Karoli Hindriks: Why the passport needs an upgrade | TED

48,219 views ・ 2022-01-20

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: riddler edward κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
μ €λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„μ—νŠΈ 연방이 μ λ Ήμ€‘μ΄λ˜ μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ μžλžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
철의 μž₯λ§‰μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‘κΊΌμš΄ λ²½ 뒀에 κ°‡νžŒ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œμš”.
00:13
I grew up in Estonia under Soviet occupation.
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λΉ΅, 양말, μ†μ˜· λ“± λͺ¨λ“  것이 μ‚¬μΉ˜μ˜€λ˜ κ·Έ μ‹œμ ˆμ—λŠ”
00:17
In a country locked up behind the thick wall of the Iron Curtain.
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λ°”κΉ₯ 세상에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„  상상쑰차 ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Back then, where everything,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό
μ–΄λ–€ 벽은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 두껍고 ν…Œλ‘λ¦¬λ„ 꽉 λ§‰ν˜€μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
00:23
including bread, socks and underwear was a luxury,
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00:26
I did not dream about the open world.
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꿈과 아이디어쑰차도 이 벽을 톡과할 수 없을 μ •λ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Because you see,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그런 μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λ‹€ λ³΄λ‹ˆ
00:31
some walls are so thick and borders so closed,
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κ΅­κ²½μ„ μ΄λ‚˜ κ΅­κ°€κ°„μ˜ 이동이
00:35
that even dreams and ideas can't travel.
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μ™œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 꽉 λ§‰ν˜€μžˆλŠ”μ§€ κΆκΈˆν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
However, having lived in that level of darkness made me wonder
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μ„Έκ³„κ²½μ œν¬λŸΌμ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
인적 자본이 경제 μ„±μž₯의 원동λ ₯이라 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
why are borders and movement between countries
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00:45
constructed the way they are.
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그러면 κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ λͺ¨λΉŒλ¦¬ν‹°μ— λŒ€ν•œ μž₯벽이 μ™œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ†’μ„κΉŒμš”?
00:48
According to the World Economic Forum,
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00:50
human capital is the driving force for economic growth.
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μ™œ 이런 μ ˆμ°¨μ— λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ†ŒλΉ„ν• κΉŒμš”
무섭고 λ²…μ°¨κ³  λ‘λ €μš΄ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:54
So why are the barriers to global mobility so high?
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이게 λ¬΄μ„­λ‹€λŠ” 건 저도 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
Why is the process so time-consuming,
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저도 μƒŒν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€μ½” 곡항에 두 μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κ°‡ν˜€ μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
01:01
so dreadful and daunting, so very scary?
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단지 이 λ¬΄λŒ€μ— 였λ₯΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
01:06
And I know it’s scary,
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ꡭ경을 λ„˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 이동은 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 어렡지 μ•Šμ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 생각은
01:07
because I was detained at San Francisco airport for two hours
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01:10
just to get on the stage.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μΆœμƒμ§€μ™€ 상관없이 κ°ˆλ“±κ³Ό ꡭ경이 μ—†λŠ” 이동이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ
01:14
It was the idea
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01:15
that the cross-border movement of people shouldn't be so difficult
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λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜κ°μ„ 뢈러 μΌμœΌμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ꡭ경을 자유둭게 λ„˜λ‚˜λ“œλŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
01:19
that sparked my inspiration for a future of frictionless,
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만λŠ₯ 디지털 IDλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
borderless mobility for all,
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 데이터λ₯Ό μ €μž₯해놓고
01:24
regardless where they are born.
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λ§ˆμ°°μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 곳으둜 μ›ν™œν•˜κ²Œ 이동할 수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
We are building a universal digital identity
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01:30
for cross-border movement.
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이건 κ²°κ΅­ κ³ λ„λ‘œ μˆ™λ ¨λœ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λΆ€ν„° μ•ˆμ „μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‚œλ―ΌκΉŒμ§€ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ „λΆ€κ°€
01:32
One where people own their data
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01:34
and can seamlessly relocate anywhere they want
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01:37
with minimal friction.
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쒅이 ν•œ μž₯도 μΈμ‡„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  개인이 혼자 이민 절차λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
01:39
One which would eventually allow individuals,
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κ·Έ 과정을 μΆ”μ ν•˜λ©° μŠΉμΈκΉŒμ§€ 받을 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
from highly-skilled professionals to refugees seeking safety,
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01:46
to start, track and get approval for their immigration process
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜Όμžκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ „ 세계 κΈ°μ—…λ“€κ³Ό κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 이민 과정을 κ°„νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:50
without having to print out a single piece of paper.
