The powerful stories that shaped Africa | Gus Casely-Hayford

71,798 views ・ 2017-11-10

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Gayun Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” 역사가 μ—†λŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ 
00:13
Now, Hegel -- he very famously said
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κ³Όκ±°κ°€ μ—†λŠ”, 이야기가 μ—†λŠ” κ³³μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ 
00:16
that Africa was a place without history,
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00:18
without past, without narrative.
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헀겔이 λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
00:20
Yet, I'd argue that no other continent has nurtured, has fought for,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ λŒ€λ₯™λ„ νž˜μ„ 합쳐 역사λ₯Ό κΈΈλŸ¬λ‚΄κ³ 
역사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ νˆ¬μŸν•˜κ³  μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λ§ŒνΌ 역사λ₯Ό μˆ­λ°°ν–ˆλ‹€κ³ 
00:26
has celebrated its history more concertedly.
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생각지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
The struggle to keep African narrative alive
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό μ‘΄μ†μ‹œν‚€λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯은
00:33
has been one of the most consistent
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아프리카인듀이 νž˜λ“€μ—¬ μ‹Έμ›Œμ˜¨ κ°€μž₯ 지속적인 λ…Έλ ₯ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
and hard-fought endeavors of African peoples,
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00:38
and it continues to be so.
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κ·Έ λ…Έλ ₯은 μ§€κΈˆλ„ κ³„μ†λ˜κ³  있죠.
00:40
The struggles endured and the sacrifices made to hold onto narrative
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아프리카인듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό 지킀기 μœ„ν•΄
00:45
in the face of enslavement, colonialism, racism, wars and so much else
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λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ, μ‹λ―Όμ£Όμ˜, 인쒅차별, μ „μŸ 등에 λ§žμ„œ 견뎌온 투쟁과 희생은
00:51
has been the underpinning narrative
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여지껏 우리의 역사에
κ΅³κ±΄ν•œ κΈ°μ΄ˆκ°€ λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
of our history.
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00:55
And our narrative has not just survived the assaults
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우리의 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 역사가 λ˜μ§€λŠ” 곡격에도
00:58
that history has thrown at it.
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μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μ•˜μ„ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
물질 λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ ν•œ 갈래λ₯Ό 남겼고
01:00
We've left a body of material culture,
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κ³ λ„μ˜ 예술적, 인지적 경지λ₯Ό μ „μŠΉν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
artistic magistery and intellectual output.
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01:08
We've mapped and we've charted and we've captured our histories
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 역사λ₯Ό κ·Έλ €λƒˆκ³ , λ„μ‹ν™”ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, ν¬μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
in ways that are the measure of anywhere else on earth.
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지ꡬ μ–΄λŠ κ³³μ—μ„œλ‚˜ μ“°μ΄λŠ” λ°©λ²•λ“€λ‘œμš”.
μœ λŸ½μΈλ“€μ˜ μ˜λ―ΈκΉŠμ€ 도착 훨씬 전에도
01:17
Long before the meaningful arrival of Europeans --
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01:21
indeed, whilst Europe was still mired in its Dark Age --
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유럽이 μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ μ•”ν‘μ˜ 쀑세에 정체돼 μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ—λ„
아프리카인듀은 역사λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ , κΈ°λ‘ν•˜λŠ” 일의 κ°œμ²™μžλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
01:25
Africans were pioneering techniques in recording, in nurturing history,
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό 보쑴할 혁λͺ…적인 λ°©λ²•μ˜ μ°½μ‘°μžλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
forging revolutionary methods for keeping their story alive.
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01:36
And living history, dynamic heritage --
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μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” 역사와 역동적인 μœ μ‚°μ€
01:39
it remains important to us.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ κΈ°μ–΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
We see that manifest in so many ways.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ λ„ˆλ¬΄λ„ λͺ…ν™•νžˆ λ³Ό 수 있죠.
01:46
I'm reminded of how, just last year -- you might remember it --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•  지 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ, μ „ μž‘λ…„
μ•Œ 카에닀와 μ—°κ΄€λœ 단체인 μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ λ‹€μΈμ˜ 초창기 멀버듀이
01:51
the first members
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01:52
of the al Qaeda-affiliated Ansar Dine
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01:55
were indicted for war crimes and sent to the Hague.
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μ „μŸ λ²”μ£„λ‘œ κΈ°μ†Œλ˜μ–΄ ν—€μ΄κ·Έλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And one of the most notorious was Ahmad al-Faqi,
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κ·Έλ“€ 쀑 κ°€μž₯ μ•…λͺ… λ†’μ•˜λ˜ μ Šμ€ 말리인
02:02
who was a young Malian,
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μ•„νλ©”λ“œ μ•Œ νŒŒν‚€κ°€
02:04
and he was charged, not with genocide,
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μ‚΄ν•΄ ν˜μ˜λ„
인쒅 μ²­μ†Œ ν˜μ˜λ„ μ•„λ‹Œ
02:06
not with ethnic cleansing,
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02:08
but with being one of the instigators of a campaign
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말리의 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έν™” μœ μ‚°λ“€μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ €λŠ”
μš΄λ™μ˜ μ£Όλ„μžλ‘œ 지λͺ©λ˜μ—ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
02:12
to destroy some of Mali's most important cultural heritage.
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02:16
This wasn't vandalism;
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κ·Έκ°€ ν•œ 행동은 λ°˜λ‹¬λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
these weren't thoughtless acts.
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생각 없이 ν•œ ν–‰μœ„κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€μ£ .
02:21
One of the things that al-Faqi said
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μ•Œ νŒŒν‚€κ°€ ν–ˆλ˜ 말 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
02:23
when he was asked to identify himself in court
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λ²•μ •μ—μ„œ 신뢄을 λ°νžˆλΌλŠ” 말을 λ“£μž
κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ λŒ€ν•™ 쑸업생이며, ꡐ사라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
was that he was a graduate, that he was a teacher.
