOS or Android,
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μ˜ˆμ»¨λŒ€, Orkut와 Facebook을 λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
HouseTrip versus Airbnb.
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04:30
I bet you haven't booked your last vacation on HouseTrip, have you?
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그게 λ­λƒκ΅¬μš”?
Orkut이 뭔지 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ„Έμš”?
04:34
You get the idea.
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λ†€λžμ§€λ„ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
RIMμ‚¬μ˜ Blackberry와 Apple iOS λ˜λŠ” Android도 있죠.
04:37
What we found is that trust does play a meaningful role
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HouseTripκ³Ό Airbnb도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:41
between success and failure of business ecosystems.
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μž₯λ‹΄μ»¨λŒ€ μ§€λ‚œ νœ΄κ°€μ—¬ν–‰ μ˜ˆμ•½μ„ HouseTripμ—μ„œ ν•˜μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ±Έμš”. 맞죠?
04:46
It wasn't always the final nail in the coffin,
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이제 이해가 λ˜μ‹œμ£ .
04:48
but it was relevant [enough] to send more than half to the graveyard.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 μ‹ λ’°κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Why was that?
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λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 성곡과 μ‹€νŒ¨ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œμš”.
04:54
Many of the failed ecosystems made the mistake
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04:57
of naively assuming that cooperation anchored on trust
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관짝에 λͺ»μ„ 박을 μ •λ„λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„
절반 이상을 무덀으둜 보내버리기에 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 관련성이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
would spontaneously emerge between complete strangers.
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μ™œ κ·Έλž¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
05:05
And yet, we found more than 70 percent of uncooperative behaviors
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λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ 저지λ₯Έ μ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μˆœμ§„ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
in the failed ecosystems.
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신뒰에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ ν˜‘λ ₯이
05:11
In contrast,
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05:13
nearly nine in 10 of the successful ecosystems
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λ‚―μ„  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 자발적으둜 생길 거라고 믿은 것이죠.
05:17
actively embedded trust right into the workings of the platform.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 70% 이상이 λΉ„ν˜‘μ‘°μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
They built systemic trust.
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ,
05:24
In essence, ecosystems were competing on trust.
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성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œλŠ” 거의 90%κ°€
05:28
Trust had become a source of competitive advantage.
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ν”Œλž«νΌ μž‘λ™μ— 적극적인 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€μ£ .
05:33
The question, then, is "How did they do it?"
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β€œμ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ  μ‹ λ’°β€œκ°€ ν˜•μ„±λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
How did they design for trust?
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본질적으둜 μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό 두고 κ²½μŸν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
05:39
When we examined the successful ecosystems,
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μ‹ λ’°λŠ” 경쟁 μš°μœ„μ˜ μ›μ²œμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
we found seven trust tools embedded in them.
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그럼 λ‹€μŒ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 이게 되겠죠, β€œμ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•œ 거지?”
05:47
Let me start with the first one, access.
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그듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:50
Many of the successful ecosystems define very well who is allowed in
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성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό,
κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ μ‹ λ’° ν˜•μ„±μ„ μœ„ν•œ 일곱 가지 방법을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
and who can be kicked out of the platform for bad behavior.
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05:59
HopSkipDrive does access well.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” β€œμ ‘κ·Όμ„±β€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
It takes the drivers through a strict background check
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λ§Žμ€ 성곡적 μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” 뢄리가 μ² μ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
before they are hired into the platform.
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ— λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό λ‚˜μœ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ 쫓겨날 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ£ .
06:07
They also have a zero tolerance policy,
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06:10
which is superclear to everyone,
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HopSkipDriveλŠ” 접근성을 잘 μ œν•œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
so drivers know they can be terminated
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μš΄μ „μ‚¬λ₯Ό κ³ μš©ν•  λ•Œ μ—„κ²©ν•œ 신원쑰사λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
if they are caught illegally using their mobile phones while driving.
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νšŒμ‚¬ ν”Œλž«νΌμ— μ ‘κ·Όμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μ „μ—μš”.
06:19
Next is contracts.
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λ˜ν•œ λ¬΄κ΄€μš©μ˜ 원칙을 μ‹œν–‰ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:21
Trustworthy ecosystems formalize a relationship with all participants
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λͺ¨λ“  μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:24
through contracts.
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μš΄μ „ 쀑에 ν•Έλ“œν°μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μš΄μ „μˆ˜λŠ” ν•΄κ³ λ‹Ήν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ£ .
06:26
If you've ever clicked the box "I agree to the terms and conditions,"
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06:29
you signed an ecosystem contract.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ β€œκ³„μ•½β€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
Then, there is incentives, and this is a big one.
