How synthetic biology can improve our health, food and materials | Emily Leproust

42,367 views ใƒป 2021-04-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber:
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sieun Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:01
You probably don't think about it,
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00:03
but every day nature is trying to kill you.
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00:05
We as humans place constant pressure on our natural world.
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00:09
And in response, nature fights back to balance the scales.
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00:12
Nature has been adapting and reacting to the presence of human developments,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
just like we've been adapting and reacting to nature.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
And nature is telling us we are on an unsustainable path.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์˜ ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”์ฃ .
00:23
It is time to course correct.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
This does not mean abandoning technology,
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00:28
but it means harnessing the power of biology itself
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์† ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
to reconcile the creature comforts of human civilization
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00:35
with the natural world.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Some of you may be thinking, "but I recycle" or "I don't eat meat"
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์ด ๋ง์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
00:41
or โ€œI take the busโ€ or โ€œI grow my own food.โ€
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00:43
And in fact, you may be doing your part to live sustainably.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์•ˆ๋ฝํ•จ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ž๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
00:47
And if you do, good for you.
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
00:49
In my view, though, it's impossible to exclusively rely
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€ ํ˜น์€ โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฑ„์‹์„ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€œ
00:53
on an individual effort to make the changes we need.
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โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ธฐ๋ฅธ๋‹คโ€ ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
We have to make the changes at the global scale
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž˜ ๋œ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
01:00
to truly make a difference,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
01:02
and that requires rethinking
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
01:05
what modern global sustainability looks like
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01:07
and a new kind of environmentalism.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์•ผ๋งŒ
01:10
To be clear, when I talk about sustainability,
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๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
it's not just about the environment.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
While it's an important piece,
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01:17
sustainability is about much more.
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๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:20
Modern sustainability is the integration of the environment,
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๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งŒ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
people and the economy.
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01:26
Each of them is needed to thrive.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:29
You cannot have one without the other.
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Therefore, the practice of sustainability recognizes
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๊ทผ๋Œ€์  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
that everything is connected and requires a different approach.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ์š”.
์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
So do we both individually and collectively
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
change what we're doing today?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์€
01:46
I believe that technology and innovation,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
specifically biological innovation,
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01:51
is the key to answering that question.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค์„
01:53
Biological innovation will enable harmonious coexistence with nature
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
01:58
for humans today and in future generations,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ,
02:01
while still enjoying all of the creature comforts
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜์‹ ์ด
์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‹ต์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
we've come to expect.
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02:05
If we do it at the global scale, we will get back in balance with nature,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜์‹ ์€
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ณต์กด์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
which will be great for humanity
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
02:13
and will also improve the health of the planet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์•ˆ๋ฝ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:16
So how do we do that?
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
The answer is synthetic biology.
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02:21
Now, some of you may be thinking, "Synthetic biology?
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์ด๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:24
That sounds like an oxymoron at best and dangerous at worst."
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
02:29
How can something biological, which is based on nature,
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๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
also be synthetic, which implies not natural at all?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ . โ€œํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด์š”?
02:36
Well, synthetic biology is the engineering of nature
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ์•…์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ค์š”.โ€
02:39
to benefit society.
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02:41
The core component of synthetic biology is my favorite molecule, DNA.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:45
DNA is the code of life on Earth.
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02:47
It contains all the instructions for animals, plants, humans, microbes,
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ณตํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
bacteria, fungi and so much more.
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž DNA์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
By embracing the power of DNA,
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DNA๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
we will be able to achieve both comfort and sustainability.
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DNA์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋™๋ฌผ, ์‹๋ฌผ, ์ธ๊ฐ„, ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ, ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„, ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
03:04
Over the last millennia,
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03:05
our ancestors have pursued this in basic ways, for instance,
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DNA์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ
03:08
by improving milk production from cows
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŽธ์•”ํ•จ๊ณผ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
and making a wild grass called teosinte
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03:13
into edible corn.
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03:15
But it took thousands of years.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†ก๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Over the last 70 years, what our ancestors did in the field,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์†Œ์˜ ์ – ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:21
without even knowing they were doing genetic engineering,
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ํ…Œ์˜ค์‹ ํ…Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒํ’€์„
03:24
we started doing in laboratories.
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์‹์šฉ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:27
And as a consequence, we now have the scientific knowledge
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
and technological know-how
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์ง€๋‚œ 70๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์œ ์ „๊ณตํ•™์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค์„
03:32
to harness the power of DNA for the better.
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03:35
A true biological revolution.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So how can DNA and synthetic biology help?
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜์—ฌ
03:42
Well, we can affect change in three critical areas:
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DNA์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
health, food and materials.
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜๋ช…์ด์ฃ .
03:48
In health, an early health and economic success
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด DNA์™€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„๊นŒ์š”?