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02:29
Over the course of 2012, they engaged in a systematic campaign
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2012λ…„ μ „λ°˜ λ™μ•ˆ 말리의 λ¬Έν™”μœ μ‚°μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ €λŠ”
02:35
to destroy Mali's cultural heritage.
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체계적인 μš΄λ™μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
This was a deeply considered waging of war
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μ΄λŠ” 생각해 λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 것 쀑
κ°€μž₯ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ „μŸμ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λ € ν•˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
in the most powerful way that could be envisaged:
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02:46
in destroying narrative, in destroying stories.
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역사λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³ , 이야기λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ €λŠ” ν–‰λ™μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
아홉 개의 μ‹ μ „κ³Ό 쀑앙 λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³ 
02:50
The attempted destruction of nine shrines,
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02:53
the central mosque
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02:55
and perhaps as many as 4,000 manuscripts
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4000μ—¬κ°œμ— μœ‘λ°•ν•˜λŠ” 필사 원고λ₯Ό μ—†μ• λ € ν•œ 것은
02:58
was a considered act.
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λΆ„λͺ… μ² μ €νžˆ κ³„μ‚°λœ ν–‰μœ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
They understood the power of narrative to hold communities together,
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그듀은 곡동체λ₯Ό κ²°μ†μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ νž˜μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그리고 역사λ₯Ό νŒŒκ΄΄ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
03:07
and they conversely understood that in destroying stories,
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ν•œ 민쑱을 νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
they hoped they would destroy a people.
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03:14
But just as Ansar Dine and their insurgency
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ 닀인, 그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°˜λž€μ΄
03:17
were driven by powerful narratives,
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원동λ ₯으둜 삼은 이야기가 κ°•λ ₯ν–ˆλ˜ 만큼
νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ™€ 그곳의 λ„μ„œκ΄€μ„ μ§€ν‚€λ €λŠ” ν˜„μ§€ μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ λ°©μ–΄ λ˜ν•œ κ°•λ ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
so was the local population's defense of Timbuktu and its libraries.
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03:25
These were communities who've grown up with stories of the Mali Empire;
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그곳의 κ³΅λ™μ²΄λŠ” 말리 제ꡭ의 μ„€ν™”λ₯Ό μ ‘ν•˜λ©° μžλΌμ™”κ³ 
03:29
lived in the shadow of Timbuktu's great libraries.
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ λ„μ„œκ΄€ κ·Έλ¦Όμžμ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
They'd listened to songs of its origin from their childhood,
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ˜ 유래λ₯Ό 담은 λ…Έλž˜λ₯Ό μœ λ…„ μ‹œμ ˆλΆ€ν„° λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨
03:36
and they weren't about to give up on that
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그듀은 이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜λ € ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
without a fight.
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νˆ¬μŸμ—†μ΄ 포기할 순 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
03:41
Over difficult months of 2012,
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μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ λ‹€μΈμ˜ 침랡이 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜
03:44
during the Ansar Dine invasion,
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힘겨운 2012년을 보내며
03:48
Malians, ordinary people, risked their lives
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ν‰λ²”ν–ˆλ˜ 말리인듀은 λͺ©μˆ¨μ„ κ±Έκ³ 
03:52
to secrete and smuggle documents to safety,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ„œλ“€μ„ 비밀리에 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곳으둜 λΉΌλŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
doing what they could to protect historic buildings
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역사적 건좕물과 μ˜€λžœμ‹œκ°„ ν•¨κ»˜ ν•΄μ˜¨ λ„μ„œκ΄€μ„
03:59
and defend their ancient libraries.
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지킀기 μœ„ν•΄ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  일을 ν–ˆμ£ .
04:02
And although they weren't always successful,
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항상 성곡적이진 μ•Šμ•˜μŒμ—λ„
04:04
many of the most important manuscripts were thankfully saved,
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λ§Žμ€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 원고듀이 λ‹€ν–‰μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ μ§€μΌœμ‘Œκ³ 
04:08
and today each one of the shrines that was damaged during that uprising
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , λ°˜λž€ ν•˜μ— λ§κ°€μ‘Œλ˜ 신전듀은
ν•˜λ‚˜λ„ 빠짐없이 λ³΄μˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
have been rebuilt,
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04:15
including the 14th-century mosque that is the symbolic heart of the city.
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'λ„μ‹œμ˜ 심μž₯'인 14세기에 지어진 λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ„ λ¬Όλ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
It's been fully restored.
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μ™„λ²½νžˆ μž¬κ±΄μΆ•λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
04:22
But even in the bleakest periods of the occupation,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ 닀인 지배 ν•˜μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ‘μš΄ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆμ—λ„
04:26
enough of the population of Timbuktu simply would not bow
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•Œ νŒŒν‚€μ™€ 같은 μΈλ¬Όμ—κ²Œ
고개λ₯Ό μˆ™μ΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
to men like al-Faqi.
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그듀은 μžμ‹ μ˜ 역사가 μ‹Ήμ“Έμ΄λ˜κ²Œ 내버렀 두지 μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
04:34
They wouldn't allow their history to be wiped away,
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04:37
and anyone who has visited that part of the world,
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그리고 그곳을 μ°Ύμ•„κ°€ λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄
κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό 이해할 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
they will understand why,
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04:42
why stories, why narrative, why histories are of such importance.
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μ™œ 이야기듀이, 그리고 역사가 그토둝 μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€λ₯Όμš”.
04:47
History matters.
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
History really matters.
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
And for peoples of African descent,
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그리고 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 뿌리λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:55
who have seen their narrative systematically assaulted over centuries,
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 이야기가 수 세기에 걸쳐 μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³΅κ²©λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 것을 보아왔기에
05:01
this is critically important.
