How to rebuild the global economy | Kristalina Georgieva

66,280 views ใƒป 2020-05-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: TED Translators Admin ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋ถ„์€
์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:12
Chris Anderson: I get now to introduce
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00:14
one of the most powerful women in the world.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
I mean, if we are to escape from the mess that we're in right now,
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๊ตญ์ œํ†ตํ™”๊ธฐ๊ธˆ(IMF)์˜ ์ˆ˜์žฅ์ด์‹ 
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒŒ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ์—๋ฐ” ์ด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ชจ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
she is going to play a major part in helping us do that.
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00:27
She's the head of the International Monetary Fund,
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์–ด์„œ์˜ค์„ธ์š”, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜.
KG: ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค. ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”.
00:29
a delight to welcome here Kristalina Georgieva.
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CA: ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ๋ง ์ด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:36
Kristalina, welcome.
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4๊ฐœ์›”๋งŒ์— ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:37
Kristalina Georgieva: Great to be with you, Chris.
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00:39
Thank you for having me.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ‘์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด์ฃ .
00:41
CA: So you just took on this role late last year,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:44
and within four months, boom, COVID arrives.
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KG: ํ™œ๋™์— ํž˜์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
That is one heck of an introduction to a new job.
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IMF๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
00:51
How are you doing?
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00:54
KG: Well, I find strength in action.
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์›์„ ๋™์›ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:59
And at the Fund,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ตฌ์ œ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
we have been, from day one on this crisis,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:04
leaning forward with everything we have
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 90๊ฑด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์› ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:07
to provide lifelines to countries,
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01:11
and that means to people and businesses.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ 56๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—
01:15
Already, we have received over 90 requests
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ธˆ์œต์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
and we have offered, to 56 countries,
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CA: ์ด๋ฒˆ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์—ฌํƒ€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋“ฏ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ,
์–ด๋–ค ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:26
critical financial packages.
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KG: ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
CA: You've described this pandemic as a crisis like no other.
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๋จผ์ €, ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„
01:34
In what way a crisis like no other?
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ง€์šด ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
KG: Truly like no other.
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01:39
First, never before
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:44
we will inflict on the economy consciously so much pain
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ค‘๋‹จ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
์†Œ๋น„์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:50
to fight a virus and save lives.
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์ €ํฌ IMF๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  โ€˜๋Œ€๋ด‰์‡„โ€™๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
We are asking businesses not to produce
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01:57
and consumers not to go out and consume.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ
์ด์ „์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„
02:00
At the Fund, we labeled this "the Great Lockdown."
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
Second,
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02:08
never before
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:11
there would be such a rapid change of fortunes
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์ง€๋‚œ 1์›”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ณด์Šค ํฌ๋Ÿผ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•ด
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ 3%๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
practically for everybody around the world.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 4์›” ๋ด„ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค -3% ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
In January, I was in Davos,
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02:24
talking about "anemic growth," growth of three percent.
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์ง€๋‚œ 1์›” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋‹น์‹œ,
์ €ํฌ๋Š” 160๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
In April, during our spring meetings, it was already minus three percent.
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02:35
In January,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ 170๊ฐœ๊ตญ ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ 1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
we predicted 160 countries to have positive income per capita growth.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ '๋Œ€์—ญ์ „'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Now it is 170 countries with negative income per capita growth.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Now this, we call "the Great Reversal."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์†์— ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€์ง€์š”.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”
02:55
Very painful.
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์ด ์‹ ์ข… ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„
02:56
And three, uncertainty.
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02:59
We always live with uncertainty, Chris,
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์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
but this time,
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03:04
it is the uncertainty of a novel coronavirus
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IMF์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„
03:09
that policymakers have to integrate.
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•ด
03:12
We at the Fund combine epidemiological projections
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
with our traditional macroeconomic modeling
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๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€,
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
to see through that uncertainty.
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์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” โ€˜๋Œ€์ „ํ™˜โ€™์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:26
I must add to this,
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03:29
I very much hope that when we go on the other side in the recovery,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก์š”.
03:34
we can use a new term and call it "the Great Transformation."
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CA: ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ €๋„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๊ณ 
03:39
Make the world a better place.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:43
CA: Well, I'll be excited to come on to that in a bit.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ€์–‘์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:47
But in this moment of responding to the crisis,
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03:49
the main tool that seems to have been executed,
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์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
at least by the rich countries,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:54
has been this massive economic stimulus,
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KG: ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
to the tune of trillions of dollars.
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IMF๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Is that a wise response?
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โ€œ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ํ‘ธ์„ธ์š”.โ€
04:05
KG: It is a necessity.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:08
And you don't hear the Fund often telling countries,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์˜์ˆ˜์ฆ์„ ์ž˜ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š”.
04:13
"Please, spend.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ, ๋‚ฉ์„ธ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.โ€
04:14
Spend as much as you can."
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04:16
And that is what we do now.
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04:17
We do add to that,
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์ž๊ธˆ ํˆฌ์ž…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
04:19
"And keep the receipts.
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04:22
Don't lose accountability to the citizens, to the tax payers."
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 9์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ์ • ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
04:27
The reason financial injection is necessary,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
these fiscal measures of almost nine trillion dollars are necessary,
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ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์–‘์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:38
is because when the economy is standing still,
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๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ค„๋„์‚ฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
04:43
unless there is help,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
04:45
unless there is monetary policy stimulus,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์—๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
firms are going to go massively bankrupt,
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ํšŒ๋ณต๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
์ด ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
people would be unemployed,
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04:55
the economy would be scarred.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ˆ์„ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ณ ,
04:57
When we go to the other side,
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04:59
this scarring is going to make the recovery much more difficult.
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์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด
๋ฐœ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์„œ
05:05
So that is a wise thing to do,
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05:07
and it helps the fact that central banks in major economies
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์–‘์ฑ…์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:13
have been acting in a synchronized manner
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์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
and that fiscal stimulus came really, really fast.
