Kim Stanley Robinson: Remembering climate change ... a message from the year 2071 | TED Countdown

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2021-08-30 ใƒป TED


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Kim Stanley Robinson: Remembering climate change ... a message from the year 2071 | TED Countdown

72,188 views ใƒป 2021-08-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dahyeon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yujin Son
[๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ 2071๋…„, ์—ฌ๋ฆ„]
2020๋…„์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ
๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
00:16
The 2020s were a crux in human history.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:20
They began with the first pandemic,
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
00:22
a slap to the face of everyone,
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์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณผํ•™์— ์˜์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:23
as they had to acknowledge that they were a single civilization
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์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋ž€ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
on a single biosphere,
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2020๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
00:29
utterly dependent on science to keep them alive.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
์ฒซ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ํ›„์—๋„
00:33
Civilization is a fragile thing.
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2023๋…„์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํญ์—ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋ถˆํƒœ์›Œ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
And although people started the '20s hoping to ignore that profound truth,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” โ€œ35๋„์˜ ์Šต๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„โ€๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ 
00:39
even after the first pandemic,
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๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์Šต๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
the great heat waves of 2023 torched any such hope.
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00:45
Humans cannot survive combinations of high heat and high humidity
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๊ทธ ํ•ด, 36๋„์˜ ์Šต๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„์™€ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„
00:49
that rise above an index temperature called "wet-bulb 35."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘๋ถ€์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:53
And that year, the wet-bulb 36 events in India, in Southeast Asia
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
and in the American Midwest
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์˜ ๋„๋ž˜๊ฐ€
01:02
killed so many more people than the first pandemic
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๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:04
that it was made clear to everyone things simply had to change.
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๊ทธ ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
01:09
The arrival of the second pandemic put an exclamation mark on all that.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
01:14
The question at that desperate point was: Could things change?
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๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ๋•Œ์— ์ง€๊ตฌ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ
01:18
Could humanity stop its destructive ways
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ,
01:20
and restore balance to its relationship to its biosphere?
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:23
Crucially, could it lower the global average temperature of the earth
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ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
60๋…„์ด ํ๋ฅธ ๋’ค์ธ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
in time to avoid killing millions more people,
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01:30
more animals
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
and indeed entire species?
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๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ ,
01:34
Looking back from our perspective 60 years later, this of course looks possible,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:38
because they did it.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:39
But it was by no means a sure thing.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
You have to imagine what it felt like at the time, when panic filled the air,
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๊ทธ 10๋…„์ด โ€œ๊ฒฉ๋™์˜ 20๋…„๋Œ€โ€ ํ˜น์€
01:45
and no one could be sure success was even physically possible.
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โ€œ๋‘๋ ค์šด 20๋…„๋Œ€โ€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ์ฐธ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—์•ผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ โ€œ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ 20๋…„๋Œ€โ€ ํ˜น์€
01:49
Many declared that humanity was doomed.
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01:51
This is why that decade gets called "the turbulent 20s"
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โ€œ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝ์˜ 20๋…„๋Œ€โ€๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋น„๋ก ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฐ๋ ํ•œ ๋†๋‹ด์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
01:54
or "the terrifying 20s."
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01:56
Only much later did some historians begin to call it "the terrific 20s"
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์€ โ€œ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝ์˜ 20๋…„๋Œ€โ€์™€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์–ด์š”.
01:59
or even "the roaring 20s,"
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02:01
although that's a historian's joke and as usual, a bad one.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ด์ƒํ–ˆ์ฃ .
์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ,
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ตํ›ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋น›์„ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
It was not at all like the roaring twenties of a century before.
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„๋Š” ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ง‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:09
It was much stranger than that.
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
02:12
In these critical years, lessons learned in the first pandemic got put to use.
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ํ˜‘๋™์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
The scientific community had rallied to meet that crisis
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‰ด ๋…ธ๋ฉ€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:19
in an unprecedented way,
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02:20
unleashing a burst of cooperation and creativity never seen before.