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μ΄λŠ” λ”μš± 더 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ 이야기, μžμ‹ μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ°œλ²—κ³  λ‚˜μ„œλŠ” 일은
05:04
This is part of a recurrent echo across our history
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05:08
of ordinary people making a stand for their story, for their history.
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우리 역사 μ „λ°˜μ— 걸쳐 λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” λ©”μ•„λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Just as in the 19th century,
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19μ„ΈκΈ° μΊλ¦¬λΉ„μ•ˆμ˜ 아프리카계 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ΄
05:16
enslaved peoples of African descent in the Caribbean
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό λ―Ώκ³ , 아프리카 고유의 μΆ•μ œλ₯Ό μ—΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
05:20
fought under threat of punishment,
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05:22
fought to practice their religions, to celebrate Carnival,
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처벌의 μœ„ν˜‘ μ•„λž˜μ„œλ„ νˆ¬μŸν–ˆλ˜ 것 λ˜ν•œ
05:26
to keep their history alive.
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역사λ₯Ό 지킀기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Ordinary people were prepared to make great sacrifices,
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ 큰 희생을 치λ₯Ό μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
심지어 극단적인 ν¬μƒκΉŒμ§€λ„, μžμ‹ μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
05:33
some even the ultimate sacrifice,
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05:36
for their history.
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05:38
And it was through control of narrative
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역사λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:41
that some of the most devastating colonial campaigns were crystallized.
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κ°€μž₯ νŒŒκ΄΄μ μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 식민지 μ •μ±… 쀑 λͺ‡λͺ‡λ„ 투λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ―Έν™”λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
05:45
It was through the dominance of one narrative over another
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ν•œ 역사가 λ‹€λ₯Έ 역사λ₯Ό μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 과정을 톡해
05:49
that the worst manifestations of colonialism became palpable.
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μ΅œμ•…μ˜ 식민지 μ‹œλŒ€ 기둝물듀이
μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 보고 만질 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
When, in 1874, the British attacked the Ashanti,
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1874λ…„, 영ꡭꡰ이 아샨티λ₯Ό κ³΅κ²©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:58
they overran Kumasi and captured the Asantehene.
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그듀은 μΏ λ§ˆμ‹œλ₯Ό μΉ¨λž΅ν•΄ 아샨티인듀을 포둜둜 μž‘μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
They knew that controlling territory and subjugating the head of state --
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μ˜κ΅­κ΅°μ€ 단지 κ΅­ν† λ₯Ό μ λ Ήν•˜κ³  μš°λ‘λ¨Έλ¦¬λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„λ‘λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλŠ”
뢀쑱함을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
it wasn't enough.
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06:08
They recognized that the emotional authority of state
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μ•„μƒ¨ν‹°μ˜ μ •μ„œμ μΈ μ§€λ„μžλŠ”
역사와 μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 상징물에 μžλ¦¬ν•¨μ„ 깨달은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
lay in its narrative
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06:15
and the symbols that represented it,
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06:17
like the Golden Stool.
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μ•„μƒ¨ν‹°μ˜ ν™©κΈˆ 의자처럼 말이죠.
06:19
They understood that control of story was absolutely critical
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μ˜κ΅­κ΅°μ€ 민쑱을 μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅μ œν•˜λ €λ©΄
역사λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” 것이 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
to truly controlling a people.
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06:27
And the Ashanti understood, too,
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아샨티 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λ˜ν•œ 이λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆκ³ 
06:29
and they never were to relinquish the precious Golden Stool,
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μ ˆλŒ€ μ†Œμ€‘ν•œ ν™©κΈˆ 의자λ₯Ό ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
μ˜κ΅­κ΅°μ—κ²Œ μ™„μ „νžˆ ν•­λ³΅ν•˜λ € ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
never to completely capitulate to the British.
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06:39
Narrative matters.
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
In 1871, Karl Mauch, a German geologist working in Southern Africa,
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1871λ…„, 남뢀 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ μž‘μ—…ν•˜λ˜ λ…μΌμ˜ μ§€μ§ˆν•™μž μΉ΄λ₯Ό λ§ˆμš°νλŠ”
06:47
he stumbled across an extraordinary complex,
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맀우 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 곳을 λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
버렀진 석쑰 건좕물듀이 μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ΄μ˜€μ£ .
06:51
a complex of abandoned stone buildings.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ΄ν›„λ‘œλ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ°œκ²¬μ—μ„œ μ™„μ „νžˆ νšŒλ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
And he never quite recovered from what he saw:
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06:57
a granite, drystone city,
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ν™”κ°•μ•”μ§ˆμ˜, λͺ¨λ₯΄νƒ€λ₯΄ 없이 지어진 λ„μ‹œκ°€
07:00
stranded on an outcrop above an empty savannah:
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ν…… 빈 μ‚¬λ°”λ‚˜μ˜ μ•”μ„μ§€λŒ€ μœ„μ— ν™€λ‘œ μ„  λͺ¨μŠ΅
07:04
Great Zimbabwe.
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λ°”λ‘œ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ˜€μ£ .
λ§ˆμš°νλŠ” κ·Έ λ†€λΌμš΄ κ±΄μΆ•μ‚¬μ˜ μœ„μ—…μ΄
07:07
And Mauch had no idea who was responsible
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07:10
for what was obviously an astonishing feat of architecture,
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λˆ„κ΅¬μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ „ν˜€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:15
but he felt sure of one single thing:
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ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ” ν™•μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
this narrative needed to be claimed.
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이곳에 μ–½νžŒ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” κΌ­ 주인을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ£ .
