The age-old sharing economies of Africa -- and why we should scale them | Robert Neuwirth

48,681 views

2018-06-07 ・ TED


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The age-old sharing economies of Africa -- and why we should scale them | Robert Neuwirth

48,681 views ・ 2018-06-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JiWon Yoon κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So what I'm doing
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 일은
00:15
is a thought experiment.
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μ‚¬κ³ μ‹€ν—˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Now you may know of or have read
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ“΄ 책을 μ½κ±°λ‚˜ λ“€μ–΄λ³Έ 적이 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
this book by this guy.
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00:24
It's probably the first and maybe the only bestseller
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이 책이 κ²½μ œν•™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 쓰여진 졜초의 그리고
00:27
ever written about economics.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μœ μΌν•œ λ² μŠ€νŠΈμ…€λŸ¬μΌ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
And you probably know a bit about what it says.
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그리고 무슨 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ‹€λ£¨λŠ”μ§€λ„ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ .
00:33
It talks about how nations all over the world will prosper
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이 책은 개인의 이읡을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ „ 세계ꡭ가듀이
00:39
through the individual pursuit of individual profit.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ²ˆμ˜ν•  것에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Individual profit will be the mechanism for the prosperity of the world.
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개인의 이읡이 세계 λ²ˆμ˜μ„ μœ„ν•œ 도ꡬ가 될 것이라 ν•˜μ£ .
00:49
But the funny thing about Adam Smith
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•„λ‹΄ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 웃긴 것이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
00:52
is that he was a stay-at-home kind of guy.
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그것은 κ·Έκ°€ μ§‘μ—λ§Œ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
He actually never went further from Edinburgh
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κ·ΈλŠ” 사싀 μ—λ”˜λ²„κ·Έμ—μ„œ
00:58
than France and Switzerland.
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€ λ˜λŠ” μŠ€μœ„μŠ€κΉŒμ§€ 밖에 가지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
So my thought experiment is to imagine
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €μ˜ μ‚¬κ³ μ‹€ν—˜μ€ λ§Œμ•½ μ•„λ‹΄ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€κ°€ 아프리카에 κ°”λ‹€λ©΄
01:05
what would have happened if Adam Smith had visited Africa.
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무슨 일이 일어났을지 μƒμƒν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And fortunately, there's actually an easy answer,
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그리고 운 μ’‹κ²Œλ„, μ‰¬μš΄ 닡이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
because the Arab lawyer and traveler Ibn Battuta
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ•„λž λ³€ν˜Έμ‚¬μ΄μž μ—¬ν–‰μž, 이븐 λ°”νˆ¬νƒ€κ°€
01:21
traveled down the east coast of Africa in the 14th century,
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14세기에 아프리카 동뢀 ν•΄μ•ˆμ„ μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
01:26
and what he found when he got to Mogadishu was a market,
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κ·Έκ°€ λͺ¨κ°€λ””μŠˆμ— κ°€μ„œ 찾은 것은 μ‹œμž₯μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
and he wrote about it.
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그리고 그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
And basically, merchant ships came to the harbor,
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상선듀이 항ꡬ에 μ™”κ³ 
01:34
and they weren't even allowed to land.
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그리고 κ·Έ 상선듀은 심지어 상λ₯™λ„ ν—ˆλ½λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
They had to drop anchor in the harbor,
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항ꡬ에 닻을 λ‚΄λ Έκ³ 
01:38
and boats came out to them,
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배듀이 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ‹€κ°€κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
and locals picked them and said, "You are my guest, I am now your broker."
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지역 주민듀은 그듀을 κ³ λ₯Έ ν›„ λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
"당신은 λ‚΄ μ†λ‹˜μ΄κ³ , λ‚˜λŠ” 이제 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λΈŒλ‘œμ»€μš”."
01:45
And they had to do business through the local broker,
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그듀은 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 지역 브둜컀λ₯Ό 톡해 사업을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
and if they went around that and didn't do business through the broker,
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λ§Œμ•½ 브둜컀λ₯Ό 톡해 사업을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
01:53
they could go to court, and the deal would be canceled,
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법원에 갈 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, κ±°λž˜λŠ” μ·¨μ†Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
01:57
and they would be thrown out of town.