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CA: ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:20
This is how we see people being able to go through this
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ฃ .
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:25
very, very tough time.
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:27
CA: But how far can it go?
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05:29
Because it's been described, in a sense, as "printing money" --
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ์šฉ์–ด ์ค‘์— โ€˜๋ฏผ์Šคํ‚ค ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธโ€™๋ž€ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:32
governments are issuing more and more bonds
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ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์ž˜ ๊ตด๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
05:35
that have to paid back at some point.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”,
05:39
There's this term, in economics, of the Minsky moment,
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๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:41
where things can go very well for a while,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
์ •๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:44
as everyone believes that, you know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
05:48
that the train can keep running,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์Šคํ‚ค ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
05:50
the cycle can keep turning,
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05:52
you know, that governments have all this money.
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๋งˆ์น˜ โ€˜๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ํฌํ•€์Šคโ€™์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์ดํด์ด
05:55
At some point, though, doesn't that break down?
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2ํŽœ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฅ๊ณ  ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:57
Do you worry that we may be nearing a Minsky moment,
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
06:00
where, like Michael in Mary Poppins
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๊ฐ€์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:03
grabs his tuppence and starts a run on the bank.
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06:06
Is there stress in the international financial system now
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KG: ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์˜์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
that concerns you,
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06:12
that makes you feel that we may be running out of headroom?
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์š”.
06:16
KG: Of course, this cannot go on forever.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„
06:21
I, for one, have trust in our scientists,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‘๊ธฐ์™€
06:23
I think we will see breakthroughs,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์†Œํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
and we will see also people in businesses
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๋ณด๊ฑด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๊ณ 
06:30
getting accustomed to social distancing,
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06:33
to micromeasures that protect from spreading the disease.
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๋ณ‘์›์€ ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
We have seen very massive injection in health systems,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:42
so hospitals can actually treat people that are coming for help.
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๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
06:47
Obviously, if it is to go for a very long time,
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๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:52
we would be worried.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
For now,
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06:55
what we are projecting
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06:57
is that there would be a gradual reopening --
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋…„์ธ 2021๋…„์—๋Š”
๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
we see it already happening in a number of countries.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ
์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
And we project for next year, 2021,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:09
a partial recovery.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
07:10
Not a full recovery, unfortunately,
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07:13
but coming to a better place.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
07:15
Now, what helps us
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์ดˆ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
is something that I don't particularly love,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:22
but I see it as a positive feature --
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์ดˆ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰๊ณผ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด
07:26
very low interest rates,
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07:29
in some cases, negative --
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
that allows this injection of fiscal measures and liquidity
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ
๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
to be sustained over a number of years.
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ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์ €๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
07:41
And for now, we do not see on the horizon
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
any return to increase in interest rates.
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07:48
So low for longer,
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CA: 2008๋…„ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š”
07:51
and that is, in that environment, a helpful feature.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆด ๋งŒํผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
CA: I mean, the financial crisis of 2008
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ถ•๊ดด๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
came perilously close to breaking the entire financial system --
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08:05
arguably, it did that.
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์ง€๋‚œ 2008๋…„ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ตํ›ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:07
By most people's calculation,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:09
this is a far worse impact to the economy overall.
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08:13
Did the world learn something from 2008
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KG: ๋‹น์‹œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:17
that has helped us so far be resilient this time?
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
KG: What the world learned is that the financial system
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
has to be tested
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08:29
and then strengthened to withstand shocks.
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์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ž˜ ๊ฒฌ๋””๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:33
And that is helping us tremendously today.
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์€ํ–‰ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๋„
08:37
The banking system is resilient,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ
08:42
and even in the nonbanking financial institutions,
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์ด ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
there is more attention paid
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
to how far can you go without running into trouble.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
I would say,
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08:59
if you look around the world,
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๊ทธ ํž˜์„ ๊ธธ๋ €๋˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž˜ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
the most important lesson then was "build resilience to shocks."
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Those who have done it cope now better.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €ํฌ IMF๋Š”,
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
ํšŒ๋ณต ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„
09:13
And those who have not done it are in a much tougher spot.
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09:17
And actually, for the Fund,
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์€ํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ
09:19
what we are praying
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09:21
is that we will come out of this crisis with this lesson about resilience
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
being spread beyond the banking system,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:30
so we actually have this crisis-management mindset
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜
๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ฐจ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์š”.
09:34
for a world that is inevitably going to be more shock-prone,
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09:41
because of climate
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CA: IMF ์ด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ
09:42
and also because of the sheer density of economic and social life on our planet.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
CA: In your role,
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09:51
you're paying special attention to the situation in developing countries.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
And it does seem that they're facing a really terrible situation right now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:01
Many of them have significant debt denominated in dollars.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„
10:08
In the current crisis,
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10:09
their currencies are depreciating against the dollar,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
10:13
making it nigh impossible for them to execute the kind of injection,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:19
stimulus injections,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:20
that the rich countries are doing
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10:22
and seems to be the only way out.
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KG: ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š”
10:25
So that seems like a really dangerous cycle.
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์šฐ์„  ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Is there any way to break that cycle?
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์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
10:31
KG: Well, let me first separate
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๊ฐ์ข… ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
10:35
countries that have built strong fundamentals.
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๋งŽ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธ์ •์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
And now in this crisis,
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10:40
as we are receiving incoming data,
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ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ์™„์ถฉ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ฒด๋ ฅ์ด ํŠผํŠผํ•˜๊ณ 
10:45
not very many, but there are still some positive surprises,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ˜ธํ™ฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์›์น™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ž˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
and they come from countries that have built stronger buffers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ ํฅ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด
10:53
stronger fundamentals,
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10:54
have been more disciplined during good times.
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๋‹ค์ค‘์˜ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
But indeed, we do see
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋กœ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ ,
11:00
quite a number of emerging markets, developing countries,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
faced with multiple pressures.