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이 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
And we are not alone.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ꡭ경을 λ„˜μ–΄ 기회λ₯Ό ν™•μž₯μ‹œν‚€κ³  있으며
01:56
Companies and countries around the world have started to leverage technology
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01:59
in order to ease the complexity of immigration.
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 더 λΆ€μœ ν•œ 세상을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄κ°€λŠ” κ±Έ 돕고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
By doing so, we are expanding opportunities across borders
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2017λ…„, EconomistλŠ” ν•œ κ°€μ§€μ˜ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ κ·œμΉ™μ΄
02:07
and through that, helping to build a richer world.
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세상을 2배둜 λΆ€μœ ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 것이라고 μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
In 2017, the Economist magazine stated there's one seemingly simple policy
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κ΅­κ²½ κ°œλ°©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ κ°œλ°œμ„Όν„°μ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μžμΈ
마이클 ν΄λ ˆλ©˜μŠ€λ„ λ™μ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”λ°
02:16
that would make the world twice as rich as it is.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이민 μ ˆμ°¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ μž₯벽이 인λ₯˜κ°€ ν˜„μž¬ λˆ„λ¦¬κ³  μžˆλŠ” 볡지와
02:19
Open borders.
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02:21
Economist Michael Clemens
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잠재적으둜 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 볡지 사이λ₯Ό 막고 μžˆλŠ”
02:22
from the Center of Global Development seems to agree
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02:25
as he claims that barriers to immigration place one of the fattest of all wedges
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κ°€μž₯ 큰 μž₯벽이라고 μ£Όμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그런데 κ·Έκ±° μ•„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬κΆŒμ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
between humankind's current welfare
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졜초둜 μ‚¬μš©λœ 건
02:33
and potential welfare.
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1μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „ λ•Œ ꡭ제 여행을 μœ„ν•΄μ„  ν•„μˆ˜μ˜€λ˜ μ„œλ₯˜μ˜€κ³ 
02:36
But you know what?
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02:37
The problem starts from what we call a passport,
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헨리 ν¬λ“œκ°€ 졜초둜 μ €λ ΄ν•œ μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“  ν›„ μ–Όλ§ˆ μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
which was first introduced
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02:41
as a globally required travel document during World War I,
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ“°κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ°¨λŠ” 였랜 역사λ₯Ό κ±°μ³μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν¬λ“œ λͺ¨λΈ Tμ—μ„œ ν…ŒμŠ¬λΌκΉŒμ§€μš”.
02:45
slightly after Henry Ford introduced the first affordable automobiles.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ—¬κΆŒμ€ 1μ„ΈκΈ° 전에 μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:50
Today, our cars have come a long way.
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02:53
We have come from model Ts to Teslas.
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κΈ°μˆ λ„ 뒀떨어지고
μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ—¬κΆŒ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—λ„ 결함이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
But our passports look and work pretty much the same way as a century ago.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ μ—¬κΆŒμ€ 1μ°¨ 세계 λŒ€μ „ 이후에 μ„€λ¦½λœ
03:03
Besides the lack of technology,
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03:04
there was also a flaw in the way the passport system was built.
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μ„œμ–‘ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ 기관이 λ§Œλ“  λ¬Όκ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ—¬κΆŒμ€ 주둜 μ„œμ–‘κΆŒ κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ, ν˜œνƒμ„ λ°›λŠ” 이듀에겐
03:09
The modern passport was designed by a Western-centric organization
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자유의 상징이 λ˜μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:12
after the First World War.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀에겐 짐이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
It became an object of freedom for the advantaged,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μ—¬κΆŒμ€
μ„œμ–‘ κ²½μ œμ—λ„ 더 이상 도움이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ‹€λŠ” 것이 μ•„μ΄λŸ¬λ‹ˆν•œλ°
03:20
mostly Western countries,
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03:22
but a burden for others.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” 쒋은 μ—¬κΆŒμ΄
03:25
The irony is that today
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 쒋은 ꡐ윑 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ„œμ–‘ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ™”μœΌλ©°
03:26
the passport doesn't even help those same Western economies anymore,
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쒋은 κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ°°μ› λ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:30
because you see, when in the past a good passport could indicate
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2020년에 μ—΄λ¦° 세계 경제 ν¬λŸΌμ—μ„œλŠ”
03:34
a person coming from a Western country with a good education system
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κ³ λ“± κ΅μœ‘μ„ 받은 이주민듀을
κ°€μž₯ 많이 λ°°μΆœν•œ κ΅­κ°€κ°€
03:37
and thus useful skills,
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인도, 쀑ꡭ, 필리핀이라고 λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
then in 2020, the World Economic Forum reported
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03:43
that the top three countries
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이듀 κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 2021λ…„ λ°œν‘œλœ 헨리 μ—¬κΆŒ μ§€μˆ˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
03:44
where the highly educated migrants came from
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03:47
were India, China and Philippines.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 덜 μ—¬ν–‰-μΉœν™”μ μΈ μ—¬κΆŒμ„ 가진 κ΅­κ°€ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό 맀겼을 λ•Œ
03:51
Which, according to 2021 Henley Passport Index
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110개 κ΅­κ°€ 쀑에 각각 85λ“±, 70λ“±, 77등에 ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
ranked among the least travel-friendly passports in the world
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그러면 Ibtehalμ΄λΌλŠ” 맀우 유λŠ₯ν•œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ μ΅œκ·Όμ— κ²ͺ은
03:59
ranking respectively 85th,
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이주 κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
04:02
70th and 77th out of 110.