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μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό κ³΅μ‹ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
06:35
Successful ecosystems encourage cooperation through rewards,
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계약 과정을 κ±°μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
β€˜μ΄μš©μ•½κ΄€μ— λ™μ˜β€™λΌλŠ” λ°•μŠ€μ— μ²΄ν¬ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄
06:40
or by motivating participants to interact with each other in a positive manner.
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당신은 μƒνƒœκ³„ 계약을 μ²΄κ²°ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ‹€μŒμ€ β€œλ³΄μƒβ€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이거 ꡉμž₯ν•œ κ±°μ—μš”.
06:45
eBay and Amazon use reputation as an incentive.
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성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” 보상을 톡해 ν˜‘λ ₯을 μž₯λ €ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
If you're a seller, and you have good reputation,
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06:52
you can charge higher prices for your products.
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λ˜λŠ” 긍정적인 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ°Έμ—¬μžμ—κ²Œ 동기λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μš”.
06:56
Then, there is control,
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06:57
and I know it's a bit off to talk about control in trust,
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eBay와 Amazonμ—μ„œλŠ” ν‰νŒμ΄ λ³΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ 주어지죠.
07:01
but we are not talking about forceful control --
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λ§Œμ•½ 당신이 판맀자이고 ν‰νŒμ΄ μ’‹λ‹€λ©΄
07:04
it’s more like a gentle guidance,
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μ œν’ˆμ„ 더 λΉ„μ‹Ό 가격에 νŒ” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
like an invisible hand nudging you in the right direction.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ β€œν†΅μ œβ€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°, ν†΅μ œλΌλ‹ˆ? μ•½κ°„ λ²—μ–΄λ‚œ 것 κ°™λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
Successful ecosystems shape the behavior of participants
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ μš”.
07:14
so the kind of cooperation required will emerge in the platform.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œμ˜ ν†΅μ œλž€ μΉœμ ˆν•œ μ•ˆλ‚΄μ‚¬ν•­ 같은 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
마치 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 손이 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ΄λ„λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
07:19
Uber does control well,
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07:21
and it dictates to the driver the best route to take,
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성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” μ°Έμ—¬μžμ˜ 행동을 μœ λ„ν•˜κ³ 
07:24
so the passenger trusts the driver will not take the longer route
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ ν˜‘λ ₯이 μ €μ ˆλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
just to make some more money.
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07:30
Then, there is transparency,
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μš°λ²„κ°€ 그런 ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό 잘 ν•˜μ£ .
07:32
which is superclear, isn't it?
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μš΄μ „μžμ—κ²Œ 졜적 경둜둜 갈 것을 μ§€μ‹œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
07:34
Sort of, ecosystems who are trustworthy make past and present behavior visible
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μŠΉκ°μ—κ²Œ 괜히 λ¨Ό 길둜 λŒμ•„κ°€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
돈 벌렀고 κ·ΈλŸ¬μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” μ‹ λ’°μ£ .
07:40
to everyone participating in the platform.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ β€œνˆ¬λͺ…μ„±β€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 정말 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•˜μ£ . κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
07:43
And that's the reason why you feel a pit in your stomach
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07:46
if you've ever booked an Airbnb
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μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ”
07:48
with a host who is new to the platform and doesn't have any reviews yet.
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과거와 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 행동을 ν”Œλž«νΌ μ°Έμ—¬μž λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ κ³΅κ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
And of course, Airbnb has managed to make transparency work both ways.
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이점 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λΆˆνŽΈν•¨μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:57
If you are a guest, and you trash a house, the other hosts will know about it
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Airbnbμ—μ„œ μˆ™μ†Œλ₯Ό μ˜ˆμ•½ν•  λ•Œ,
아직 리뷰가 ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ μ—†λŠ” μ‹ κ·œ 호슀트λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμ•½ν—€μ•Ό ν•  경우죠.
08:01
thanks to the Airbnb review system.
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08:05
Then, there is intermediation.
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λ¬Όλ‘  AirbnbλŠ” 투λͺ…성이 μ–‘λ°©ν–₯으둜 μž‘λ™λ˜λ„λ‘ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
How does the platform act as a middleman
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08:09
in the moments of truth of cooperation?
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집을 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μž₯으둜 λ§Œλ“  이용자λ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜ΈμŠ€νŠΈκ°€ μ•Œ 수 있게 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
08:13
Taobao, Alibaba's online shopping platform,
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Airbnb의 리뷰 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 덕이죠.
08:16
does intermediation when it acts as an escrow agent
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λ‹€μŒμ€ β€œμ€‘κ°œβ€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν”Œλž«νΌμ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ€‘κ°œμž 역할을 ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:20
between sellers and buyers.
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ν˜‘λ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ§„μ‹€μ˜ μˆœκ°„μ— 말이죠.
08:22
It basically holds the seller's money,
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08:24
until the buyer says she is satisfied with the product.