κ·ΈλŠ” ν›—λ‚ , μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ˜ 건좕물은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ„Έλ ¨λ˜κ³  νŠΉλ³„ν•΄μ„œ
07:23
He later wrote that the wrought architecture of Great Zimbabwe
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07:26
was simply too sophisticated,
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07:29
too special to have been built by Africans.
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아프리카인듀에 μ˜ν•΄ μ§€μ–΄μ‘Œμ„ 리 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
Mauch, like dozens of Europeans that followed in his footsteps,
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λ§ˆμš°νλŠ”, 그의 발자취λ₯Ό λ”°λžλ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μœ λŸ½μΈλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
07:37
speculated on who might have built the city.
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κ·Έ λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μΆ”μΈ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
And one went as far as to posit,
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그리고 κ·Έ μΆ”μΈ‘ 쀑 ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”
07:43
"I do not think that I am far wrong if I suppose that that ruin on the hill
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"λ‚˜λŠ” κ·Έ 언덕 μœ„μ˜ 유적이
μ†”λ‘œλͺ¬ μ™•μ˜ 신전을 λ² λ‚€ 것이라고 해도
07:49
is a copy of King Solomon's Temple."
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μ „ν˜€ 틀리지 μ•Šμ•˜μ„ 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€." μ˜€μ£ .
07:52
And as I'm sure you know, Mauch,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
07:53
he hadn't stumbled upon King Solomon's Temple,
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λ§ˆμš°νλŠ” μ†”λ‘œλͺ¬ μ™•μ˜ 신전을 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ•½ 11μ„ΈκΈ° 즈음
07:56
but upon a purely African complex of buildings
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순수히 아프리카 λ¬Έλͺ…에 μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„
08:00
constructed by a purely African civilization
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μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ 아프리카 건좕물을
λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έμš”.
08:04
from the 11th century onward.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ…μΌμ˜ 인λ₯˜ν•™μž 레였 ν”„λ‘œλ² λ‹ˆμš°μŠ€κ°€
08:06
But like Leo Frobenius, a fellow German anthropologist
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08:10
who speculated some years later,
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λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 이페 두상을 처음 λ³Έ λ’€
08:12
upon seeing the Nigerian Ife Heads for the very first time,
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08:16
that they must have been artifacts from the long-lost kingdom of Atlantis.
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사라진 μ•„ν‹€λž€ν‹°μŠ€ μ™•κ΅­μ˜ 유물이리라 μΆ”μΈ‘ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
κ·ΈλŠ” ν—€κ²”κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ
08:22
He felt, just like Hegel,
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08:24
an almost instinctive need to rob Africa of its history.
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거의 λ³ΈλŠ₯적으둜
μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό λΉΌμ•—μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  느꼈던 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:31
These ideas are so irrational,
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이런 생각은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†μŒμ—λ„
08:33
so deeply held,
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깊이 νŒŒκ³ λ“€μ–΄μžˆμ–΄
08:35
that even when faced with the physical archaeology,
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고고학적 유물과 λ§ˆμ£Όν•œ κ·Έ μˆœκ°„μ—λ„
08:38
they couldn't think rationally.
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그듀은 보닀 λ…Όλ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 생각할 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
They could no longer see.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ„ μ§μ‹œν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
08:42
And like so much of Africa's relationship with Enlightenment Europe,
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계λͺ½κΈ°μ˜ 유럽과 아프리카 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ²˜λŸΌ
08:46
it involved appropriation, denigration and control of the continent.
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그듀은 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ„ ν†΅μ œν•˜κ³ 
μ•½νƒˆν•˜κ³ , κΉŽμ•„λ‚΄λ¦¬λ € ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
08:52
It involved an attempt to bend narrative to Europe's ends.
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우리의 이야기λ₯Ό 유럽의 μž…λ§›λŒ€λ‘œ λΌμ›Œλ§žμΆ”λ € ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
And if Mauch had really wanted to find an answer to his question,
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λ§ˆμš°νκ°€ λ§Œμ•½ "μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ™€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 석쑰 건좕물은
09:02
"Where did Great Zimbabwe or that great stone building come from?"
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μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”μ„κΉŒ?" λΌλŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— 해닡을 찾고자 ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:06
he would have needed to begin his quest
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κ·ΈλŠ” μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ—μ„œ 1600Km κ°€λŸ‰ 떨어진 κ³³
09:09
a thousand miles away from Great Zimbabwe,
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09:11
at the eastern edge of the continent, where Africa meets the Indian Ocean.
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인도양과 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ΄ λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” λŒ€λ₯™μ˜ 동μͺ½ λμ—μ„œ
λͺ¨ν—˜μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
He would have needed to trace the gold and the goods
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κ·Έ λΆˆκ°€μ‚¬μ˜ν•œ λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ 규λͺ¨μ™€ 영ν–₯을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
09:18
from some of the great trading emporia of the Swahili coast to Great Zimbabwe,
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μŠ€μ™€νžλ¦¬ ν•΄μ•ˆμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨κΉŒμ§€ 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μ˜
09:23
to gain a sense of the scale and influence
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무역 μ€‘μ‹¬λ‘œμ—μ„œ 온 ν™©κΈˆκ³Ό μž¬ν™”λ₯Ό 좔적해야 ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
of that mysterious culture,
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μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨κ°€ λ‹€μŠ€λ¦¬λ˜ μ™•κ΅­κ³Ό λ¬Έλͺ…을 톡해
09:29
to get a picture of Great Zimbabwe as a political, cultural entity
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨κ°€ μ •μΉ˜μ , λ¬Έν™”μ μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–€ μ‘΄μž¬μ˜€λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
09:34
through the kingdoms and the civilizations
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09:37
that were drawn under its control.
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09:40
For centuries, traders have been drawn to that bit of the coast
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수 μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ, λ¬΄μ—­μ—…μžλ“€μ€
λ¨Έλ‚˜λ¨Ό 인도, 쀑ꡭ, 그리고 μ€‘λ™μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 그곳의 ν•΄μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨μ—¬λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
from as far away as India and China and the Middle East.