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2023๋…„์˜ ํญ์—ผ์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
02:25
And now they did it again.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„๋˜๋Š”
02:27
Things that had once seemed impossible became the new normal,
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์ „๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ž๊ทนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
and the heat waves of 2023 spurred an all-hands-on-deck mentality,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด 2020๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
02:34
in which almost every solution ever proposed to help solve the climate crisis
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๋‹ค๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
got accelerated to roll out and given a try.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ณตํ•™, ์˜ํ•™,
02:41
The diversity of this effort makes any study of the 20s
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ธ STEM์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
02:44
a very multidisciplinary affair -- which I like -- involving all of science,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
ํ†ต์น˜, ๋ฒ•, ์ •์˜, ์™ธ๊ต, ์ฒ ํ•™, ์˜ˆ์ˆ 
02:48
technology, engineering and medicine,
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02:50
STEM yes, our great tool kit,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธˆ์œต๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
but also, crucially:
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์† ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
02:55
governance, law, justice, diplomacy, philosophy and the arts,
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๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹น์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
and most of all, finance.
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03:02
Rapid changes in civilization software
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์˜ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:04
were what allowed for the rapid changes in its hardware.
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03:07
Crucially, the people of that time had to arrange to pay themselves
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๋ˆ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์— ์“ฐ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:12
to do the things necessary to heal the biosphere.
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๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Money had to go to good work rather than bad.
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2020๋…„๋Œ€ ์ „์—๋Š”
์ž๋ณธ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐฐ๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
03:19
This was the crux.
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03:20
With that change enacted,
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์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
there was all manner of good work ready to be performed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
It has to be understood that before the 20s,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
03:27
capital always went to the highest rate of return.
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ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:30
That was the law of capital,
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:32
often literally the law.
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์ž๋ณธ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
03:34
Restoring damage done to the biosphere,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฌ์•™์ด ์ฐพ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
taking carbon dioxide back out of the atmosphere --
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
these did not yield the highest rate of return,
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03:40
so money went elsewhere,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ •์น˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€
03:42
and thus the catastrophe struck home.
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๊ณผํ•™ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
03:45
Strange as it seems now, the funding of destruction might even have continued
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ˜‘์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
03:49
were it not for a basic change in the global political economy,
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
03:52
a change oriented by science,
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๊ธˆ์œต ๋…น์ƒ‰ํ™” ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
organized under the Paris Agreement
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03:56
and then enacted by all the nations on earth.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ 89๊ฐœ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋“ค ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์‹œ์™€ ์žฅ๋ ค ์•„๋ž˜,
04:00
The mechanism for this transformation
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์ค‘์•™ ์€ํ–‰๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํƒ„์†Œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
04:02
was called the Network for Greening the Financial System,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
an organization of 89 of the world's central banks.
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โ€œํƒ„์†Œ ์–‘์  ์™„ํ™”โ€ ๋˜๋Š” โ€œํƒ„์†Œ ์ฝ”์ธโ€์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Under the direction and encouragement of their governments,
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04:10
these central banks shifted the world to what some now call the carbon standard.
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๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™”ํ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
04:15
It also gets called "carbon quantitative easing" or "the carbon coin."
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์–‘์—
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ, ํ™ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐ‘ ๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:19
The idea was this:
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04:21
that new fiat money should be created precisely in proportion
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ˆ์€
04:24
to the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
04:26
and sequestered in plants, soil or the rocks under our feet.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
์ฃผ์–ด์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
And that new money was to be given to anyone
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์ด ํ†ตํ™”์™€ ์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ…์€
04:33
who drew carbon back out of the air
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์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™”๋กœ ํ‹€์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:35
or demonstrably and over the long term
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04:37
refrained from burning it in the first place.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‹คํ–‰ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
This monetary and fiscal policy
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์žฌ์ƒ๋†์—…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
reoriented a huge proportion of human work to decarbonizing projects,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:46
and there were a lot of them ready to go.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ ์—ญ์‹œ
04:49
Regenerative agriculture was one giant area,
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์‹ ์†ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ
04:52
very important, as people still needed to eat while saving the world.
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์ง์ ‘์  ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํฌํš๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:55
Reforestation, where appropriate, was also a rapid method of carbon drawdown.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ฝ”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ถˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
So was direct air capture,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํฌํš๋œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š”
์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์™€ ์ฒ ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด์žฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
05:01
which required an entirely new physical infrastructure,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ฝ”์ธ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
all paid for by carbon coins.