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μ•Œλ¦¬λ°”λ°”μ˜ 온라인 μ‡Όν•‘ ν”Œλž«νΌμΈ νƒ€μ˜€λ°”μ˜€λŠ”
μ—μŠ€ν¬λ‘œ μ—μ΄μ „νŠΈλΌλŠ” μ€‘κ°œ 역할을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
Last but not least, mitigation.
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08:32
How does the platform handle mishaps
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νŒλ§€μžμ™€ ꡬ맀자 μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œμš”.
08:34
or prevent them from happening in the first place?
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νƒ€μ˜€λ°”μ˜€λŠ” 기본적으둜 판맀자의 λˆμ„ λ¬Άμ–΄λ‘‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ΅¬λ§€μžκ°€ μ œν’ˆμ— λ§Œμ‘±ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€μš”.
08:38
Did you know that LiveAuctioneers,
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08:40
an auctions platform for art, collectibles and antiques,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ β€œλ¦¬μŠ€ν¬ κ²½κ°β€œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것도 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
08:44
has a broad protection program that guarantees payments on the platform?
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ€ 사고λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
ν˜Ήμ€ μ• μ΄ˆμ— 사고가 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°©μ§€ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:49
That's an example of mitigation.
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ LiveAuctioneers μ•„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
08:52
So those are the seven trust tools, the toolbox.
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λ―Έμˆ ν’ˆ, μˆ˜μ§‘ν’ˆ 및 κ³¨λ™ν’ˆ 경맀 ν”Œλž«νΌμΈλ°,
κ·Έ ν”Œλž«νΌμ—λŠ” μ§€λΆˆμ„ λ³΄μ¦ν•˜λŠ” κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ 보호 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
Even more interesting is how they appear to combine
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09:00
in the successful ecosystems we studied.
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이것이 리슀크 경감의 ν•œ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
On the one hand, there is no silver bullet,
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 일곱 가지 μ‹ λ’° 도ꡬ, 즉 νˆ΄λ°•μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
no single tool that can solve for trust.
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09:10
On the other hand,
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훨씬 더 ν₯미둜운 점은 이듀을 κ²°ν•©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
you don't need the seven tools to be successful.
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우리 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
09:14
You need 3.6, on average.
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ”,
09:17
So how do you pick?
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μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” νŠΉνš¨μ•½μ΄λ‚˜ 단일 λ„κ΅¬λž€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
It depends on the kind of ecosystem you design.
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09:22
If interactions among the participants are key,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ”,
사업 성곡에 7가지 도ꡬ가 λͺ¨λ‘ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:25
like in most social-media ecosystems,
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ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 3.6 개 μ •λ„μ˜ˆμš”.
09:28
you will require a combination of access, transparency and control
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 무엇을 κ³ λ₯΄μ‹œκ² μ–΄μš”?
당신이 κ³„νšν•˜λŠ” 사업 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ— 따라 λ‹€λ₯Ό κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
in order to be successful.
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09:34
These are the very tools Facebook uses,
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μ°Έκ°€μž κ°„μ˜ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©μ΄ 핡심이라면
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œμ™€ 같이
09:38
and these are the tools, interestingly enough,
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09:40
causing Facebook so much grief right now.
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μ ‘κ·Όμ„±, 투λͺ…μ„±, ν†΅μ œμ˜ μ„Έ 가지 도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‘°ν•©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:44
When there is a main last mile for the delivery of the promise,
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성곡할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ„Έ 가지가 Facebook이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ 도ꡬ듀이며,
09:48
like in most gig economy ecosystems,
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ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„
09:51
then, you will require mitigation in order to cater for failed delivery.
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ν˜„μž¬ Facebook을 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ 큰 μŠ¬ν””μ— 빠뜨리고 μžˆλŠ” 도ꡬ듀이죠.
μ΅œμ’… λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ 약속 이행이 핡심이라면
09:57
When there is a large asymmetry of information,
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09:59
say between sellers and buyers in used goods marketplaces,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 계약직 ν™œμš© 경제 μƒνƒœκ³„μ—μ„œμ²˜λŸΌ
10:03
then, you'll require a combination of intermediation and mitigation.
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이헹에 μ‹€νŒ¨ν•˜λŠ” 경우λ₯Ό λŒ€λΉ„ν•œ 리슀크 μ™„ν™”κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
And of course, when there are many dimensions to the platform,
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μ •λ³΄μ˜ λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ„±μ΄ 큰 경우,
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ€‘κ³ ν’ˆ μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ νŒλ§€μžμ™€ ꡬ맀자 관계 같은 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
10:12
you will require a larger combination of tools.
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μ€‘κ°œμ™€ 리슀크 μ™„ν™”μ˜ 쑰합이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
Let me say one more thing,
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10:17
because I've been a consultant long enough
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10:19
to know that many of the business leaders watching this may be saying,
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그리고 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ, ν”Œλž«νΌμ— μ—¬λŸ¬ 차원이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
10:24
"Hey, this is great.