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09:51
And it might be tempting to interpret,
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μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ˜ 건좕물은 μ •κ΅ν•œ 아름닀움을 지녔기에
09:53
because it's exquisitely beautiful, that building,
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09:57
it might be tempting to interpret it
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그곳을 κ·Έμ € μ •κ΅ν•œ, 상징적인 보물둜
10:00
as just an exquisite, symbolic jewel,
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10:03
a vast ceremonial sculpture in stone.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ‹ μš©λ„μ˜ 석쑰 건좕물이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그곳은 λΆ„λͺ…
10:07
But the site must have been a complex
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천 λ…„κ°„ 경제 κ°„ μ—°κ²°κ³ λ¦¬μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œμ„œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨λ₯Ό
10:10
at the center of a significant nexus of economies
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10:14
that defined this region for a millennium.
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λŒ€ν‘œν•˜λŠ” μž₯μ†Œμ˜€μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
This matters.
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μ΄λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:20
These narratives matter.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
Even today, the fight to tell our story is not just against time.
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심지어 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λ„
우리의 역사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ νˆ¬μŸμ€
단지 μ‹œκ°„μ—λ§Œ λ§žμ„œλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
It's not just against organizations like Ansar Dine.
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μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ 닀인과 같은 λ‹¨μ²΄μ—λ§Œ λ§žμ„œλŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 수 μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ κ°•μš”λ°›μ•„μ˜¨ 역사 μ†μ—μ„œ
10:31
It's also in establishing a truly African voice
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10:35
after centuries of imposed histories.
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μ§„μ‹€λœ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
We don't just have to recolonize our history,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 역사λ₯Ό λ˜μ°ΎλŠ” 것은 λ¬Όλ‘ 
10:42
but we have to find ways to build back the intellectual underpinning
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헀겔이 λΆ€μΈν•œ 우리 μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 지적 λ²„νŒ€λͺ©μ„
λ‹€μ‹œ 곡고히 ν•  방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
that Hegel denied was there at all.
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10:49
We have to rediscover African philosophy,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ² ν•™, μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 관점
10:52
African perspectives, African history.
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그리고 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 역사λ₯Ό μž¬λ°œκ²¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
The flowering of Great Zimbabwe -- it wasn't a freak moment.
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ˜ κ°œν™”λŠ” κ·Έμ € λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ λ„˜κΈΈ 일이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™ 전체에 걸쳐 μ‹ΉνŠΈλŠ” λ³€ν™”μ˜ μΌλΆ€μ˜€μ£ .
11:01
It was part of a burgeoning change across the whole of the continent.
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11:05
Perhaps the great exemplification of that was Sundiata Keita,
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선디아타 케이타가 κ·Έ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
the founder of the Mali Empire,
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말리 μ™•κ΅­μ˜ μ°½μ‹œμžμ˜€μ£ .
11:11
probably the greatest empire that West Africa has ever seen.
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μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄ 역사상 졜고의 왕ꡭ인
11:15
Sundiata Keita was born about 1235,
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선디아타 μΌ€μ΄νƒ€λŠ” 1235년경에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜
11:18
growing up in a time of profound flux.
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κ²©λ™μ˜ μ†Œμš©λŒμ΄ μ†μ—μ„œ μžλΌλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
He was seeing the transition between the Berber dynasties to the north,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 뢁μͺ½μ—μ„œ 버버 μ™•μ‘° κ°„ μ „ν™˜κΈ°λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜κ³ 
11:26
he may have heard about the rise of the Ife to the south
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남μͺ½μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 이페 μ‹œμ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ—ˆμ„ 지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
and perhaps even the dominance of the Solomaic Dynasty
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동μͺ½μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„μ˜ μ†”λ‘œλ§ˆμ΅ μ™•μ‘°κ°€
νž˜μ„ ν‚€μ›Œκ°„λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ“€μ—ˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
11:35
in Ethiopia to the east.
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11:37
And he must have been aware that he was living through a moment
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κ·ΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°μ—
11:41
of quickening change,
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11:42
of growing confidence in our continent.
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또 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ΄ μžκΈμ‹¬μ„ κΈΈλŸ¬κ°€λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°μ—
μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ§€ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
He must have been aware of new states
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨λΆ€ν„° μŠ€μ™€νžλ¦¬ μˆ νƒ„κ΅­κΉŒμ§€
11:49
that were building their influence
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11:52
from as far afield as Great Zimbabwe and the Swahili sultanates,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 지역듀이 영ν–₯λ ₯을 ν‚€μ›Œκ°€λ©°
아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ™€ μ§κ°„μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜κ³ 
11:57
each engaged directly or indirectly beyond the continent itself,
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12:03
each driven also to invest in securing their intellectual and cultural legacy.
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제각기 μžμ‹ μ˜ 지적, 문화적 μœ μ‚°μ„ 지킀렀 λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
He probably would have engaged in trade with these peer nations
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ 쀑세 아프리카 경제의 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 연결고리 쀑 μΌλΆ€λ‘œμ„œ
12:13
as part of a massive continental nexus
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12:16
of great medieval African economies.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ£Όλ³€κ΅­λ“€κ³Ό 무역을 도λͺ¨ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:19
And like all of those great empires,
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그리고 λͺ¨λ“  μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ™•κ΅­λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
선디아타 μΌ€μ΄νƒ€λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 업적을 역사λ₯Ό 톡해 지킀기 μœ„ν•΄
12:23
Sundiata Keita invested in securing his legacy through history
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12:28
by using story --
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이야기λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
not just formalizing the idea of storytelling,
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μŠ€ν† λ¦¬ν…”λ§μ˜ ν˜•μ‹λ§Œμ„ κ°–μΆ”λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹Œ
12:37
but in building a whole convention
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그의 왕ꡭ을 μœ„ν•œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
12:40
of telling and retelling his story
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이야기λ₯Ό λŒ€λŒ€λ‘œ μ „ν•΄κ°€λŠ” κ΄€μŠ΅μ„ ν˜•μ„±μ‹œν‚¨ 것이죠.