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그리고 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ μ«“κ²¨λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
And through this mechanism, everyone prospered.
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이 방법을 톡해, λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ²ˆμ˜ν•˜μ˜€μ£ .
02:03
And so if that was Adam Smith, he might look like this guy
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λ§Œμ•½ μ•„λ‹΄ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€μ˜€λ‹€λ©΄ 이런 ν‘œμ •μ„ ν•˜λ©° λ§ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
and say, "Ah! That's a mutual aid society.
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"μ•„! 그건 곡제 μ‘°ν•©μ΄μž–μ•„,
02:09
That's a share-the-wealth free market."
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그건 λΆ€λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„λŠ” μžμœ μ‹œμž₯이야."
02:12
And when I put this question to Christian [Benimana],
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 크리슀챀 (λ² λ‹ˆλ§ˆλ‚˜), 전에 이 λ¬΄λŒ€μ— μ„°λ˜
02:15
who had the stage at the beginning of this session,
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κ°•μ—°μžμ—κ²Œ λ˜μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ
02:18
he responded that if Adam Smith had come to Africa,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹΄ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€κ°€ 아프리카에 μ™”λ‹€λ©΄
02:21
there would have been a sharing economy long before Airbnb and Uber.
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에어비앀비와 μš°λ²„λ³΄λ‹€ μ˜€λž˜μ „λΆ€ν„° κ³΅μœ κ²½μ œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμ„ 것이라고 λ‹΅ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
And that's true.
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λ§žλŠ” λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
So if we put this to work today,
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이것을 ν˜„λŒ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ— 적용 μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λ©΄
02:31
it would be very interesting.
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μ•„μ£Ό ν₯미둜울 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
There would be a lot of money flowing into the countries.
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μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ€ 돈이 λ‚˜λΌ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ 흐λ₯΄κ² μ£ .
02:35
These are just figures of 10 percent of exports in these countries.
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이 μˆ«μžλ“€μ€ κ·Έμ € 이 λ‚˜λΌλ“€ 수좜의 10%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
So the interesting thing is that this mutual aid economy still exists,
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μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” 것은, 이 μƒν˜ΈλΆ€μ‘° κ²½μ œκ°€ ν˜„μž¬ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  있으며
02:47
and we can find examples of it in the strangest places.
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κ·Έ μ˜ˆλ“€μ„ μ•„μ£Ό μ΄μƒν•œ κ³³λ“€μ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
So, this is Alaba International Market.
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μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μ•ŒλΌλ°” κ΅­μ œμ‹œμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
It's the largest electronics market in West Africa.
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이곳은 μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 제일 큰 μ „μžμ œν’ˆ μ‹œμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
It's 10,000 merchants,
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10,000λͺ…μ˜ μƒμΈλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
they do about four billion dollars of turnover every year.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 1λ…„ λ§€μΆœλŸ‰μ€ λŒ€λž΅ 4μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬ 정도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
And they say they are ardent apostles of Adam Smith:
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그리고 그듀은 μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ μ•„λ‹΄ 슀미슀의 μ—΄λ ¬ν•œ 사도듀이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
competition is great, we're all in it individually,
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κ²½μŸμ€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜μ£ , λͺ¨λ‘ 개인적으둜 κ²½μŸν•˜λ©°
03:08
government doesn't help us.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ 도움을 주지도 μ•Šμ£ .
03:10
But the interesting reality is that when I asked further,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν₯미둜운 ν˜„μ‹€μ€ μ œκ°€ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ λ¬Όμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:14
that's not what grew the market at all.
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μ‹œμž₯을 ν‚€μš΄ 것은 그것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
There's a behind-the-scenes principle
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이 μ‹œμž₯을 클 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ”
03:20
that enables this market to grow.
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μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ 법칙이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
And they do claim -- you know, this is an interesting juxtaposition
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그리고 그듀은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
of the King James Bible and "How To Sell Yourself."