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더 λ§Žμ€ λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 쑰합이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ² μ§€μš”.
10:26
Let's digitize all these tools
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10:28
and we'll have the best and most successful ecosystem ever."
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ 더 λ§ν• κ²Œμš”.
μ œκ°€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ»¨μ„€ν„΄νŠΈλ‘œ 일해 μ™”κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 잘 μ•„λŠ”λ°,
μ•„λ§ˆ λ§Žμ€ 사업주뢄듀이 μ˜μƒμ„ 보고 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹€κΊΌμ—μš”.
10:33
Well, before you move to action, let me tell you something.
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10:36
Yes, digital plays a meaningful role in enabling trust,
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β€œμ΄κ±° ꡉμž₯ν•˜λ‹€.
이 λͺ¨λ“  도ꡬλ₯Ό λ””μ§€ν„Έν™”ν•΄μ„œ
κ°€μž₯ 성곡적인 졜고의 νšŒμ‚¬λ₯Ό 차리겠어.”
10:41
and in some cases, the very existence of the ecosystem.
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음, 싀행에 λ‚˜μ„œκΈ° 전에 이 말씀을 λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.
10:46
You could say that digital could be the backbone of systemic trust.
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예, 디지털은 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜λ©°,
10:52
However, there is no such thing as trustless trust.
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μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 쑴재 μžμ²΄κ°€ 되죠.
10:57
No matter how fabulous the code, how advanced the blockchain,
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디지털이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ  μ‹ λ’°μ˜ 쀑좔라고 말할 μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:01
digital cannot solve for trust alone.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ‹ λ’°λž€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
And that's why we found
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11:07
nine in 10 of the most successful ecosystems
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ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ 아무리 ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜κ³  블둝체인이 아무리 λ°œμ „ν•˜λ”λΌλ„
11:10
to be bionic trust systems,
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λ””μ§€ν„Έλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
meaning they use a combination of digital and nondigital, human tools --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은,
κ°€μž₯ 성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„ 10개 쀑 9κ°œλŠ”
11:20
such as contracts, policies, governance --
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생체 곡학 μ‹ λ’° μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ λ˜λŠ”λ°,
11:23
in order to build trust on the platform.
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11:26
At the risk of showing my Star Wars fan card again to you,
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μ΄λŠ” 디지털 및 비디지털, 즉 인간적 λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 쑰합을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
think about it this way:
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11:32
if you want to build a successful ecosystem,
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인간적인 λ„κ΅¬λž€ 계약, μ •μ±…, 관리와 같은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
11:34
and a trustworthy one,
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ν”Œλž«νΌμ—μ„œ μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
you need to think of the Jedi, the Skywalkers.
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제 μŠ€νƒ€μ›Œμ¦ˆ 팬 μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ €μ•Όμ§€ μ‹Άμ€λ°μš”.
11:40
Every time they go into an adventure, they take their favorite droids with them,
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이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:44
R2-D2 and C-3PO.
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성곡적인 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
11:46
They actually make up a bionic team.
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μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
μ œλ‹€μ΄ μŠ€μΉ΄μ΄μ›Œμ»€λ“€μ„ 생각해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
I know today, we talked a lot about trust in business systems,
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그듀은 λͺ¨ν—˜μ„ λ– λ‚  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ“œλ‘œμ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 데리고 κ°€μ£ .
11:55
however, that's not where the conversation should end.
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R2-D2와 C-3POλ₯Όμš”.
그듀은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 생체곡학 νŒ€μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
Systems are all around us --
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12:02
schools, governments, health care.
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였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„μ¦ˆλ‹ˆμŠ€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μƒμ˜ 신뒰에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ΄μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
Could those systems become more trustworthy
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  이야기가 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
through the use of the tools in the toolbox?
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우리 주변에 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ“€,
12:13
I don't see why not.
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학ꡐ, μ •λΆ€, μ˜λ£Œμ‹œμ„€μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ“€μ΄
12:15
So if you are designing any system, but especially an ecosystem,
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λ”μš± μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ 될 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
12:20
give those tools a try.
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νˆ΄λ°•μŠ€μ˜ μ € 도ꡬ듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
12:23
If you do that,
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12:24
I can almost guarantee the Force will be with you.
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μ™œ μ•ˆ λ˜κ² μ–΄μš”.
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ, ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄λ“  μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
12:29
Trust me.
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12:30
Thank you.
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특히 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 경우라면
μ € 도ꡬ듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
μ‚¬μš©ν•΄ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄,
ν¬μŠ€κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ν•  κ±°λΌλŠ” κ±Έ μž₯λ‹΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ―Ώμ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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