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μž…ν…Œν• μ€ 6μ‚΄ μ•„λ“€ μΌ€λ„Œκ³Ό 8μ‚΄ λ”Έ νƒ€λ§ˆλΌλ₯Ό ν‚€μš°κ³  있으며
04:06
So let's take a look at a recent relocation experience
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μžλ…€ μ–‘μœ‘κΆŒμ„ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” μ΄ν˜Όν•œ ν•œλΆ€λͺ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
by a highly skilled specialist called Ibtehal.
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04:13
Ibtehal is a divorced single mother with full custody rights for her kids,
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 예멘 μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμžλ‘œ
이 κ΅­κ°€λŠ” 2021λ…„ 헨리 μ—¬κΆŒ μ§€μˆ˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
04:18
six-year-old boy Kenan and an eight-year-old girl Tamara.
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110개 κ΅­κ°€ 쀑 106μœ„μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
All of them are Yemeni citizens,
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, μ—¬ν–‰-μΉœν™”μ μ΄μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ—¬κΆŒμ„ 가진 κ΅­κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
which, according to Henley Passport Index 2021,
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μž…ν…Œν• μ„ κ³ μš©ν•œ λ§λ ˆμ΄μ‹œμ•„μ˜ 기술 νšŒμ‚¬λŠ”
04:29
ranks 106 out of 110.
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그녀와 가쑱듀이 유럽 μ§€μ‚¬λ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
Again, one of the least travel-friendly passports in the world.
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μΆœμž…κ΅­ κ΄€λ¦¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λΉ„μžλŠ” μŠΉμΈν•΄μ€„ 수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜
04:36
The Malaysian tech company that employed Ibtehal
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μžλ…€λ“€μ€ λΉ„μžλ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œ 받지 λͺ»ν•  것이라고 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
wanted to transfer her and her family to their European office.
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λŒ€μ‹ μ— κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λΉ„μžλ₯Ό λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„  6천 마일 떨어진 λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μ—
04:43
The immigration authorities let her know that her visa would get approved,
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04:46
but her underage kids would not get their visas right away.
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혼자 와야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
그러고 λ‚˜μ„œ λ§λ ˆμ΄μ‹œμ•„λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€ 3κ°œμ›”μ„ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦° λ’€
04:50
Instead, she was required to travel 6,000 miles alone to the embassy
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그런 λ‹€μŒ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒ€μ‚¬κ΄€μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„μ™€
μžλ…€λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„μž μŠΉμΈμ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
to apply for her visa.
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이 과정듀을 λͺ¨λ‘ 끝내야 μ›ν•˜λŠ” 곳으둜 κ°€ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
Then travel back to Malaysia, wait for three months,
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05:00
then travel back again,
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05:01
this time with her kids to apply for their visas.
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이런 μ˜ˆμ‹œλ“€μ΄ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 사둀가 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
And only after that could they all go and live in the destination country.
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ν˜„μž¬ 이민을 ν•΄ λ³Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μ •ν™•νžˆ λ°˜μ˜ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
이게 λ°”λ‘œ μ œκ°€ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
Stories like this are not the exception.
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05:12
It is a pretty accurate reflection of the immigration experiences today,
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이건 ν•΄κ²° κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 문제인데
μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„κ°€ 혁λͺ…을 톡해
05:17
and this is exactly the kind of hideous problem that I want to solve.
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ°€λ‚œν•œ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ
개방된 민주주의 κ΅­κ°€λ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν–ˆμœΌλ©° 기술 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜μ™€ ν˜μ‹ μ˜ μƒμ§•μœΌλ‘œμ¨
05:22
And I know it can be solved
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05:23
because I have seen the Estonian society transform
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05:26
from one of the poorest countries in the world
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λ²ˆμ°½ν•΄λ‚˜κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
to an open and democratic one that not only functions but thrives
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„κ°€ 디지털화에 성곡할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:34
as a poster child for technology-driven governance and innovation.