03:52
is recombinant injectable insulin to alleviate diabetes,
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
a disease that affects 463 million people worldwide.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์Œ์‹, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:01
Today, we can make insulin
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04:03
from either yeast or bacteria,
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๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉํ˜• ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
instead of extracting it from the pancreas of pigs and cows.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 4์–ต6์ฒœ300๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์ฃ .
04:09
This allows for the massive production of insulin
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04:12
at a fraction of the cost and without killing pigs and cows.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ œ์กฐ์— ํšจ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
This means that there are no longer any factory farms needed
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๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ผ์ง€๋‚˜ ์†Œ์˜ ์ทŒ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:19
to put insulin on your pharmacy shelf.
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์ด๋กœ์จ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ 
04:22
Today, using the power of genetics,
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04:24
we can reduce or even eliminate mosquito-borne diseases,
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๋ผ์ง€์™€ ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
such as malaria, Zika, and even treat dengue with gene drives.
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์ด๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์„ ์•ฝ๊ตญ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
๊ณต์žฅํ˜• ๋†์žฅ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
We are doing this by harnessing mosquitoes' own genetics to wipe them out.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์ „ํ•™์˜ ํž˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
๋ชจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
It's becoming a reality to correct defective genes
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๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ง€์นด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
04:41
in patients with inherited diseases,
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์œ ์ „์ž ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋Ž…๊ธฐ์—ด๋„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:44
such as severe combined immunodeficiency,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ธฐ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
you may know it as the bubble boy syndrome,
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04:49
and sickle cell anemia.
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์œ ์ „์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„
04:51
We can diagnose disease faster and more cost-effectively
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ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
by writing and reading DNA.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ค‘์ฆ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฒฐํ•์ฆ,
04:58
And already we can add pieces of DNA in the cell of the immune system
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๋ฒ„๋ธ”๋ณด์ด ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒธ์ƒ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ ๋นˆํ˜ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ‘์ด์ฃ .
05:03
to identify and kill cancer cells in patients.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” DNA๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ฝ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
05:07
Thanks to advances like this,
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05:08
in the future, even terminal cancer will become chronic diseases.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณ„ ์„ธํฌ์— DNA ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:13
One major change that is enabling these incredible advances
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
is the ability to read
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05:19
and more importantly to write DNA at scale.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋•๋ถ„์—
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋ง๊ธฐ ์•”๋„ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Over the last 20 years,
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05:23
the price of writing one base pair of DNA
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
05:26
has dropped from 10 dollars to nine cents,
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05:29
more than a hundredfold decrease,
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DNA๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:31
drastically reducing cost and unleashing the imagination of scientists worldwide.
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ DNA๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
DNA ํ•œ ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ 9์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ
05:37
This ability to write DNA at scale also impacts food and material.
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100๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์‹ธ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
05:42
So speaking of food, DNA-based synthetic biology techniques today
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋Œ€ํญ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:46
can engineer bacteria to deliver nitrogen at the root of plants,
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DNA๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
eliminating the need for fertilizers,
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05:54
which you may or may not know are produced from either coal
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์Œ์‹ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  DNA ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
05:57
or natural gas that is extracted from the ground.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ฌผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:00
That is a triple win:
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06:01
more food, lower food cost
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06:03
and no need to extract fossil fuel from the ground to grow food.
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๋น„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋•…์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์„ํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:08
While this may seem futuristic,
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์•„์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
companies are working on it now, with field-testing already underway.
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์ด๊ฑด 3๊ด€์™•์ด์ฃ .
์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์‹๋น„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ 
06:14
We can control crop-destroying pests using environmentally-friendly methods,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋•…์—์„œ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:19
essentially using the bugs' own scent
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋จผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
06:22
to prevent them from mating and laying eggs,
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๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜„์žฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ
ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
while also protecting birds, bees and other animals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ถฉ์„ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:29
These methods are expensive today, but costs will come down.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:33
We can protect bananas and papayas today,
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์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
06:36
two crops that are threatened by deadly pathogens.
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์ƒˆ, ๋ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
By engineering them to be resistant to this pathogen,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
we can ensure that commercial scale production continues.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
It is true for bananas and papaya,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด ๋‘ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:49
but it's also true for many other plants
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06:52
that are coming under similar attack from nature.
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๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ DNA๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:55
Third. Let's talk about material.
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์ƒ์—…์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Everything we touch today comes from oil
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:01
or natural gas extracted from the ground,
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์ž์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
07:03
and that is just unsustainable.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And we can do better using fermentation.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:09
We all know about fermentation.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
07:11
You feed sugar to yeast and it gets bigger.
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๋•…์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋œ ์„์œ ๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Or, in France, where I come from, we call it champagne.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Today, by using the same cells, like yeast, algae and bacteria,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœํšจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
you can engineer them to ferment sugar or other biomass to produce chemicals.