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์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์—๋„ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Some captured carbon got rendered into replacements for concrete and steel,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ง€์™€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ˆ,
05:11
and that, too, earned carbon coins.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ์ถ•๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜
05:13
Habitat restoration also helped, usually.
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05:16
Once people were getting paid to take care of the earth's land and animals,
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์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฉธ์ข…์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
05:21
carbon drawdown then joined the effort to stop the mass extinction event
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:25
that we had been slipping into.
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05:27
Of course, clean energy is fundamental to powering all of this good work,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:32
and installing thousands of gigawatts of clean energy production
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, 20๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
05:35
was a mammoth task.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•ด์•ผ
05:36
Millions of people spent their careers
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์™„์ „ ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
in this great infrastructural transformation.
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โ€œ์™„์ „ ๊ณ ์šฉโ€์ด๋ž€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์˜ ๋์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Indeed, there was so much work to be done in the 20s
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05:44
that governments funding it were able to create full employment.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ,
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
05:47
"Create full employment," which of course means an end to poverty.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜ผ๋ž€๋“ค์€ 20๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—
๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ•ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
That there wouldn't be enough work for people,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
05:55
that there was a contradiction between people's health
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์™ธ์–‘๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
and the biosphere's health --
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05:59
these were confusions so ingrained in the era before the 20s,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋•…์†์— ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋„
06:02
they're now hard to understand.
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๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
But hindsight is 20/20, if you'll excuse me saying so.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ž์›๋“ค๋กœ
๋–ผ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ฉธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
And as for keeping fossil fuels in the ground,
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06:10
this, too, had to be compensated,
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๋ฒ ๋„ค์ˆ˜์—˜๋ผ, ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค,
06:12
as many nations were literally banking on these resources,
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„์œ ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
06:15
the burning of which would ironically have destroyed them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ ์ฝ”์ธ์ด ์ง€๊ธ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ
06:18
When petrostates like Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada and Russia
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์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒ”์•˜๋Š”์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ์š”.
06:22
declared they were going to keep it in the ground,
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๋„์‹œ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋Š”,
ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:24
they were paid in carbon coins,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
on a timetable matched to how quickly
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ตํ†ต ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ, ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์ถฉ์ „์†Œ,
06:28
they would have extracted and sold these fuels.
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์ธํ•„์‹ ๊ฑด์„ค, ๋„์‹œ ๋†์—…, ์ฒญ์ • ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ -
06:31
At the level of cities,
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06:32
infrastructure changes got paid for as they reduced carbon burn.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋„์‹œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด ๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
Mass transit projects, electric car recharging stations,
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋„ ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:38
infill construction, city agriculture, clean power generation --
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋ฌด๊ฒฝ์ž‘ ๋†์—…, ๋…น์ง€ ๋ชฉ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ธฐ,
06:43
all these actions earned carbon coins at the city level.
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ํ† ํƒ„ ์ˆ˜๋  ์กฐ์„ฑ, ๋‹ค์‹œ๋งˆ ์–‘์‹,
06:46
And individuals could earn the coins as well,
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
by efforts such as no-till agriculture or green ranching,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œํ™” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด
06:52
peat bog creation, kelp farming
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์ด์   ๋ˆ์˜ ๋‚ญ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
and also swapping out dirty machines for clean ones.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
All such decarbonizing efforts now made money rather than cost money.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐ์ถ• ์ธ์ฆ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
์ธก์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Well, of course, there were many problems created by this shift in value.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:08
Certifying carbon drawdown became a huge industry in itself,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€...
07:11
and anything that gets measured gets gamed.
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2027๋…„์— ๋„๋ž˜ํ•œ ํญ์—ผ์€
07:14
So this was not a simple matter.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃฌ ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์–ด์„œ
07:16
But it got done.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์žฌ์•™์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ 
๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:18
And then ...
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๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
07:20
the heat waves of 2027 made it seem
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๋งŒํผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:22
as if all their good work had come too late,
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07:24
the people could no longer stop a slide into catastrophe.
