Are we interrupting the kinky sex lives of fish? | Marah J. Hardt

71,776 views ใƒป 2020-06-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Eunjeong Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ,
00:14
beneath a shimmering blue sea,
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๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ๋Š”,
00:17
millions of fish are having sex.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
(Cheers)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
00:24
And the way they're doing it and strategies they're using
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์€
00:27
looks nothing like what we see on land.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œก์ง€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Take parrotfish.
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๋น„๋Š˜๋”์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
00:33
In this species, all fish are born female,
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์ด ์–ด์ข…์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•”์ปท์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
and they look like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Then later in life,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์—,
00:40
she can transition into a male and she'll look like this.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
But it's not just a spectacular wardrobe change.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Her body can reabsorb her ovaries and grow testes in their place.
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๋ชธ์€ ๋‚œ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ณ ํ™˜์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
In just a few weeks,
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋งŒ์—,
00:56
she'll go from making eggs to producing sperm.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
It's pretty impressive,
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๊ฝค ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
and in the ocean it's also pretty common.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฝค ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
In fact, I bet nearly all of you have at some point had a seafood dish
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
made up of an individual that started life as one sex
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:12
and transitioned to another.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋œ ๋†ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์š”๋ฆฌ์š”.
01:14
Oysters?
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๊ตด?
01:16
Grouper?
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๋†์–ด?
01:17
Shrimp?
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์ƒˆ์šฐ?
01:19
Seeing some heads nodding, yeah.
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๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์ด์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
01:21
But not all fish that change sex start as females.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•”์ปท์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Those clown fish we know from "Finding Nemo"?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” "๋‹ˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ"์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํฐ๋™๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์žˆ์ฃ ?
01:29
They're all born male.
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๊ฑ”๋„ค๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์ปท์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
So in the real world,
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”
01:35
when Nemo's mother died,
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๋‹ˆ๋ชจ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:38
Nemo's dad Marlin would have transitioned into Marlene --
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๋‹ˆ๋ชจ์˜ ์•„๋น  ๋ง๋ฆฐ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:43
and Nemo would have likely mated with his father turned mother.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ˆ๋ชจ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ์—„๋งˆ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ์•„๋น ์™€ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:48
You can see --
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์™ ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:51
Yeah.
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๋„ค.
01:55
You can see why Pixar
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ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์™œ
01:56
took a little creative license with the plotline, right?
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์ค„๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
01:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:00
So sex change in the ocean can happen in either direction
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
and sometimes even back and forth,
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๋–„๋กœ๋Š” ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
02:06
and that's just one of the many amazing strategies animals use
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
02:10
to reproduce in the ocean.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ „๋žต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And trust me when I say
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:13
it's one of the least surprising.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
02:16
Sex in the sea is fascinating,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
and it's also really important,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
02:22
and not just to nerdy marine biologists like me
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ๋ถˆ๋ฅœ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ดํ•ด์—
02:24
who are obsessed with understanding these salty affairs.
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์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ๊ดด์งœ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:28
It matters for all of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Today, we depend on wild caught fish
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
to help feed over two billion people
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์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 20์–ต์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
02:37
on the planet.
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๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:39
We need millions of oysters and corals to build the giant reefs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ํญํ’์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”
02:43
that protect our shorelines from rising seas and storms.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•”์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตด๊ณผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
We depend on medicines that are found in marine animals to fight cancer
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์•”, ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:51
and other diseases.
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ํ•ด์–‘์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
And for many of us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:54
the diversity and beauty of the oceans is where we turn for recreation
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์—
02:59
and relaxation and our cultural heritage.
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์—ฌ๊ฐ€, ํœด์‹, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ™” ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
In order for us to continue to benefit from the abundance
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š”
03:05
that ocean life provides,
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ํ’์š”๋กœ์›€์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
03:07
the fish and coral and shrimp of today
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ, ์ƒˆ์šฐ๋Š”
03:09
have to be able to make fish and shrimp and coral for tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์ƒˆ์šฐ, ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
To do that, they have to have lots and lots of sex.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด, ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
And until recently,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€
03:20
we really didn't know how sex happened in the sea.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์„น์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
03:23
It's pretty hard to study.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
But thanks to new science and technology,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์—
03:28
we now know so much more than even just a few years ago,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ›จ ์”ฌ ๋” ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:31
and these new discoveries are showing two things.