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μ œμž„μŠ€ ν‚Ή μ„±κ²½κ³Ό "μžμ‹ μ„ νŒŒλŠ” 방법"의 ν₯미둜운 λ³‘λ ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
That's what they say is their message.
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이것이 그듀이 μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” λ°”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
But in reality, this market is governed by a sharing principle.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μ‹€ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œλŠ”, 이 μ‹œμž₯은 곡유 원칙에 μ§€λ°°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Every merchant, when you ask them, "How did you get started in global trade?"
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λͺ¨λ“  μƒμΈμ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 세계 무역을 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλƒκ³  물으면
03:44
they say, "Well, when my master settled me."
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그듀은 λ‹΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, "음, 제 λ§ˆμŠ€ν„°κ°€ 이 자리λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„μ€¬μ„ λ•Œμš”."
03:48
And when I finally got it into my head to ask, "What is this 'settling?'"
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μ œκ°€ 이 '자리λ₯Ό μž‘μ•„μ€€λ‹€'λΌλŠ” 것에 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬ κ°–κ³  더 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
it turns out that when you've done your apprenticeship
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ κ³ μš©μ£Όμ™€μ˜
03:55
with someone you work for,
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견슡 기간을 λ§ˆμΉœλ‹€λ©΄
03:56
they are required -- required -- to set you up in business.
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그듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•ˆμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ 일할 수 있게 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
That means paying your rent for two or three years
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μ΄κ²ƒμ—λŠ” 2-3λ…„μ˜ μž„μ°¨λ£Œμ™€
04:03
and giving you a cash infusion
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μžκΈˆνˆ¬μž…μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” 것도 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ£ .
04:05
so you can go out in the world and start trading.
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μ„Έκ³„λ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 무역을 μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 있게 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
That's locally generated venture capital. Right?
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이것은 μ§€μ—­μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•œ 벀쳐 μžλ³Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
04:12
And I can say with almost certainty
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 거의 ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
that the Igbo apprenticeship system that governs Alaba International Market
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μ•ŒλΌλ°” ꡭ제 μ‹œμž₯을 μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ” 이그보 견슡 μ œλ„λŠ”
04:20
is the largest business incubator platform in the world.
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지ꡬ상 μ΅œλŒ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜ κΈ°μ—… 인큐베이터 ν”Œλž«νΌμ΄λΌκ³ μš”.
04:26
And there are other sharing economies that we look for --
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°ΎλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 곡유 κ²½μ œλ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
merry-go-rounds, which are found in almost every shantytown.
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  νŒμžμ΄Œμ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜λŠ” νšŒμ „ λͺ©λ§ˆλ“€μ΄μ£ .
04:33
They have different names in other cultures; this is the Kenyan name.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έν™”κΆŒμ—λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 이름이 μžˆλŠ”λ° 이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 케냐 μ΄λ¦„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
It's a way of generating cash.
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ν˜„κΈˆμ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
It's a kitty -- people throw money into a pot once a week,
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고양이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 일주일에 ν•œλ²ˆ, 냄비에 λˆμ„ λ˜μ§€κ³ 
04:41
and once a week, one member of the group gets the money,
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그리고 일주일에 ν•œλ²ˆ, 그룹의 ꡬ성원 쀑 ν•œλͺ…은
04:44
and they can spend it on whatever they need to.
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κ·Έ λˆμ„ ν•„μš”ν•œ 만큼, ν•„μš”ν•œ 곳에 μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
And there's also something called "acequias,"
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'μ•„μ„Έν‚€μ•„μŠ€'λΌλŠ” 것도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
and that is a Spanish word, but it comes from the North African Arabic;
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λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ–΄μ§€λ§Œ, 이것은 뢁아프리카 μ•„λžμ–΄μ—μ„œ 온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
"saqiya" means "water wheel."
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"사킀야"λŠ” "λ¬Όλ ˆλ°”ν€΄"λ₯Ό λœ»ν•˜μ£ .