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๋‹ค์Œํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋จผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด
07:27
Things could have fallen apart that year,
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ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์šฐํšŒ์‹œ์ผœ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
07:29
and there was enough turmoil to make it seem like that was what was happening.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋‚œ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
07:33
The countries that cast dust into the atmosphere the next summer
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ์€ ์ ์  ์ปค์ ธ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
07:36
to deflect sunlight into space and cool things off for a while --
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์ •์น˜์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•จ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
these countries were excoriated by many,
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ, ๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ ํ˜๋ช…, ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
07:41
but thanked by many more.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
07:44
The sense of emergency grew strong,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌํƒœ์—์„œ ์กฐํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
and political instability spread like wildfire.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
07:48
The creation of a dozen new countries by way of divorces, velvet or otherwise,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง„ ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:52
was hard to reconcile with the climate emergency work.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
07:55
And for some years, history seemed to fall into chaos.
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์ •์น˜์  ์—ด๊ธฐ๋„ ์‹์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋•…์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ
08:00
Often seems that way.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ
08:02
The global temperatures cooled for a few years after that,
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์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
and political temperatures cooled as well.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋Š”
์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ™•์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
08:07
Indigenous people took an active role in managing the lands
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๊ณ„์† ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
that they knew the best,
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08:11
bringing back much-needed values of long-term care.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ •๊ถŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ์ž,
08:14
Women's empowerment continued to expand
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๋ชจ๋“  ์••๋ฐ•์ด ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
by way of the continuous and undeniable work of women.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ข…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:20
And when the world's population then began to level off,
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๋„“์€ ์•ผ์ƒ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ํ†ต๋กœ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด
08:23
pressures of all kinds were reduced accordingly.
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08:26
The project also of leaving a big percentage of the earth's surface
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๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ์ด์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
to our cousin species
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฉธ์ข…์€
08:31
gained momentum, with large reserves of wildland connected by habitat corridors
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์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
to make migrations possible again.
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08:37
And the mass extinction event that had looked inevitable
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๋น„๋ก 2028๋…„์˜ ํ–‡๋น› ๊ตด์ ˆ์ด
์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ˆˆ์†์ž„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:41
began to shift into a global project of mutual care.
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๋‚จ๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋˜
08:46
Although the sunlight deflection of 2028
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋น™ํ•˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋…น์€ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํผ๋‚ด๋˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„
08:48
remains by far the most famous act of geofinessing,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
it's important to recall the effort in Antarctica and Greenland
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์žฌ์•™์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
to pump meltwater out from under the great glaciers
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ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
08:57
that were then sliding faster and faster into the sea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น™ํ•˜ ๋ฐ‘์˜ ๋…น์€ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€
08:59
Sea level rise could have been a catastrophe for everybody,
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๋น™ํ•˜์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฒช์€ ๋’ค
๋‹ค์‹œ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
not just near the coastlines, but everybody.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
09:06
But removing that meltwater beneath the glaciers
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์ „์—๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋“ฏ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„,
09:09
caused their ice to bottom out on rock again,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
slowed the ice back to its historical norms.
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์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:14
Sea level rise is still a concern, of course,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์˜ CO2 ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์ œ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:16
but in this matter, as in so many,
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09:17
carbon drawdown is a huge help.
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๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
09:20
It's the clear signal indicating that we have taken up our responsibility
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
for keeping the biosphere in balance,
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09:26
that the parts per million of CO2 in the atmosphere
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ •๋ง ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
is now under our control
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
09:30
and a matter of international treaty negotiation.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ธ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
This is really the great accomplishment of our time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์œ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
It means we can put sea level, along with everything else,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
09:40
onto a shared path towards long-term stability.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 60๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š”,
09:42
It's another way in which we can say we now live on the carbon standard.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ๋Œ€๋„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋„์ „์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด๊ณ ,
09:48
We take that for granted now.
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
09:49
But 60 years ago, it was a challenge no generation had had to beat.
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2020๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ์• ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
That they did it is something we should be grateful for,
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
and indeed, the more historians like me look at the 20s,
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10:00
the more amazing they become.
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10:02
Those people really stepped up.
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10:05
Thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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