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์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋„ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:06
They had the hit from the coronavirus,
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11:10
many of them with weak health systems.
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์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Then, they have the high level of indebtedness,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์›์ž์žฌ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
from before the crisis,
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11:19
which creates a much more difficult environment for them.
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์›์ž์žฌ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ณ 
11:24
Then, many of them are commodity exporters.
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๋˜ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ด๋“ค์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ์™ธ ์†ก๊ธˆ์•ก์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Commodity prices, oil price,
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๊ตญ์™ธ ์†ก๊ธˆ์•ก์ด 20~30% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
they went down very dramatically,
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11:32
that hits them again.
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๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์— ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
Many rely on remittances.
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11:37
Remittances shrunk some 20 to 30 percent.
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๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ž…์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
And then you have a number of countries that are highly dependent on tourism.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” IMF์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Tourism is the hardest hit sector, or one of the hardest hit.
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11:51
So, very tough for these countries,
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IMF, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰, ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์€ํ–‰์€
11:53
but this is why institutions like mine have been wisely created.
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์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
The IMF, the World Bank, the regional development banks,
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๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ IMF๋Š”
2008~2009 ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ํ›„
12:04
we work very closely together in this crisis.
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12:09
The IMF, fortunately,
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IMF๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต์•ˆ์ „๋ง์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
that was one of the lessons from the 2008-2009 crisis --
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” 4๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
make sure that in the center of the financial safety net is an IMF
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12:22
with financial strength.
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” 2,500์–ต์—์„œ 1์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
We have four times more money to lend today
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„
12:29
than we had then.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ํ•œํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
From 250 billion to one trillion dollars.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
And of course,
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๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๋งฌํŒจ์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰ ์ด์žฌ์™€
12:36
we are deploying these funds
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12:38
exactly for the countries that need us the most.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ„๋ฌด ์ƒํ™˜ ์œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹จํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
And we did one more thing.
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12:43
With David Malpass, the president of the World Bank,
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๊ณต์‹ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:47
we called for a debt moratorium for the poorest countries
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์•ˆ ํ•ด. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ .โ€
12:53
to their official bilateral creditors.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ 3์›” ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ œ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:57
And people tend to say, "Oh, we don't work together,
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4์›” ์ค‘์ˆœ์ด ๋˜์ž
13:00
it's not good enough."
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G20์ด ์ด ์ฑ„๋ฌด ์ƒํ™˜ ์œ ์˜ˆ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
But here is an area where we made this call in late March,
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํด๋Ÿฝ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๋™ ์‚ฐ์œ ๊ตญ๋“ค๋„
13:08
and in mid-April,
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13:09
the G20 agreed on this moratorium.
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์ตœ๋นˆ๊ตญ์˜ ์ˆจํ†ต์„ ์กฐ์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
Amazing, we had the Paris Club, China,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์‹ ํžˆ ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
13:17
the Gulf countries,
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13:18
all agreeing that we should not suffocate the poorest countries
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์ฑ„๋ฌด ์ƒํ™˜์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
CA: ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
13:24
by asking them to pay their debts
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์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๋ด‰์‡„์ •์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:26
when their economies are standing still.
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ฒ„๋‘ฅ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
13:31
CA: Is it possible that some developing countries
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌํ˜•์„ ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:34
are overdoing the lockdown policy?
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13:37
I mean, if large numbers of your citizens are already struggling to stay alive,
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KG: ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์•„ํ”ˆ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
13:41
isn't it almost like a death sentence to order them not to leave their homes?
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์„ ํƒ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
KG: Well, Chris, one of the most heartbreaking conversations I would have
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋กœ ์ฃฝ๋Š๋ƒ ๊ตถ์–ด ์ฃฝ๋Š๋ƒ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:51
is with leaders of countries where they have to stare in the face
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:57
a choice of people dying from the virus
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14:01
or dying from hunger.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ž„์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ 
14:03
And it is a very dramatic situation for them.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ ๊ทผ๊ทผ์ด ๋ฒ„ํ‹ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€,
14:10
Where you have a very large part of your economy
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ด‰์‡„์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:13
being informal,
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14:14
where people live hand-to-mouth every day,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:18
the lockdowns we have in advanced economies
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14:23
are not quite applicable,
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14:24
but even there,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
14:26
countries are doing really well in social distancing
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
14:30
to the extent it is possible.
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์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—๋ณผ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
14:33
Many of the countries in Africa
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14:35
were very early to step up preventive measures.
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์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
14:39
Why?
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14:40
They learned from the Ebola, they learned from prior crises
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์„ ๋งบ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€
14:43
that hygiene,
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:45
taking any measure you can really helps.
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์ €ํฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:49
So again, I cannot stress enough
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14:52
how important is solidarity with these countries.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
How important it is for my institution to be there for them in a timely manner.
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CA: ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ.
WPR: ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋„ค์š”.
๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
And we do it.
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15:04
CA: Whitney.
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๋จผ์ € ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋นŒ ์—์ปค์Šค์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
15:06
Whitney Pennington Rogers: Hi there, thank you,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๊นŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ถ€์–‘์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜.
15:09
this is a wonderful conversation,
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15:10
and we're starting to see some questions coming from the community.
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์–‘์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ „๋งํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
15:13
The first one we have is from Bill Elkus,
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15:16
and it's a follow-up to something you were mentioning earlier,
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15:19
related to the stimulus, Kristalina.
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KG: ํ˜„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ,
15:20
What are the prospects for inflation from such a large stimulus?
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ
๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹ ํฅ ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:27
KG: At this point,
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15:28
we are not worried about inflation in advanced economies
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ
15:33
and in the majority of emerging market economies.
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์™ธํ™˜์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:38
We do worry about inflation
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15:41
in countries that have weak fundamentals,
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์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
15:46
no access to foreign exchange easily,
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์˜ค์ง ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋„์›€์ด๋‚˜
15:50
where the only way to address the crisis
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์ž๊ตญ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ์•ž์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ž์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
is our help
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์™œ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
15:59
or their central banks printing more money.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ™”๋ณด์œ ๊ตญ๋“ค์€
16:04
And sometimes it's a combination of those two.