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X-Road라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ μ§€μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이며
이게 디지털 μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
One of the keys to Estonia's success in digitalization was the focus
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이 ν”Œλž«νΌμ˜ 핡심은 κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œ 디지털 IDκ°€ 주어지며
05:43
to build one platform called the X-Road,
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이 IDλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ 곡곡 및 개인 데이터λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•  수 있고 μ‘°μž‘λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
the backbone of digital Estonia.
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05:50
The key to it is one digital identity for each individual
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” 결혼과 μ΄ν˜Όμ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜λ©΄
05:55
that allows public and private databases to link up and operate in harmony.
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λͺ¨λ“  것이 온라인으둜 κ°€λŠ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ„ΈκΈˆ 납뢀와 νˆ¬ν‘œλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  것듀이
06:01
Estonians can do everything online,
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 온라인으둜 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
06:04
other than get married or divorced.
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μΈμŠ€νƒ€κ·Έλž¨ 계정을 확인할 μ •λ„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ©΄ μΆ©λΆ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
Anything from doing taxes to voting in the elections
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λ””μ§€ν„Έν™”λŠ” 맀 달 μ—νŽ νƒ‘λ§ŒνΌ μŒ“μ—¬κ°€λ˜
06:11
is securely done online
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06:13
and takes about the same time as checking your Instagram account.
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쒅이 λ¬΄λ”κΈ°λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
The digitalization saves Estonia a stack of paper
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„ 졜고 정보 μ±…μž„μžμΈ
심 μ‹œμΏ νŠΈκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ
06:22
as high as the Eiffel Tower every month.
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디지털 μ„œλͺ…λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ
μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ˜ μ—° GDP 쀑 2%λ₯Ό μ•„λ‚„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
On top of that, according to Siim Sikkut,
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06:28
the chief information officer of Estonia,
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μ „ 세계 GDP의 2%λ©΄ μ•½ 1μ‘° 7천 μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
the digital signature alone
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06:33
enables Estonia to save two percent of its GDP every year.
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κ·Έ μ •λ„μ˜ 돈이면 μ „ 세계 κΈ°μ•„ 문제λ₯Ό ν•œ 번이 μ•„λ‹Œ
06:38
Two percent of GDP globally would be 1.7 trillion dollars.
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맀 λ…„ 56λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
With that amount of money, we could solve world hunger not once,
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곡곡 ꡬ역이 ν˜„μž¬ κΈ°μˆ μ— μ μ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄
μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 돈이 버렀지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
56 times every year.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ μ‚¬μš©κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ, 디지털 IDλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
06:53
That's a whole lot of money being wasted
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06:55
because public sectors are not adapting to existing technologies.
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이걸 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌλ©°
이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„  λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ΄ μ—¬κΆŒμ΄λ‚˜ 결혼 및 ꡐ윑 증λͺ…μ„œ 같은
07:00
We can tackle that by creating a secure,
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μ„œλ₯˜λ“€μ΄λ‚˜ 개인 정보듀을 λͺ¨λ‘ 우리의 슀마트 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—
07:04
universal digital identity
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μ—…λ‘œλ“œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°
07:05
where all the users need to do is upload their data and documents
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이 정보듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‘°κ°λ“€λ‘œ μͺΌκ°œμ Έ
μ—¬λŸ¬ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κ΄€λ ¨ 양식에 μž…λ ₯λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:09
such as passport, marriage and education certificates
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07:12
into our smart system,
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이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μž₯점은 1회 μž…λ ₯ κ·œμΉ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
which then converts that data into pieces
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μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό ν•œ 번 만 μ €μž₯ν•˜λ©΄ 되며
07:16
that can be matched to relevant government forms in different countries.
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이 λ°μ΄ν„°λŠ” λ―Έλž˜μ—λ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
The beauty of it is the once-only rule.
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μ—¬κΆŒμ€ 여행을 μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“  λ„κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
The user needs to add their data once
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07:26
as it is then stored for the future use.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 이 도ꡬλ₯Ό ν˜„λŒ€ν™”μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•  μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
The passport was created as a mechanism to move.
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λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 디지털 IDλ₯Ό
07:36
It is clearly time to modernize that mechanism.