04:55
And what the acequia is is a sharing system for scarce water.
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이 'μ•„μ„Έν‚€μ•„μŠ€'λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 물을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
It's migrated from North Africa to Spain,
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ 뢁 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 슀페인으둜
05:03
and from Spain to the west of the United States,
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그리고 μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ—μ„œ λ―Έκ΅­ μ„œλΆ€λ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
where it still is used.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  있죠.
05:07
And it shares water by need
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그리고 이것은 λˆ„κ°€ 먼저왔냐가 μ•„λ‹Œ
05:11
rather than by who was there first.
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λˆ„κ°€ 물이 더 ν•„μš”ν•œκ°€λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 물을 λ°°λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
And contrary, with all due respect, to what Llew [Claasen] said
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  쑴경심과 ν•¨κ»˜
05:19
when he talked about blockchains and cryptocurrencies yesterday,
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루가 μ–΄μ œ 블둝 체인과 μ•”ν˜Έν™”μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ
05:23
there is no tragedy of the commons.
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κ³΅μœ μ§€μ˜ 비극은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
People in acequias have been commonly managing scarce water resources
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μ•„μ„Έν‚€μ•„μŠ€μ— μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‘œμ„œ
05:31
for hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of years.
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수백 λ…„ κ°„ ν¬μ†Œν•œ μˆ˜μžμ›μ„ 관리해 μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
So taking this thought experiment, I wanted to go a little bit further
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 μ’€ 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ„œ
05:41
and suggest that these things are managed communally,
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κ³΅λ™μœΌλ‘œ κ΄€λ¦¬λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 이런 것듀이
λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 자본, λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ ν˜„κΈˆ
05:48
and they are taking care of scarce capital, scarce cash
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그리고 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μžμ›λ“€μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
and scarce resources.
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05:57
And it seems to me that we have actually two kinds of capitalism.
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λ˜ν•œ μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 두 가지 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 자본주의λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
We have the capitalism of the top up.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 졜고의 자본주의λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
And these are really interesting statistics,
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그리고 이 톡계듀은 μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λ―Έλ‘­μ£ .
06:09
because three one-thousandths of one percent of the Nigerian population
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ‚˜μ΄μ§€λ¦¬μ•„ 인ꡬ의 1%의 1000λΆ„μ˜ 3이
06:15
controls wealth equal to one-fourth of the GDP of the country.
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κ΅­κ°€ GDP의 4λΆ„μ˜ 1에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” λΆ€λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
One one-hundredth of one percent of the Kenyan population
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케냐 인ꡬ의 1%의 100λΆ„μ˜ 1이
06:25
controls wealth equal to 75 percent of the GDP of the country.
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κ·Έ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ GDP의 75%에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” λΆ€λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
That's the capitalism of top up.
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그것이 λ°”λ‘œ 졜고의 μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
And everyone else is with this guy,
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ 이 λ‚¨μžμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 있죠.
06:37
selling board games and bodybuilding equipment
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λ³΄λ“œ κ²Œμž„κ³Ό μš΄λ™κΈ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό
06:40
in a go-slow on the highway in Lagos.
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라고슀의 고속 λ„λ‘œ μœ„μ— νŒ”λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
06:43
And when you're selling board games and bodybuilding equipment in a go-slow,
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λ³΄λ“œκ²Œμž„κ³Ό μš΄λ™κΈ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό 고속 λ„λ‘œμ—μ„œ νŒ” λ•Œλ©΄
06:47
that traffic jam is really, really, really bad, right?
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ꡐ톡체증이 λ„ˆλ¬΄, λ„ˆλ¬΄, λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ‹¬κ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
06:51
Those of us in this sphere of the economy
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경제의 이 μ˜μ—­μ— μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
06:54
are caught in what I call "the capitalism of decay,"
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μ œκ°€ λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”, 'μ‡ ν‡΄μ˜ 자본주의'에 κ°‡ν˜€μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
because there's no way to rise up and get out of it,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 κ·Έ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
because they're lacking the resources that we talked about
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œ 곡유 κ²½μ œμ—μ„œμ˜ μžμ›μ΄
07:05
in those sharing economies.