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16:06
Why I don't worry about inflation in advanced economies?
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์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
16:10
Because countries that have their hard currency
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์—,
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
16:16
are putting liquidity in place,
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์ˆ˜์š” ํ™•๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน์€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
but at the same time,
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16:23
they're not seeing a big expansion of demand
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„ 
๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
16:30
and prices being pushed up.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ 2์ฐจ๋Œ€์ „ ์งํ›„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
So for these countries,
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16:36
at least for the observable future,
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:39
we don't see a way of going, like after the Second World War,
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
in inflation jumping up.
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์†Œ๋น„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
The consumers are not consuming so aggressively,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
demand is not that strong,
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์ •์น˜์  ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:57
and these are societies where there is a lot of maturity
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•จ ์†์—์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ ์—†์ด
17:03
in how they exercise their policy options.
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17:07
But if you are a poor country,
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๊ฒฝํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ๋„ ์—†์ด
์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ผ๋ฉด
17:11
that out of desperation, with no access to markets,
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17:15
no access to hard currency,
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์ด๊ณ ,
17:19
ought to somehow put money supply enough,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ๋ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ์ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
then inflation is going to be there.
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17:27
A very extreme case is Zimbabwe,
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17:29
and I do worry there may be other countries.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นš์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
17:32
So this is why we are so determined to engage with these countries early.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:39
And also look at some of the high-debt countries.
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์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
Would it be necessary, on a country-by-country basis,
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17:49
to restructure debts
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17:51
to prevent that moving in a desperate direction?
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WPR: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ‚ค์Šค ์•ผ๋งˆ์‹œํƒ€ ์”จ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
WPR: Thank you.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
18:01
And we have one more question that I wanted to share from our community.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
18:04
This is from Keith Yamashita,
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18:06
and it's about how we all can be involved in some of this change.
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KG: ์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:09
"You are tasked with macro-economic and funding efforts.
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18:11
What should we do as citizens to help renewal and recovery?"
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IMF ์ด์žฌ์ด๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ์ € ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด์ฃ .
18:16
KG: Well, it is incredibly important for all of us citizens --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์†์—์„œ
18:21
and aside of being the head of the IMF, I am also a global citizen --
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์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
that we are to bring that notion
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
18:31
of solidarity in a moment of crisis.
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โ€œLean on ME(๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ด)โ€ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜์ฃ .
18:37
I loved the way this segment
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
was musically backed, and it was "Lean on Me."
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โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด, ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.โ€
18:49
It is very important that we do create that sense --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๋ฐœ, ์—ฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์œ„์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
18:54
"we are in this together, we will get through it together."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
18:58
And please, speak up on that.
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
I was, for many years, crisis commissioner,
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19:05
and one thing I learned is that the majority of people
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฆ์˜ค๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ
19:11
are positive, good people.
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19:14
You can lean on them.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
19:18
And there is a minority that is hateful and fearful
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋กœ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์˜์‹์„ ํŽผ์ณ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
19:23
and also very loud.
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โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.โ€
19:26
So, good people, speak up.
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WPR: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
Spread that sense of "we are in this together,
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19:34
we'll get through it together."
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CA: ์นดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜, ์ €๋„ ์—ฐ๋Œ€์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ ,
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ์—ฌ์ญ™๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
WPR: Thank you. I'll come back later with other questions.
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๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์•Œ๋“ฏ์ด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
19:43
CA: Kristalina, I'd love to expand on that
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต--
19:45
and just ask you a bit more about leadership, actually.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
You know, when people think of the nations that have performed best,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋…์ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ,
19:53
they often refer to --
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๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ, ๋Œ€๋งŒ, ๋ด๋งˆํฌ, ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
when I say best, best in response to the current pandemic --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์•…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”,
19:58
they often refer to Germany, New Zealand,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์˜๊ตญ, ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์—,
20:01
South Korea, Taiwan, Denmark and Norway.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด, ์ด๋ž€, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„,
20:05
When they think of those that have performed worst,
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20:07
they often think of Spain, Italy, the UK, Belgium,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
Sweden, Iran, Brazil, Russia
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
20:16
and the United States.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ์—ฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
20:19
All of that second group are run by men,
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KG: ์Œ, ํ˜„์žฌ,
20:22
all but one of the first group are run by women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
20:26
Is that a coincidence?
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
KG: Well, now,
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20:31
speaking a bit subjectively as a woman,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ,
20:37
I do believe that women are great to lead in a crisis.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ 
20:44
They are more likely to show empathy,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
20:49
to care about the most vulnerable people
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์—์„œ ํž˜์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
and to be able to speak about that.
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20:56
They are decisive.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์• ๋„๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
20:58
I can say that for myself,
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20:59
we take energy from action.
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์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:04
And we don't tend to, kind of, mourn and complain
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
21:11
too much.
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21:14
So there is perhaps something to be said
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์•ž์— ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š”.
21:18
about the value of gender equality for the future.
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CA: ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋“  ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
Bring more women for this world of more crisis ahead of us.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด,
ํฌ์šฉ์— ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
21:31
CA: It's obviously hard to make generalizations about gender of any kind,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด๊ธฐ์ž, ์ •๋ณตํ•˜์ž.โ€
21:35
but I mean, is there also, almost, something
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ
21:38
about the embracing of nuance,
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21:40
that women might be better at that than men?
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
Men are often, it's like, "let's win, let's conquer,"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์„ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
21:46
and in a situation like this, where it's all probabilities,
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21:50
it's like, there are so many complex dials to turn
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:53
on this dangerous pandemic machine that we're trying to wrestle.
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KG: ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์ง€์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
22:00
I mean, are women better at handling nuance?
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:04
KG: Let me say something, Chris.