12:43
as a key to founding a narrative
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12:45
for his empire.
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12:47
And these stories, in musical form,
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그리고 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이야기듀은
λ…Έλž˜μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
are still sung today.
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12:55
Now, several decades after the death of Sundiata,
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μ„ λ””μ•„νƒ€μ˜ 죽음 μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ 이후
12:58
a new king ascended the throne,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 왕이 μ™•μ’Œμ— μ•‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ°”λ‘œ κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•œ ν™©μ œ, λ§Œμ‚¬ λ¬΄μ‚¬μ˜€μ£ .
13:01
Mansa Musa, its most famous emperor.
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13:05
Now, Mansa Musa is famed for his vast gold reserves
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λ§Œμ‚¬ λ¬΄μ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ ν™©κΈˆ λ³΄μœ λŸ‰
13:08
and for sending envoys to the courts of Europe and the Middle East.
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그리고 유럽과 쀑동에 λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ”
μ‚¬μ ˆλ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ 유λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:13
He was every bit as ambitious as his predecessors,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ „μž„ ν™©μ œλ“€μ— 뒀지지 μ•Šμ„ 만큼 야망이 λ„˜μ³€μ§€λ§Œ
13:17
but saw a different kind of route of securing his place in history.
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역사 속 μžμ‹ μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법을 νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
In 1324, Mansa Musa went on pilgrimage to Mecca,
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1324년에 λ§Œμ‚¬ λ¬΄μ‚¬λŠ” λ©”μΉ΄λ‘œ μˆœλ‘€ 여정을 λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
and he traveled with a retinue of thousands.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 수천의 μ‹œμ’…μ„ λŒ€λ™ν•΄ 떠났고
13:28
It's been said that 100 camels each carried 100 pounds of gold.
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μ΄λ•Œ 100마리의 낙타듀이 100νŒŒμš΄λ“œμ”©μ˜ ν™©κΈˆμ„ μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μ „ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
It's been recorded that he built a fully functioning mosque
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ—¬μ •μ˜ κΈˆμš”μΌλ§ˆλ‹€
μ™„μ „ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© μ§€μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  기둝되며
13:39
every Friday of his trip,
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13:41
and performed so many acts of kindness,
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ„ λ§Žμ€ 선행을 λ² ν’€μ–΄
13:44
that the great Berber chronicler, Ibn Battuta, wrote,
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ λ²„λ²„μ˜ μ—°λŒ€κΈ° μž‘κ°€μΈ 일번 λ°”νˆ¬νƒ€κ°€
13:48
"He flooded Cairo with kindness,
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"κ·ΈλŠ” 카이둜λ₯Ό μ„ ν–‰μœΌλ‘œ 가득 차게 ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
13:51
spending so much in the markets of North Africa and the Middle East
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뢁아프리카와 μ€‘λ™μ˜ μ‹œμž₯μ—μ„œ 맀우 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ 써
13:54
that it affected the price of gold into the next decade."
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μ‹­ λ…„κ°„μ˜ ν™©κΈˆκ°’μ— 영ν–₯을 쀄 μ •λ„μ˜€λ‹€." 라고 쓰기도 ν–ˆμ£ .
λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” 길에 λ§Œμ‚¬ λ¬΄μ‚¬λŠ”
14:00
And on his return,
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14:01
Mansa Musa memorialized his journey
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μ™•κ΅­ 쀑심지에 λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό μ„Έμ›€μœΌλ‘œμ¨
14:05
by building a mosque at the heart of his empire.
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여정을 κΈ°λ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:11
And the legacy of what he left behind,
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λ§Œμ‚¬ 무사가 남긴 μœ μ‚° νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λŠ”
14:14
Timbuktu,
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아프리카 ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 남긴 역사적 기둝물의 ν•œ 갈래λ₯Ό λŒ€ν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
it represents one of the great bodies of written historical material
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14:21
produced by African scholars:
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14:23
about 700,000 medieval documents,
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ν•™μˆ μ μΈ 기둝물뢀터 νŽΈμ§€κΈ€κΉŒμ§€
14:26
ranging from scholarly works to letters,
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70λ§Œμ—¬ κ°€μ§€μ˜ 쀑세 기둝물듀이
14:30
which have been preserved often by private households.
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주둜 λ―Όκ°„ 가정듀에 μ˜ν•΄ λ³΄μ‘΄λ˜μ–΄ μ „ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:33
And at its peak, in the 15th and 16th centuries,
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그리고 15, 16μ„ΈκΈ° νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ˜ μ ˆμ •κΈ°μ—
14:36
the university there was as influential
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그곳의 λŒ€ν•™μ€ 유럽의 μ–΄λ–€ κ΅μœ‘κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό 견주어도
14:40
as any educational establishment in Europe,
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될 μ •λ„μ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
14:43
attracting about 25,000 students.
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25,000λͺ… κ°€λŸ‰μ˜ 학생듀을 λŒμ–΄ λ“€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:46
This was in a city of around 100,000 people.
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100,000λͺ… κ°€λŸ‰μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄λ˜ λ„μ‹œμ˜€μ£ .
14:50
It cemented Timbuktu as a world center of learning.
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μ΄λŠ” νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λ₯Ό 세계적인 λ°°μ›€μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œ 우뚝 μ„œκ²Œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
But this was a very particular kind of learning
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이곳의 κ΅μœ‘μ€ 이슬람이 μ£Όλ„ν•˜κ³ 
14:59
that was focused and driven by Islam.