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์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
First, sex in the sea is really funky.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์„น์Šค๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํŒŒ๊ฒฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Second, our actions are wreaking havoc on the sex lives of everything
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ƒˆ์šฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์–ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ์„
03:44
from shrimp to salmon.
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๋Œ€ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
I know. It can be hard to believe.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
So today, I'm going to share a few details about how animals do it in the deep,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜, ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
03:54
how we may be interrupting these intimate affairs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:58
and what we can do to change that.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
So, remember those sex-changing fish?
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:04
In many places in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
04:06
we have fishing rules that set a minimum catch size.
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์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํš ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Fishers are not allowed to target tiny fish.
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์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
This allows baby fish to grow and reproduce before they're caught.
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์ด๋กœ์จ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ์„œ ์žกํžˆ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
That's a good thing.
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
04:17
So fishers go after the biggest fish.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
But in parrotfish, for example, or any sex changer,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„๋Š˜๋”, ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ
04:24
targeting the biggest fish means that they're taking out all the males.
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ํฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:29
That makes it hard for a female fish
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์•”์ปท ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ
04:31
to find a mate
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์ง์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:33
or it forces her to change sex sooner
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๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
at a smaller size.
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๋” ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:39
Both of these things can result in fewer fish babies in the future.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
In order for us to properly care for these species,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
04:46
we have to know if they change sex,
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
how and when.
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04:50
Only then can we create rules that can support these sexual strategies,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ์„ฑ์ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:54
such as setting a maximum size limit in addition to a minimum one.
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์ตœ์†Œํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ œํ•œ๋„ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด์š”.
04:58
The challenge isn't that we can't think of these sex-friendly solutions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ ์นœํ™”์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
The challenge is knowing which solutions to apply to which species,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…์— ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ ์šฉํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
because even animals we know really well
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ
05:09
surprise us when it comes to their sex lives.
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์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:12
Take Maine lobster.
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๋ฉ”์ธ ๋ž์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
05:15
They don't look that romantic,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:17
or that kinky.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํƒœ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
They are both.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์˜ˆ์š”.
05:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:23
During mating season,
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋™์•ˆ
05:24
female lobsters want to mate with the biggest, baddest males,
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์•”์ปท ๋ž์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์œ ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ด์š”.
05:28
but these guys are really aggressive,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ณ 
05:30
and they'll attack any lobster that approaches, male or female.
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์—ฌ์ž๋“  ๋‚จ์ž๋“  ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ž์Šคํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Meanwhile, the best time for her to mate with the male
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์•”์ปท์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€
05:38
is right after she's molted,
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์•”์ปท์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฒ—์€ ์งํ›„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:40
when she's lost her hard shell.
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์•”์ปท์ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๊ป์งˆ์„ ๋ฒ—์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์š”.
05:42
So she has to approach this aggressive guy in her most vulnerable state.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ปท์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:47
What's a girl to do?
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์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:50
Her answer?
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€?
05:52
Spray him in the face repeatedly with her urine.
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์ˆ˜์ปท ์–ผ๊ตด์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:59
Under the sea, pee is a very powerful love potion.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ณ€์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ๋ฌ˜์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Conveniently, lobsters' bladders sit just above their brains,
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ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ž์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:09
and they have two nozzles under their eye stalks
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๋ˆˆ์ž๋ฃจ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:12
with which they can shoot their urine forward.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:15
So the female approaches the male's den
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•”์ปท์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ๊ตด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ณ 
06:18
and as he charges out she lets loose a stream of urine
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์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๋Œ๊ฒฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์•”์ปท์€ ์†Œ๋ณ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋Š์Šจํžˆ ํ•œ ํ›„
06:21
and then gets the hell out of there.