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22:05
We need everybody,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
and we need this mixture of experience, knowledge and predisposition.
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22:12
Men and women coming together.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:15
I find it that it is great to have different perspectives
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
22:20
when we make decisions.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
Then, the chances of making a good decision are higher.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:26
So we need each other,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ข€ ๋” ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:30
but we also need to recognize is that yes, there are certain things,
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ํ‹€๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
I have seen it time and again,
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22:37
women are more willing to find a pathway to compromise,
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"๋งž์•„์š”, ์ข‹์€ ์ง€์ ์ด์—์š”."
22:41
they're more willing to be corrected if they're wrong.
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"์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?"
๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•  ๋•Œ
22:47
Say, "Oh, OK, that's a good point,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:49
let me integrate it in the way I think about it."
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22:52
And when you are in uncertainty,
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CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‰ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
22:55
that is a huge advantage in decision-making.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ง‘ํ–‰์œ„์›์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
23:01
CA: So perhaps talk a bit more about your own leadership in this moment.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์…จ์ฃ .
23:05
I mentioned you've only recently come to this job.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹  ๋ชจ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ๋Š”
23:07
Before that, you were European Commissioner,
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์ •์น˜๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ˜์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
23:10
you dealt with humanitarian crises in more than one part of the world.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€
23:15
And in your own country, Bulgaria,
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23:16
you witnessed the wholesale transformation of the country,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
23:19
both politically and economically.
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KG: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:22
What lessons can you bring from your past experience
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ €์˜ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
23:25
to this moment?
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๋งค์šฐ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:28
KG: Well, there are many things I learned.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
23:31
I was very fortunate to have these multiple experiences
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
23:35
for the job I have now.
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23:37
But let me highlight three.
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์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:40
First, how critically important it is
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์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ 
23:45
to prepare for a crisis.
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์„ ๊ฒฌ์ง€๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
23:51
Kind of, think of the unthinkable,
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23:53
and then act with some foresight
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ โ€œ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์žฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
23:58
when a shock hits you.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
24:02
You have a title for this series called "Build Back Better."
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์ €๋Š” โ€œ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
I actually would like to modify it, if I may,
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์ค€๋น„์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
and I would talk about "Build Better Before."
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”,
๊ผญ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
24:19
Preparedness, prevention, pay off big time.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
The second --
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
24:26
and not necessarily in priority, it is as important --
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๋„์›€์„ ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
24:30
is collective action,
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์œ„๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:32
working together.
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24:35
Seeking help, offering help.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:39
Makes a huge difference in an emergency.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:43
And the third is something I learned time and again.
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
24:47
We don't know our internal strength
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:52
until we are hit.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
24:55
We are so resilient,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚™๊ด€์  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:57
we are so able to withstand shocks,
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
25:02
especially when we come together,
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25:05
that this always gives me this sense of optimism
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์กฐ๊ตญ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋˜ ๋‚ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
25:09
that, as hard as it is, we can overcome it.
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋”ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ค„์„ ์„œ๊ณ ,
25:16
From the days when my country collapsed, the economy collapsed,
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
25:21
I would get up at four o'clock in the morning,
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25:23
queue to buy milk for my daughter,
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์„œ๋กœ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋˜ ๋‚ ๋“ค,
25:26
to the days when I would see Syrian refugees in terrible situations
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IMF ์ด์žฌ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๊นŒ์ง€,
๋‚ด์ ์ธ ํž˜,
25:32
helping each other,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ์˜ ํž˜์€
25:35
to today, when I'm the head of the IMF,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
25:39
that internal strength,
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๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:41
our power of resilience,
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CA: ํ˜น์‹œ IMF์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
25:45
the more we are together,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
25:48
the more it is amplified.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ IMF๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
25:52
CA: Actually, could you talk a bit more about the role of the IMF,
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25:55
especially as we look forward to trying to recover from this?
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KG: IMF์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
25:58
What specifically can your organization do
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:02
to take us forward?
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26:04
KG: So there are three things that are quite unique for the IMF,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
26:08
and they're really so important in a time of crisis.
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์ข‹์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
26:12
The first one is to give a good diagnostic of what is happening
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์ฒซ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์—
193๊ฐœ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋Œ€์‘ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:17
and what is the way forward.
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26:19
Let me just say, in this crisis,
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26:21
in the very first weeks,
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๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
26:23
we put together, we call it policy action tracker, for 193 countries.
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์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฉด
ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—
26:30
What actions are countries taking,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:32
how they can learn from each other,
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26:34
so we can be more effective together.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
26:37
We are adding to it, now,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:39
actions for responsible reopening of the economies
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26:43
exactly with that purpose.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:46
What we are known best for,
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26:47
we are the financial first responder.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ํ™”๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
26:52
We are coming in this incredible shock
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ IMF์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:57
with very significant financial firepower.
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ธˆ์œต์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ์žฌ์›์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:02
And what people don't know is that the Fund has multiple instruments.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
์ง€์› ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
27:08
Emergency financing is the one we doubled for this crisis.
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
27:13
And it is no conditionalities.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
27:15
We are asking one thing, Chris.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:19
Pay your doctors and your nurses, your hospitals,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  IMF์˜ ์—ญํ•  ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
27:22
protect your most vulnerable people and parts of the economy.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์น  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:26
That's it, this is the condition.
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27:28
And the third thing we do at the Fund
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๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„,
27:31
is to help countries have the capacity for good policies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์žฌ์ •๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™”๊ณ ,
27:36
After the financial crisis,
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2976
๊ณต๊ณต๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
we helped many countries to have good debt management,
450
1659585
3660
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ IMF๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํฐ ์กฐ์ง๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
27:43
good fiscal management,
451
1663269
1745
27:45
transparency and accountability
452
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1762
27:46
to improve the performance of public finance.