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μ „ 세계 정뢀와 μ—°κ²°ν•  수 있게 되면
이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ 디지털 μ—¬κΆŒμ΄ 될 것이고
07:40
If we could now connect that same digital identity
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λ²„νŠΌ 클릭 ν•œ 번 만으둜
μž…κ΅­ μ‹ μ²­μ„œκ°€ μž‘μ„±λ˜μ–΄ 승인되고 좔적이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:44
to government systems worldwide,
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07:46
our system could act as a digital passport
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μž…κ΅­ μ‹ μ²­μ„œλ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ˜λŠ” 미래λ₯Ό 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:48
and with a click of a button,
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07:50
immigration applications are created, submitted and digitally tracked.
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이λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
μ •λΆ€μ˜ μΆœμž…κ΅­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©λ˜μ–΄
07:56
Imagine never to have to fill any immigration forms ever again.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‹ μ²­μ„œλ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³  μƒνƒœλ¦ƒ ν™•μΈν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ‹œ λŒλ €λ°›μ„ 수 있게 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
In order for that to happen,
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08:03
we need government immigration systems to enable a simple integration,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ €ν¬μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ 이 λ†€λΌμš΄ μžλ™ν™”κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
08:07
which would allow us to push applications and pull back the status.
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μ „ 세계 μ •λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이 디지털 정보λ₯Ό λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
수 λ§Žμ€ μ„œλ₯˜λ₯Ό 인쇄해야 ν•˜λ©°
08:13
Today, our system is able to do all that beautiful automation,
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μΆœμž…κ΅­ κ΄€λ¦¬μ†Œμ˜ 직원이 이λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 타이핑해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
but to get that digital information to government systems worldwide,
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λ…μΌμ—μ„œλŠ”, 직원듀이 이 μ„œλ₯˜λ₯Ό νƒ€μ΄ν•‘ν•˜λŠλΌ λ°”λΉ μ„œ
08:21
ton of paper needs to be printed out
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08:23
and a human at an immigration office needs to type everything in again.
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약속을 μž‘λŠ”λ°λ§Œ 1년이 κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
독일이 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μΈμž¬λ‚œμ„ κ²ͺκ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
In Germany, officials are so busy typing in applications
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08:31
that it can take up to a year to even get an appointment,
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μΈ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œλ„ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ ,
08:34
at a time where Germany is experiencing a deep talent crunch.
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λ¬΄ν•΄ν•œ κ΄€λ£Œμ£Όμ˜λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°,
μ—¬κΆŒ μžμ²΄μ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
That is not just an inefficient system,
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08:45
not a harmless bit of bureaucracy,
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4λ…„ 전에 4살인 λ”Έ λ§ˆμ•Όμ™€
08:47
it is actively working against itself.
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λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œ 유럽으둜 여행을 λ– λ‚¬λŠ”λ°
κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ κ΅­κ²½μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ 일이 일어날지 그리고 μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ¬λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
Four years ago, when traveling to New York City from Europe
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08:56
with my then four-year-old daughter Maya,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ꡭ경에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
기계가 찍은 κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
I briefed her what to expect at the border and why.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
제 생각엔 μ € λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ μž…κ΅­ μ ˆμ°¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ
09:04
When we finally got to the border,
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09:06
this was her look that the machine captured.
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κ°€μž₯ 진정성 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:10
I think it was the most authentic look how we humans feel
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μž‘λ…„μ—λŠ” λ² λ₯Όλ¦° μΆœμž…κ΅­ κ΄€λ¦¬μ†Œκ°€ μ•½κ°„μ˜ 디지털화λ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
09:15
about immigration globally.
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저희 νŒ€μ€ 90일이 κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” 절차λ₯Ό 2일둜 λ‹¨μΆ•ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:17
(Laughter)
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09:20
Last year, through a small digitalization with Berlin immigration authorities,
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 88μΌλ™μ•ˆ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:24
my team managed to shorten a process that was 90 days into two days.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ—¬κΆŒμ€ 거주지가 μ–΄λ”˜μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
Think about what a person can do in 88 days.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμ΄λΌκ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  있죠.
만λŠ₯ 디지털 μ—¬κΆŒ,
09:36
Your passport describes you as a resident of your country.
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ꡭ경에 ꡬ애받지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©°
09:40
We say you're a citizen of the world.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄λ‚˜ μžμ›μ„ λ‚­λΉ„ν•  ν•„μš” 없이
09:43
A universal digital passport,
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ꡭ경을 λ„˜κ²Œ 해쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
one that would go beyond borders,
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09:48
will take us towards a world where crossing borders
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88일에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각해보고
09:51
is not about waste of time or waste of resources.
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μ‹€μ œ μƒν™œμ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ—¬μœ λ‘œμ›Œμ§ˆμ§€ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
Think about these 88 days
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:59
and how much actual life can fit into it.
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10:04
Thank you.
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10:05
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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