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๋ฐœํšจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
ํšจ๋ชจ์— ์„คํƒ•์„ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
These tiny cells are the equivalent
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ƒดํŽ˜์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
07:29
of exceptionally efficient manufacturing facilities.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ํšจ๋ชจ, ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜, ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:32
And it's amazing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ DNA๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
07:34
You can make the same chemicals that are made from oil
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์„คํƒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œ์ผœ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
and you couldn't tell the difference.
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07:38
That includes directly producing plastic, flavor, fragrances,
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€
๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ œ์กฐ ์„ค๋น„๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
sweetener and so much more.
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์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
07:45
For instance,
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07:46
the production process to make blue dye
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ชป ๋Š๋ผ์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
used in the fabrication of blue jeans,
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์ด๊ฑด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ, ์กฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ, ํ–ฅ๋ฃŒ, ๊ฐ๋ฏธ๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ์„
07:51
is a massive polluter of the environment.
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07:54
Through fermentation, you can make the same dye much cheaper
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์ง์ ‘ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
07:58
and without the environmental impact.
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์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€ ์ œ์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž‘์ƒ‰ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€
08:00
That is guilt-free jeans.
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08:03
Another method we use to produce chemicals to enable our comfortable life
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐœํšจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์—ผ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:08
is to extract them from nature.
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08:10
And that is also unsustainable.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ ์—†๋Š” ์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์ฃ .
08:13
For instance, squalene is a key ingredient of moisturizer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
08:17
And I get it.
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08:18
We all want bright, beautiful hydrated skin.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
But did you know that shark livers is a major source of squalene?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์Šค์ฟ ์•Œ๋ Œ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฆผ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
Sharks are apex predators
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08:28
and a critical component of our ocean ecology.
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์ €๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ด‰์ด‰ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:31
So using sharks to make face cream just doesn't make sense.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šค์ฟ ์•Œ๋ Œ์˜ ์ฃผ์›๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
08:36
Instead, we can now make squalene by fermentation of cane sugar,
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์ƒ์–ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  ํฌ์‹์ž์ด์ž
08:40
and it's even available on Amazon.
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ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
I'm not just talking about replacing current materials
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ผ๊ตด ํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ง์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
with more sustainable ones.
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08:48
We are talking about making better chemicals
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๋Œ€์‹ , ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌํƒ•์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ ์„คํƒ•์„ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹œ์ผœ ์Šค์ฟ ์•Œ๋ Œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
that you could never make from oil
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08:52
and that will change your life in the future.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:55
For instance, spider silk is an amazing material.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค๋กœ
๋ฐ”๊พธ์ž๋Š” ๋ง๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
It's way stronger than steel and super light.
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์„์œ ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:02
The problem is that you cannot make spider silk from oil
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
and you cannot farm spiders.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์€ ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
You put a million spiders in a room.
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09:10
You come back a week later, you get one spider, they eat each other.
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๊ฐ•์ฒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ€๋ณ์ฃ .
09:14
By using synthetic biology,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„์œ ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
09:16
we will be able to produce spider silk at commercial scale
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋†์‚ฌ๋„ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
and avoid spider-on-spider violence.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ณณ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ณ  ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ ๋’ค ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด,
09:23
In the future planes and maybe even flying cars
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค ์žก์•„๋จน๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:26
will be made by synthetic spider silk instead of carbon composite material.
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:32
They'll be stronger, lighter and use less fuel.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋„
09:36
So this all sounds fantastic, but it gets better.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
It also makes economic sense.
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09:42
Yes, synthetic biology will give us health,
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๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋„ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:46
sustainable food and sustainable material,
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09:48
but it's also a lot cheaper.
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ํ—ˆํ™ฉ๋œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And let's be honest, a lot of people do not care about the environment,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ง์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์š”.
๋„ค, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์€
09:55
but everybody loves a deal.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์Œ์‹, ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:58
So we humans
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10:00
get health, food and materials at a lower cost
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:04
and nature gets sustainability for free.
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10:07
And an additional bonus is all the millions of jobs
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:10
that will be created through this modern vision of sustainability.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€
๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์Œ์‹, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์— ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
10:14
These are not menial jobs.
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10:16
These new jobs will be dignified and meaningful,
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:19
and they'll be spread globally
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋กœ
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋น„์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
to ensure that humans live more virtuously in nature.
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10:26
So synthetic biology is the key to making civilization sustainable
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์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ์ง์—…์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง์—…๋“ค์€ ์กด์—„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:31
and will also prevent nature from killing you too.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž์—ฐ ์†์—์„œ ๋” ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
In conclusion, we don't have to choose between either human benefits or nature.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์€ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด์‡ ์ด๋ฉฐ
10:41
We can move towards balance and have both in harmony.
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ง‰์•„์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
It's not that we could do it, it is that we should do it.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์„ ํƒํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
We have a moral imperative to do so.
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10:52
Thank you.
207
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋„๋•์  ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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