453
1666824
4025
์ง์›๋„ ์•ฝ 3,000๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:51
So the Fund is not a very big organization
454
1671213
5032
๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋งค์šฐ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€˜๊ฐ‘ํŒ ์œ„๋กœ ์ด์ง‘ํ•ฉโ€™ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ง๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:56
by any standard,
455
1676269
1151
27:57
we are some 3,000 people.
456
1677444
2007
27:59
Highly professional, incredibly committed.
457
1679816
3329
์•„, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฐ‘ํŒ์ด์—์š”. ์š”์ฆ˜์—” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฐ‘ํŒ์ด์ฃ .
28:03
When you use the expression "all hands on deck," that's us.
458
1683522
5301
CA: ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 2008๋…„ ๋•Œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
28:09
And it is a digital deck,
459
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1445
28:11
it is a digital deck these days.
460
1691165
2133
๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ,
28:14
CA: I mean, this is a global crisis.
461
1694688
2183
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
28:16
A lot of people are worried that unlike perhaps even in 2008,
462
1696895
3558
28:20
where it really did seem there was a lot of global cooperation,
463
1700477
3063
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ทน๋ณต์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
28:23
there's actually, in some worrying ways,
464
1703564
1958
28:25
less this time?
465
1705546
2308
KG: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
28:29
Are you worried about
466
1709000
1228
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์˜์—ญ ์•ˆ์—์„œ
28:30
how crucial is that to getting us through this?
467
1710252
2864
ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:33
KG: I mean, my preoccupation is,
468
1713966
3706
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
189๊ฐœ๊ตญ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์ด์ฃ .
28:37
in our mandate, in my area of responsibility,
469
1717696
3167
์ง€๊ธˆ๊ป ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ˜ธ์‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:40
bring the membership together.
470
1720887
1483
28:42
We have almost the whole world,
471
1722394
2357
28:44
189 countries are our members,
472
1724775
2976
์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ด„์— ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ IMF์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
28:47
and so far, I am very impressed by how responsive the membership has been.
473
1727775
6881
๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์•ž์— ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:54
I put in front of them in the spring
474
1734680
3116
๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜
28:57
a package, very strong package of measures
475
1737820
3043
๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์กŒ์ฃ .
29:00
to expand the role of the IMF in the crisis.
476
1740887
3857
๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„,
์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:04
Everything that we ask for --
477
1744768
2158
29:06
we ask for doubling emergency financing,
478
1746950
2887
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
29:09
we got it.
479
1749861
1161
์•ฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
29:11
Very interesting.
480
1751046
1167
29:12
We ask for tripling concession of financing.
481
1752237
3084
์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:15
Exactly because, you know,
482
1755345
2326
29:17
like the virus hits people with a weak system the hardest,
483
1757695
4388
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์„ ์„ธ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
29:22
the crisis hits weak economies the hardest.
484
1762107
3722
29:25
So we wanted to triple concession of financing.
485
1765853
3413
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํƒ•๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๋ฐ›์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
29:29
Within one month, we got it.
486
1769290
3779
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
29:33
We asked for grants for debt relief,
487
1773497
2937
์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:36
we got it.
488
1776458
1168
29:37
So what I'm trying to say here is that we need to focus
489
1777650
5425
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
29:43
on ways in which we bring the world together.
490
1783099
4037
๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
29:47
And then act on that.
491
1787621
3526
์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
29:51
Rather than complaining
492
1791171
3390
29:54
that maybe not everything is the way it should be,
493
1794585
4524
CA: ์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
IMF๋Š” ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฐ์š”.
29:59
do your duty to the global community.
494
1799133
3166
ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
KG: ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:03
CA: Well, indeed.
495
1803387
1151
CA: ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
30:04
And the IMF is dependent on the financing from its members,
496
1804562
4539
์ž๊ธˆ ์กฐ๋‹ฌ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์› ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
30:09
its key members.
497
1809125
1151
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๋Š”,
30:10
KG: Yes.
498
1810300
1285
30:11
CA: I mean, you spoke of the trillion dollars
499
1811609
2315
ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ธ์ถœ๊ถŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋˜๋ฐ์š”.
30:13
that you are looking to make available to nations that need it.
500
1813948
4097
IMF๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์ž–์•„์š”.
30:18
As I read it, that comes from --
501
1818069
1730
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”?
30:19
you've got these units called Special Drawing Rights.
502
1819823
4127
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์žฌ์›์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์ œ๋™์„ ๊ฑธ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
30:23
You basically draw a currency from members.
503
1823974
2472
30:26
And hasn't there been pushback, though, from the US,
504
1826470
3088
KG: ๊ทธ 1์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
30:29
to block that effort of raising all that money?
505
1829582
4848
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:35
KG: So the one trillion dollars is from our quotas
506
1835338
5833
์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ
30:41
and also from our ability to move money
507
1841195
5106
์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์ž๋กœ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌด์ด์ž๋กœ
30:46
from well-to-do members from the advanced economies
508
1846325
5710
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ํฅ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €ํฌ๋Š” 1์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
30:52
and lend it at very low or zero interest
509
1852059
4079
์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€,
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ 2์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์–‘์ฑ…์—
30:56
to the developing emerging markets.
510
1856162
2833
30:59
And we had this one trillion
511
1859019
1580
31:00
and what was very interesting, not everybody noticed that --
512
1860623
3644
IMF ์ง€์›์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
31:04
the US, in their two trillion dollars stimulus package,
513
1864291
5016
ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ธ์ถœ๊ถŒ์€
์‚ฌ์‹ค ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
์•„์ง ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:09
included the support for the IMF.
514
1869331
2846
31:12
The Special Drawing Rights
515
1872911
2031
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 2009๋…„ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ
31:14
is something that we, indeed,
516
1874966
2264
31:17
don't have yet consensus among the membership to do.
517
1877254
4370
์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
31:22
It was done during the 2009 crisis,
518
1882173
5491
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
31:27
issuing liquidity,
519
1887688
3430
์ €๋Š” G20์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ธ์ถœ๊ถŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
31:31
and it goes to everybody.