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μ΄μŠ¬λžŒμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ‘λŠ” κ³ μ •λœ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ°°μ›€μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
15:03
And since I first visited Timbuktu,
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μ €λŠ” νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λ₯Ό 처음 λ°©λ¬Έν•œ 이래둜
15:05
I've visited many other libraries across Africa,
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아프리카 μ „μ—­μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§Žμ€ λ„μ„œκ΄€λ“€μ„ λ‹€λ…€λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:08
and despite Hegel's view that Africa has no history,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” 역사가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” ν—€κ²”μ˜ 관점에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ 역사λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  있음과 λ™μ‹œμ—
15:14
not only is it a continent with an embarrassment of history,
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15:18
it has developed unrivaled systems for collecting and promoting it.
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역사λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•©ν•˜κ³  μ΄‰μ§„μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ°μ—λŠ”
비ꡐ할 수 μ—†λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:23
There are thousands of small archives,
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수 천 개의 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 기둝 λ³΄κ΄€μ†Œμ™€
15:26
textile drum stores,
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κ°€μ£½ 뢁 상점듀은
15:28
that have become more than repositories of manuscripts and material culture.
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 기둝물과 물질 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μ €μž₯μ†Œ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
우리 κ³΅λ™μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ ν† λŒ€λ‘œμ„œ
15:33
They have become fonts of communal narrative,
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15:36
symbols of continuity,
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그리고 μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μƒμ§•μœΌλ‘œ μžλ¦¬λ§€κΉ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
and I'm pretty sure that many of those European philosophers
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 지적 전톡에 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•œ
15:41
who questioned an African intellectual tradition
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λ§Žμ€ 유럽 μ² ν•™μžλ“€λ„ 편견 뒀에, μ†μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
15:45
must have, beneath their prejudices,
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ 배움에 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 지식인듀이
15:48
been aware of the contribution of Africa's intellectuals
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κΈ°μ—¬ν–ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ¦¬λΌ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:53
to Western learning.
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15:54
They must have known
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μœ λŸ½μΈλ“€μ€ μ§€μ€‘ν•΄μ˜ 배움을 μ£Όλ„ν•œ
15:56
of the great North African medieval philosophers
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ λΆμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 쀑세 μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:59
who had driven the Mediterranean.
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16:01
They must have known about and been aware of
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그듀은 λ˜ν•œ κΈ°λ…κ΅μ˜ 전톡 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ
16:04
that tradition that is part of Christianity, of the three wise men.
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μ„Έ λ™λ°©λ°•μ‚¬μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
And in the medieval period, Balthazar, that third wise man,
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쀑세 μ‹œκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ μ„Έ 번째 동방박사인
λ°œνƒ€μžλ₯΄λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ™•μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ €μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:14
was represented as an African king.
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16:16
And he became hugely popular
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그리고 κ·ΈλŠ” κ΅¬μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 지적 λ²„νŒ€λͺ©μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
16:19
as the third intellectual leg of Old World learning,
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유럽과 μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ™€ μ–΄κΉ¨λ₯Ό λ‚˜λž€νžˆ ν•˜λ©° 유λͺ…μ„Έλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:23
alongside Europe and Asia, as a peer.
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16:27
These things were well-known.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 사싀은 맀우 잘 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:31
These communities did not grow up in isolation.
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이 곡동체듀은 κ³ λ¦½λ˜μ–΄ μ„±μž₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ˜ 뢀와 ꢌλ ₯은
16:35
Timbuktu's wealth and power developed because the city became
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λ„μ‹œκ°€ λŒ€λ₯™ κ°„ λ¬΄μ—­λ‘œμ—μ„œ μœ λ¦¬ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆμ—ˆκΈ°μ—
16:39
a hub of lucrative intercontinental trade routes.
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μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œμ„œ λ°œμ „ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:43
This was one center
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λŠ”
16:45
in a borderless, transcontinental,
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ꡭ경을 λ„˜λ‚˜λ“€λ©°
야망 λ„˜μΉ˜κ³ , λŒ€μ™Έμ€‘μ‹¬μ μ΄λ©° μžκΈμ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 가득 μ°¬ λŒ€λ₯™μ˜
16:48
ambitious, outwardly focused, confident continent.
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ν•œ μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:52
Berber merchants, they carried salt and textiles
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λ²„λ²„μ˜ 상인듀은 μ†ŒκΈˆκ³Ό μ„¬μœ 
16:56
and new precious goods and learning down into West Africa
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그리고 κ·€μ€‘ν•œ μž¬ν™”μ™€ 배움을 사막을 κ°€λ‘œμ§ˆλŸ¬
μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—κΉŒμ§€ μ „ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:00
from across the desert.
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17:03
But as you can see from this map
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜μ„œλ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―
λ§Œμ‚¬ λ¬΄μ‚¬μ˜ μ‚Ά 쑰금 이후 μ œμž‘λœ 이 지도λ₯Ό 보면
17:06
that was produced a little time after the life of Mansa Musa,
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17:10
there was also a nexus of sub-Saharan trade routes,
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μ‚¬ν•˜λΌ μ‚¬λ§‰μ˜ 남μͺ½μ—λ„ λ¬΄μ—­λ‘œλ₯Ό μž‡λŠ” 연결고리가 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:15
along which African ideas and traditions
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이 μ—°κ²°λ‘œλ₯Ό 따라 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 아이디어와 전톡이
17:18
added to the intellectual worth of Timbuktu
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ˜ 지적 κ°€μΉ˜μ— λ”ν•΄μ‘Œκ³ 
사막을 μ§€λ‚˜ μœ λŸ½μ—κΉŒμ§€ μ „ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:22
and indeed across the desert to Europe.