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λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
07:06
And they're tripped up
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그듀은 카사바와 자본주의 논리에
07:08
by the thesis of cassava and capitalism,
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였λ₯˜μ— λΉ μ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
that cassava has to be processed in order not to be poisonous,
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μΉ΄μ‚¬λ°”μ˜ 독성을 μ—†μ• κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ°€κ³΅λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ“―μ΄
07:18
and I would argue that, similarly,
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” μ‹œμž₯ 경제 μ—­μ‹œ
07:21
the market economy needs to be processed in order to be fair to everyone.
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λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ 곡평해 지렀면 λ²ˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
So we have to look at what I call the "bottom down economy."
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'λ°‘λ°”λ‹₯ 자본주의'λ₯Ό λ΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
These are these sharing models that exist out there
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이것듀은 널리 μ „νŒŒλ˜κ³ , μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³ 
07:37
that need to be propagated and used and scaled.
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ν™•μž₯λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 곡유 λͺ¨λΈλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
OK?
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μ•Œκ² μ£ ?
07:42
And if we propagate these things,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이런 것듀을 μ „νŒŒν•œλ‹€λ©΄
07:45
we can begin to bring infrastructure to everyone,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 기반 μ‹œμ„€μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•  수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
and that will ensure that communities
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그리고 그것듀은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 곡동체가
07:51
are leading their own development,
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슀슀둜 λ°œμ „ν•  수 있게 ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
which is, I believe, what we need in the world,
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그리고 제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ”, 이것이 λ°”λ‘œ 세상에
07:58
and, I would suggest, what we need in Africa.
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그리고 아프리카에 ν•„μš”ν•œ 것이죠.
08:01
I wanted to quote Steve Biko,
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μ €λŠ” μŠ€ν‹°λΈŒ λΉ„μ½”μ˜ 말을 μΈμš©ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
and I thought it was really important to quote Steve Biko,
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μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
08:08
because next month, September 12 to be exact,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒ 달, μ •ν™•νžˆ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ 9μ›” 12일이
08:12
is the 40th anniversary of his murder by the South African state.
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남 아프리카 ꡭ가에 μ˜ν•œ 그의 죽음의 40주년이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
And you can read the quote.
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이게 κ·Έκ°€ 남긴 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
He basically said that we're not here to compete.
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, κ·ΈλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ²½μŸν•˜λŸ¬ μ—¬κΈ°μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
And I love this quote: "... to make us a community of brothers and sisters
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μ €λŠ” 이 뢀뢄을 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ£ .
"...우리λ₯Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μΈμƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ
08:28
jointly involved in the quest for a composite answer
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쒅합적인 해닡을 μ°ΎλŠ”λ° ν•¨κ»˜
08:31
to the varied problems of life."
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μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” ν˜•μ œ 자맀의 κ³΅λ™μ²΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ‹€."
08:33
And he also said that "the great powers of the world
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"μ„Έκ³„μ˜ κ°•λŒ€κ΅­λ“€μ€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ‚°μ—…κ³Ό ꡰ사적인 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„
08:37
have done wonders in giving us an industrial and military look, ..."
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μ£ΌλŠ”λ° λ†€λΌμšΈ 일듀을 ν•΄μ™”λ‹€ ..." 라고 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
and we don't have to copy that military-industrialist complex,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΅°μ‚°μ—…μ˜ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 것듀을 λͺ¨λ°©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
because Africa can do things differently
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” 인λ₯˜μ˜ 인간성을 λ˜μ°Ύμ„ 수 μžˆλŠ”
08:47
and restore the humanity of the world.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλ„ ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:51
And so what I want to suggest here
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 λ°”λŠ”
08:55
is that we have an opportunity,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
that we are all here in the mutual landscape
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 풍경 속에
09:02
to be able to do things,
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€λ₯Ό ν•  수 있으며
09:05
and that the journey starts now.
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κ·Έ 여정은 μ§€κΈˆ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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