520
1891142
1977
31:33
And there are many voices, including mine --
521
1893763
2547
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ง€์› ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
31:36
I spoke to the G20 about that --
522
1896334
2538
31:38
that are saying, well, that may be a good thing to do now.
523
1898896
3025
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŠน๋ณ„ ์ธ์ถœ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€
31:42
It is not being supported for reasons.
524
1902752
4361
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด
๊ทธ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
31:47
It is not just capriciously.
525
1907137
2276
์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ์‹ ๊ทœ ํ• ๋‹น์•ก์˜ 62%๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
31:49
The problem with Special Drawing Rights is that when we issue them,
526
1909958
4786
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ง๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:54
they go to all members,
527
1914768
1762
์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋” ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ
31:56
and the advanced economies get 62 percent of the new allocation,
528
1916554
5532
ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†๋ƒ๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
32:02
and there are some that are saying,
529
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:04
"Can we think of something that is more directed,
530
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์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋ก
32:07
or exclusively directed to those who need it?"
531
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํšŒ์›๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:11
But, Chris, everything is on the table for us.
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32:14
As the crisis unfolds,
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CA: ํœ˜ํŠธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:18
we need to do more, we bring the membership to do more.
534
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WPR: ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•ผ๋ธŒ๋‹ˆ์นด ์นธ๋‚˜ ์”จ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
32:25
CA: Whitney.
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โ€œ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ˜ ์†์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
32:26
WPR: We actually have a question from the community
536
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๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
32:29
that builds on what you're discussing right now.
537
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
32:31
Yavnika Khanna asks,
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2008
32:33
"Which countries will prove to be resilient in the Great Transformation:
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KG: ๋‘ ์š”์†Œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
32:37
those with popular leaders or those with sound financial systems?"
540
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
32:41
KG: You know, they both matter.
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ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋œ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
32:44
Countries with strong fundamentals
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32:47
are clearly going through this crisis
543
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:52
with less trauma than those that had weak fundamentals to begin with.
544
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์œ„๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋„๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์š”.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ํŽธ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
32:59
And of course, leadership matters.
545
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33:02
How you mobilize a country for action matters.
546
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์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์Šน์ž๋Š”
์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:07
In my view, what we would see on the other side,
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33:11
the winners would be those who think today of this crisis
548
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:17
also as an opportunity.
549
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e-๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ž์ •๋ถ€๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜,
33:20
Clearly, digital transformation is a huge opportunity.
550
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์ „์ž ๊ฒฐ์ œ, ์ „์ž ์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ
33:25
Moving to e-learning, e-government,
551
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์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
33:30
e-payments, e-commerce,
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ํฐ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:34
linking small and medium-sized enterprises
553
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4286
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
33:38
through digital to consumers,
554
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:40
big winner.
555
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์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ๊ณผ
33:42
Secondly, I very much hope
556
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
33:46
that we would come on the other side
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ธ ์ด๋“ค์€
33:50
with a low carbon footprint
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ค„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:53
and a more climate-resilient economy.
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33:56
Those who move in this direction,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํ™”์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
33:59
they would reduce the risk for themselves and the world.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
34:04
From this other crisis,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:06
that we are not talking so much about these days,
563
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34:08
but it hasn't gone anywhere.
564
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:10
And you know, if you don't like pandemic,
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34:13
you are not going to like the climate crisis at all.
566
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4520
๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด์š”.
34:18
And also, countries that are thinking
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๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
34:20
of how to make the economy in the future
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:27
a fairer economy.
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34:29
In other words,
570
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š”
34:31
we have been seeing inequality building up before this crisis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์“ด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ดํ›„์—,
34:37
My colleagues who have researched pandemics
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๋…๊ฐ ์ดํ›„์—,
34:41
have a very bitter lesson for us.
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์‚ฌ์Šค ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ ์ดํ›„์—, ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ดํ›„์—
34:44
After pandemics,
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34:45
after H1N1,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
34:50
after SARS, after Zika,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด,
34:54
inequality goes up.
577
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:56
Well, are we going to let inequality to go up, up,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ปจ๋Œ€,
35:00
after this crisis?
579
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
35:02
And if we do,
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35:03
we are damaging the fabric of our societies,
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๋” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:06
and my sense is that hundreds of millions of people in this crisis
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๋” ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:13
would much prefer to have a simpler, fairer,
583
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CA: ์Œ.
35:19
more equitable world to live in,
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KG: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
35:22
and definitely, a more sustainable world.
585
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WPR: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:26
CA: Mm.
586
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:28
KG: Those would be the winners.
587
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์‚ฌ๋ผ ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธํ•˜์ด๋จธ ์”จ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
35:32
WPR: Definitely.
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35:33
And just one more question from our community,
589
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด...
35:35
before turning it back to Chris for some final questions here.
590
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โ€œ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
35:38
You know, this one is from Sarah Rugheimer.
591
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3222
35:42
And the question is,
592
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน 2๋…„์—์„œ 10๋…„ ํ›„์—์š”.โ€
35:44
"What do you see as the main potential positive shifts / changes
593
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KG: ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ธด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:49
in this world
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35:50
from this pandemic, say, two to 10 years from now?"
595
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3238
์šฐ์„ , ์ €๋Š” ์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:54
KG: Well, I touched upon it a little bit.
596
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ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด์š”.
35:58
First, I hope to see fiscal policy
597
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5627
๋…น์ƒ‰ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
36:05
to help us recover
598
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๋”์šฑ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
36:08
to be geared towards green recovery
599
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฐ€์˜ ์†์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
36:13
and more equitable recovery.
600
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
36:17
And that is something that is in the hands of policymakers.
601
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36:21
It can be done.
602
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์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:24
Secondly, I very much hope to see us
603
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
36:30
integrating what we have learned from the crisis,
604
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์ €ํฌ ์กฐ์ง, IMF๋Š”
ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:35
in terms of virtual work.