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17:26
Manuscripts and material culture,
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기둝물과 물질 λ¬Έν™”λŠ”
17:30
they have become fonts of communal narrative,
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우리 κ³΅λ™μ˜ 이야기에 μžˆμ–΄ ν† λŒ€κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 상징이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:35
symbols of continuity.
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μ €λŠ” 우리의 역사에 λΉ„λ‚œμ„ λΌμ–Ήμ—ˆλ˜
17:37
And I'm pretty sure that those European intellectuals
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17:41
who cast aspersions on our history,
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유럽 지식인듀이
17:45
they knew fundamentally about our traditions.
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κ·Όλ³Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 우리의 전톡을 μΈμ§€ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:50
And today, as strident forces like Ansar Dine and Boko Haram
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μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ λ‹€μΈμ΄λ‚˜ 보코 ν•˜λžŒκ³Ό 같은 곡격적인 μ„Έλ ₯듀이
17:54
grow popular in West Africa,
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μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 인기λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ 
17:56
it's that spirit of truly indigenous, dynamic, intellectual defiance
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우리 ν† μ’…μ˜ κ³ μœ ν•œ, λ‹€μ΄λ‚΄λ―Ήν•œ 그리고 지적인 μ €ν•­μ˜ μ •μ‹ λ§Œμ΄
18:02
that holds ancient traditions in good stead.
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κ³ λŒ€μ˜ 전톡을 건μž₯ν•œ μƒνƒœλ‘œ 지킬 수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:05
When Mansa Musa made Timbuktu his capital,
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λ§Œμ‚¬ 무사가 νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ„λ‘œ μ‚Όμ•˜μ„ λ–„
18:08
he looked upon the city as a Medici looked upon Florence:
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κ·ΈλŠ” 마치 λ©”λ””μΉ˜κ°€ ν”Όλ Œμ²΄λ₯Ό 바라보듯
νŒ€λΆνˆ¬λ₯Ό λ°”λΌλ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:12
as the center of an open, intellectual, entrepreneurial empire
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 아이디어λ₯Ό 기반으둜 λ²ˆμ„±ν•˜λŠ”
μ—΄λ € 있고 지적이며 선도적인 μ™•κ΅­μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 말이죠.
18:17
that thrived on great ideas wherever they came from.
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νŒ€λΆνˆ¬μ™€ κ·Έ λ¬Έν™”, κ·Έ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 맀우 지적인 μœ μ „μžλŠ”
18:21
The city, the culture,
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18:23
the very intellectual DNA of this region
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18:26
remains so beautifully complex and diverse,
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λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ
κ·Έ 무엇보닀 μ•„λ¦„λ‹΅κ²Œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆκΈ°μ—
18:30
that it will always remain, in part,
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이슬람 μ΄μ „μ˜ ν† μ’… μ „ν†΅μ—μ„œ μ „ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 이야기 μ†μ—μ„œλ„
18:32
located in storytelling traditions that derive from indigenous,
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늘 μ „ν•΄ λ‚΄λ €μ˜¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:37
pre-Islamic traditions.
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λ§λ¦¬μ—μ„œ λ°œμ „λœ 맀우 성곡적인 이슬람의 ν˜•νƒœκΈ°
18:39
The highly successful form of Islam that developed in Mali became popular
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인기λ₯Ό 얻은 μ΄μœ λŠ”
18:44
because it accepted those freedoms
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λ°”λ‘œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μžμœ μ™€ λ‚΄μž¬λœ 문화적 닀양성을
18:46
and that inherent cultural diversity.
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λ°›μ•„λ“€μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ³΅μž‘λ‹€μ–‘ν•¨μ„ μΆ•λ³΅ν•˜κ³ 
18:49
And the celebration of that complexity,
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18:51
that love of rigorously contested discourse,
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μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ λ…ΌμŸμ„ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λ©°
18:55
that appreciation of narrative,
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μΈμ •ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄
18:57
was and remains, in spite of everything,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
19:00
the very heart of West Africa.
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μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 심μž₯으둜 λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:04
And today, as the shrines and the mosque vandalized by Ansar Dine
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그리고 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , μ•ˆμ‚¬λ₯΄ 닀인에 μ˜ν•΄
파괴된 μ‹ μ „κ³Ό λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬κ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ 지어진 μ§€κΈˆ
19:08
have been rebuilt,
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곡격의 μ£Όλ„μžλ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ 투μ˜₯λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:10
many of the instigators of their destruction have been jailed.
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19:13
And we are left with powerful lessons,
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이 사건은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ κΉŠμ€ 배움을 μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ 
19:16
reminded once again of how our history and narrative
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우리의 역사와 이야기가 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 수 μ²œλ…„ κ°„
19:21
have held communities together for millennia,
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우리 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μ§€μΌœμ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌ°κ³ 
ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 아프리카λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° 역사가 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œκ°€λ₯Ό
19:25
how they remain vital in making sense of modern Africa.
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λ˜μƒˆκΈ°κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:29
And we're also reminded
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μžμ‹ κ° λ„˜μΉ˜κ³ , 지적이며 지도λ ₯ 있고, μ™Έν–₯적인
19:31
of how the roots of this confident, intellectual, entrepreneurial,
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λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό ν­λ„“κ²Œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” λ¬΄κ΄€μ„Έμ˜ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λΏŒλ¦¬κ°€
19:36
outward-facing, culturally porous, tariff-free Africa
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19:41
was once the envy of the world.
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ν•œλ•Œ 온 μ„Έμƒμ˜ λΆ€λŸ¬μ›€μ„ μ‚¬λ˜ μž₯μ†Œμ˜€μŒμ„
λ‹€μ‹œ μΌκΉ¨μ›Œμ£ΌκΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:44
But those roots, they remain.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΏŒλ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€λ„ 전해지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:46
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
19:48
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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