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๋ƒ…๋‹ค ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:24
Only a few days of this daily dosing
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๋ฉฐ์น ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ ์†Œ๋ณ€์„ ์˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:27
is all it takes for her scent to have a transformative effect.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
The male turns from an aggressive to a gentle lover.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ƒฅํ•œ ์—ฐ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
By the week's end, he invites her into his den.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ง์ฏค ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตด์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
After that, the sex is easy.
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”.
06:45
So how are we interrupting this kind of kinky courtship?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํƒœ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
06:51
Well, the female's urine carries a critical chemical signal
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์•”์ปท์˜ ์†Œ๋ณ€์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:55
that works because it can pass through seawater
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ฃ .
06:58
and lobsters have a smell receptor
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๋ž์Šคํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
that can detect and receive the message.
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๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:03
Climate change is making our oceans more acidic.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์‚ฐ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
It's the result of too much carbon dioxide entering seawater.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•ด์ˆ˜์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
This changing chemistry could scramble that message,
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:14
or it could damage the lobsters' smell receptors.
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๋ž์Šคํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:17
Pollution from land can have similar impacts.
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ํ† ์ง€์˜ค์—ผ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Just imagine the consequence for that female
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์˜ ๋ฌ˜์•ฝ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด
07:23
if her love potion should fail.
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๊ทธ ์•”์ปท์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:26
These are the kinds of subtle but significant impacts we're having
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ์—
07:30
on the love lives of these marine life.
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๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด์ฃ .
07:32
And this is a species we know well:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
lobsters live near shore in the shallows.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€์žฌ๋Š” ์–•์€ ํ•ด์•ˆ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด์•„์š”.
07:37
Dive deeper, and sex gets even stranger.
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๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„น์Šค๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Fanfin anglerfish live at about 3,000 feet below the surface
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๋ถ€์ฑ„์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ ์•„๊ท€๋Š” ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ 3,000ํ”ผํŠธ ์•„๋ž˜์—
07:47
in the pitch-black waters,
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์น ํ™๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฌผ ์†์— ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
and the males are born without the ability to feed themselves.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์—†์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
To survive, he has to find a female fast.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด, ์•”์ปท์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Meanwhile, the female,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ์•”์ปท์€
08:01
who is 10 times bigger than the male,
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์ˆ˜์ปท๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ด ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์•”์ปท์€์š”.
08:04
10 times,
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์—ด ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜์š”.
08:05
she lets out a very strong pheromone with which to attract mates to her.
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์ง์„ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ชฌ์„ ๋ฟœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
So this tiny male is swimming through the black waters
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ํ—ค์—„์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
smelling his way to a female,
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์•”์ปท์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์œผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
08:15
and when he finds her,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•”์ปท์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๋•Œ
08:16
he gives her a love bite.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์Šค๋งˆํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
And this is when things get really weird.
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์ด๋•Œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
That love bite triggers a chemical reaction
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๊ทธ ํ‚ค์Šค๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
08:25
whereby his jawbone starts to disintegrate.
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ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
His face melts into her flesh,
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์–ผ๊ตด์€ ์•”์ปท์˜ ์‚ด์— ๋…น๊ณ 
08:32
and their two bodies start to fuse.
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๋‘ ๋ชธ์€ ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Their circulatory systems intwine,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋’ค์—‰ํ‚ค๊ณ 
08:38
and all his internal organs start to dissolve
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋…น๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
except for his testes.
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๊ณ ํ™˜์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
08:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:49
His testes mature just fine and start producing sperm.
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๊ณ ํ™˜์€ ์ž˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
In the end, he's basically a permanently attached
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ
08:57
on-demand sperm factory for the female.
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์•”์ปท์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ˜• ์ •์ž ๊ณต์žฅ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
08:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:02
It's a very efficient system,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:05
but this is not the kind of mating strategy
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š”
09:08
that we see on a farm, right?
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
I mean, this is weird.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์ด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ์ดํ•ด์š”.
09:11
It's really strange.
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์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
09:12
But if we don't know that these kinds of strategies exist
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:15
or how they work,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:17
we can't know what kind of impacts we may be having, even in the deep sea.