605
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๊ทธ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
36:40
My organization, the IMF,
606
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36:42
well, we can shrink our carbon footprint dramatically
607
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
36:47
just by sustaining the practices we are developing now,
608
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:50
and we will.
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36:53
I certainly hope to see, in the future,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ,
36:58
much more attention to two things that we saw in this crisis are essential.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ,
๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:04
Universal access to health in some form,
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์ด๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ฃ .
37:08
strong health systems,
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37:10
as well as strong social safety nets,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:15
built as automatic stabilizers in a time of shock.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•  ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ ์š”.
37:20
And by the way, it is cheaper if we do it in this way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:25
The bill for everyone is going to be smaller.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋น„๊ทน, ์ฆ‰ ์ธ๋ช… ์†์‹ค์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ง€๊ธˆ,
37:32
And also, I very much hope that this notion of investing in people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž„์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
37:38
recognizing that now that we see this horrible tragedy,
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37:42
the loss of lives,
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CA: ์Œ.
37:45
that investing in people is the very best investment we can make.
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WPR: ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์œ„ํŠธ๋‹ˆ ์”จ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
37:52
CA: Mm.
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37:53
WPR: That's great.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์”จ, ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€,
37:56
CA: So, see you again in a minute, Whitney.
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์ •๋ง์ด์ง€, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ด์ •๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ด์ •์ด์š”.
38:01
Kristalina, it's so --
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ผ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
IMF ์ด์žฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
38:06
It's so inspiring, actually, hearing the energy and stuff,
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38:09
the energy that you're bringing to this.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š”...
38:11
I don't think many people coming into this
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‚˜
38:13
would have expected to hear, from the head of the IMF,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์˜์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๋ง์ด์š”.
38:17
this emphasis on, you know,
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38:19
"Let's solve the climate crisis,
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์ •๋ง ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„,
38:21
let's tackle inequality and injustice."
632
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์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
38:27
Do you really believe that this moment,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
38:31
this crisis could help lead us into a great transformation?
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
38:36
People will feel it's your job to sound positive,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
38:39
you have to do that.
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38:41
Do you really see the path forward that we can get through this,
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KG: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”,
38:46
and what sort of timescale are we talking about here, Kristalina?
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์ค‘์•™ ๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ธธ๊ณ , ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ 
38:52
KG: Well, you know, one thing I learned from the transition I lived through,
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๊ฐˆํŒก์งˆํŒกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:57
the transition from central planning to markets,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:00
is it is tough, it is long, it is painful
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39:04
and it is a road that takes turns.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
39:06
So I don't have an expectation of miracle from here to there.
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์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:12
But I genuinely believe that we are now
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์•ˆ๋ณด์™€
39:19
in a point of our history
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๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
39:22
when people demand from their leaders
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39:27
safety and security
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:30
and a society that is not torn apart by conflicts.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์”จ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
39:37
And that is actually not unusual to see.
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์ „์Ÿ ํ›„์—,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:41
So, I would turn the table a little bit on you, Chris.
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ดํ›„์— ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
39:47
After a war,
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๋„ค, ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
39:49
we see the world coming together
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39:51
and building a better world.
653
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:53
Why not after a pandemic?
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39:57
And yes,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:00
we can make mistakes and not take the right road to travel.
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CA: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด...
40:08
But we certainly have an obligation to try to get on that road.
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KG: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
CA: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด,
40:16
CA: So if you could just inject --
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40:17
KG: And everybody matters for that.
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๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด
40:22
CA: So if you could inject one idea into the mind of everybody,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
40:27
or into to the world leaders who listen to you,
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KG: ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋” ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:30
what would that idea be at this moment?
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•จ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:36
KG: Optimism.
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40:38
Build a better world.
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CA: ๊ฝค ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”.
40:42
Possible, desirable, we must do it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆœ์ง„ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์—ฐํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
40:49
CA: That sounds like optimism as the stance,
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40:51
not just a naive belief that it will happen,
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40:53
but a determination to make it so.
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KG: ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค, 1๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ๋‚จ์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค ๋๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”? ๋งˆ์น  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
40:55
That's what you're calling for.
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40:57
To use that as the motivation to pull us all forward together.
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CA: ๋” ํ•˜์‹ค ๋ง์”€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด 1๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ํ•˜์…”๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:02
KG: Chris, do I have one minute, or I'm done, I need to go?
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KG: ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:07
CA: If you want to say one last thing in one minute, alright, go.
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โ€œ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€โ€ ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
41:12
KG: I want to say one thing.
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41:14
To recommend to the audience to watch the movie
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๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
๋‘ ์ฃผ์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
41:20
"Bridge of Spies."
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41:22
There is a part in the movie
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:24
in which the two main actors,
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . โ€œ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜๋น ์š”. ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋‹นํ• ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.โ€
41:30
the lawyer and the Russian spy, talk to each other.
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์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์นจ์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . โ€œ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์„ธ์š”?โ€
41:35
The lawyer says, "Things are very bad, it looks like you may hang."
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์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. โ€œ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?โ€
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฑด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ,
41:40
The spy is very calm.
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41:41
Lawyer says, "Aren't you worried?"
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๊ฑฑ์ •์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:44
The spy answers, "Would it help?"
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41:48
So my message is, it is tough,
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ €์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:52
but worries won't help.
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CA: ์Œ, ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:57
Positive action will.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—์š”.
42:00
Positive, stay positive, so that's my message.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
42:05
CA: Well, I have to say thank you.
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๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:07
It's incredibly inspiring, actually, to see your energy
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42:10
and your determined optimism, let's call it that.
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TED์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์”จ.
42:15
I think we wish you the very best
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:17
as you use your position to help get us out of this mess.
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WPR: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์”จ.
42:22
Thank you so much, Kristalina, for spending time here at TED.
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42:25
Thank you.
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42:26
WPR: Thank you, Kristalina.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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