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์‹ฌํ•ด์—๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
Just three years ago,
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 3๋…„ ์ „๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
09:23
we discovered a new species of deep sea octopus
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ•ด ๋ฌธ์–ด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
where the females lay their eggs on sponges attached to rocks
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์•”์ปท์ด ๋ฐ”์œ„์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€์— ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๋Š” ์ข…์ด์ฃ .
09:30
that are over two and a half miles deep.
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2๋งˆ์ผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”์œ„์—์š”.
09:33
These rocks contain rare earth minerals,
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์ด ๋ฐ”์œ„๋Š” ํฌํ† ๋ฅ˜ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:36
and right now there are companies that are building bulldozers
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:39
that would be capable of mining the deep sea floor for those rocks.
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๋ถˆ๋„์ €๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:43
But the bulldozers would scrape up all the sponges
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ๋„์ €๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๊ธ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:47
and all the eggs with them.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์•Œ๋„์š”.
09:50
Knowingly, and in many cases unknowingly,
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๊ณ ์˜๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:54
we are preventing successful sex and reproduction in the deep.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์„น์Šค์™€ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:58
And let's be honest,
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:59
dating and mating is hard enough without somebody coming in
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๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์™€ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ ์ž๊พธ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„
10:02
and interrupting all the time, right?
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์–ด๋ ต์ž–์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
10:04
I mean, we know this.
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:06
So today, while I hope you will leave here
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์„น์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ˆ ์ง‘์šฉ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
10:09
with some excellent bar trivia on fish sex --
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„,
10:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:15
I also ask that you remember this:
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
we are all far more intimately connected with the oceans than we realize,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ด๋“ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:24
no matter where we live.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
And this level of intimacy
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•จ์€
10:29
requires a new kind of relationship with the ocean,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
one that recognizes and respects the enormous diversity of life
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์‚ถ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์„
10:38
and its limitations.
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์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์ง€์š”.
10:41
We can no longer think of the oceans
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ €๊ธฐ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
as just something out there,
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10:45
because every day we depend on them for our food security,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต,
10:49
our own health and wellness,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
10:51
and every other breath we take.
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๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:55
But it is a two-way relationship,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
and the oceans can only continue to provide for us
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์„น์Šค์™€ ๋ฒˆ์‹๊ฐ™์€
11:00
if we in turn safeguard that fundamental force of life in the sea:
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ
11:05
sex and reproduction.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
So, like any relationship, we have to embrace some change
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:11
for the partnership to work.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
The next time you're thinking about having seafood,
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์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์Œ์‹์„ ๋“œ์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ,
11:17
look for sustainably caught or farmed species
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žก๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘์‹์ข…,
11:20
that are local and low on the food chain.
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์ง€์—ญํ’ˆ ๋ฐ ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
11:23
These are animals like oysters, clams, mussels,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ตด, ์กฐ๊ฐœ, ํ™ํ•ฉ,
11:26
small fish like mackerel.
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๊ณ ๋“ฑ์–ด๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
These all reproduce like crazy,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
and with good management, they can handle a bit of fishing pressure.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ดํš ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
We can also rethink what we use to wash our bodies,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชธ์„ ์”ป๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
11:37
clean our homes
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์ง‘ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
11:39
and care for our lawns.
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์ž”๋””๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
All of those chemicals eventually wash out to sea
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๊ทธ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์— ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ์”ป๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
11:44
and disrupt the natural chemistry
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ต๊ฐ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
of the ocean.
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11:48
Industry also has to play its part
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์‚ฐ์—…๋„ ์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:50
and take a precautionary approach,
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์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:52
protecting sexual activity where we know it exists
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑํ–‰์œ„์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ 
11:55
and preventing harm in the cases where we just don't yet know enough,
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์‹ฌํ•ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
11:59
like the deep sea.
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ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:02
And in the communities where we live,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ,
12:04
the places we work
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ,
12:06
and the country in which we vote,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
12:08
we must take bold action on climate change now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
(Audience: Yeah!)
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(์ฒญ์ค‘: ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!)
12:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:18
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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