How a typeface helped launch Apollo | Douglas Thomas

60,368 views ใƒป 2019-07-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JungJae Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:12
In 1969 in July,
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1969๋…„ 7์›”
00:15
three Americans launched into space.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์„ธ ๋ช…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Now, they went to the surface of the moon,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•ด
00:20
they famously made the great leap for mankind.
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์ตํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์•ฝ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, they walked on the surface,
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๋ฒ„์ฆˆ ์˜ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ
00:27
they planted this flag.
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๊นƒ๋ฐœ์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
It's rightly celebrated as a moment that in America we say is a triumph.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
We think it was this amazing accomplishment.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—…์ ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
They didn't just leave behind this flag, though.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์˜จ ๊ฑด ๊นƒ๋ฐœ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
They also left behind a plaque.
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๊ธฐ๋…ํŒจ๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
This plaque is a beautiful object,
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ธฐ๋…ํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:42
and one that I want to talk to you a little bit about.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
First, you might notice that there's two globes,
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๋จผ์ € ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ณธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
representing all of earth.
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00:48
And then there's this beautiful statement:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ด ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
"We came in peace for all mankind."
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โ€œ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
00:52
Now, at first, this is just nice poetic language,
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์ผ๋‹จ, ์ด ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์€ ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šธ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:55
but it's also set in a typeface that's perfect for this moment.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธ€๊ผด๋กœ ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
It seems industrial, it seems engineered.
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์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ์‚ฐ์—… ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์ธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
It also is the best possible name
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
01:04
you could come up with for something on the moon: Futura.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ(๋ฏธ๋ž˜).
01:08
Now, I want to talk to you about fonts,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธ€๊ผด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:09
and why this typeface is perfect for this moment.
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์™œ ์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ๋‹ฌ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:12
But it's actually more than just ceremonial.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์˜๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋…”์–ด์š”.
01:15
Now, when all of you arrived here today,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์˜ค์…จ์„ ๋•Œ
01:18
you actually had to think about fonts.
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๊ธ€๊ผด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
You might not realize it,
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๋น„๋ก ์˜์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
01:21
but you're all unconscious experts on typography.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Typography is the study of how fonts inhabit our world,
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ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ ,
01:29
they're the visual language of the words we use.
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๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Here's the thing that's funny about this, though.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
I know you're probably not like me, you're not a font nerd,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธ€๊ผด์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
maybe some of you are, but if you're not, that's alright,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
because I might spend hours every day
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์ €๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:43
trying to pick the perfect typeface for the perfect project,
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๋งค์ผ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:46
or I might spend thousands of dollars every year,
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:49
trying to get ones with the right features.
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๋งค๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
But all of you actually spend hours every day, evaluating fonts.
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01:54
If you don't believe me, think about how you got here.
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๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:56
Each of you had to judge by the signs
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๋„๋กœ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ 
01:58
and maybe even on your phone,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์—์„œ๋„
02:00
which signals to trust and which to ignore.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
You were evaluating fonts.
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๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
02:04
Or maybe when you're just buying a new product,
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๋˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ
02:07
you have to think about whether something is expensive
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ์ง€
02:09
or cheap or hard to get or easy to find.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
And the funny thing about it is,
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€
02:15
this may not seem extraordinary to you,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:16
but the moment you see something out of place,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:19
you recognize it right away.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
02:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:23
The thing I love about typography,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:24
and why I love fonts and why I love Futura,
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๊ธ€๊ผด๊ณผ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:27
is that, for me, what I study is everywhere.
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๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
Every street that I walk down, every book that I pick up,
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๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์†์— ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์„ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
02:33
every thing that I read is filled with the thing I love.
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์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ€๊ผด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Now, once you understand the history and what happens with typography,
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์ด์ œ, ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:43
you actually have a history of everything before you.
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์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
And this is the typeface Futura.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ ์ฒด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
As previously we've discussed, this is modernism in miniature.
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์•ž์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ์ถ•์†ŒํŒ ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
This is a way in which modernism infiltrated this country
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์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:55
and became perhaps the most popular, or promiscuous typeface,
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์˜€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:58
of the twentieth century.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธ€๊ผด๋กœ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:00
"Less is more," right, these are the aphorisms of modernism.
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โ€œ์ ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ข‹๋‹ค,โ€ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
And in the visual arts, the same thing happened.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Let's focus on the essentials, focus on the basic shapes,
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๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:08
focus on geometry.
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๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ž.
03:09
So Futura actually holds this to its core.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
You might notice that the shapes inherent in Futura
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๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ, ๋„ค๋ชจ, ์„ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ„์งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
have circles, squares, triangles.
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03:16
Some of the shapes are all based on circles,
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๊ธ€์ž ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
like the O, D and C,
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O์™€ D ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  C๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ 
03:20
or others have this pointed apex of the triangle.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ€์ž๋Š” ์„ธ๋ชจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ผญ์ง“์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Others just look like they might have been made
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ€์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž๋‚˜ ์ปดํผ์Šค๋กœ
03:26
with a ruler or a compass.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
They feel geometric, they feel mathematic, precise.
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๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
In fact, this whole system carries through with the way
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
03:32
that the typeface was designed.
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์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
To not look like it was made like other typefaces, to be something new.
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ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธ€์ž์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ, ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
03:37
Here it is in the lightweight, the medium weight and the bold weight.
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–‡์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
The whole family has different things to commend to it.
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๊ธ€๊ผด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
This was a conscious break from the past,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ
03:46
something that looked like it was made by a machine, and not by hand.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
When I say not made by hand, this is what I mean.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
This is what we think about maybe,
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์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:54
when you might create something with a calligraphic brush or a pen.
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์„œ์˜ˆ์šฉ ๋ถ“์ด๋‚˜ ํŽœ์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
That there's thicks and thins.
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์„ ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
And even more traditional typefaces, say like a Garamond,
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๊ฐ€๋ผ๋ชฌ๋“œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ธ€๊ผด์€
04:02
holds vestiges of this old system
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ„์งํ•˜์—ฌ
04:04
in which you can see the A where it get little bit thinner at the top
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ A์˜ ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ€๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‘๊บผ์›Œ์ง€์ฃ .
04:07
and thicker down below,
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04:09
because it's trying to look like someone had made it by hand.
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์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
But Futura, in contrast,
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๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š”
04:13
is designed to look like no one had touched it at all,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:15
that this was made by a machine,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—… ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
04:17
for a machine age, for an industrial age.
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04:19
There's actually a sleight of hand here
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์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์—์„œ 1927๋…„ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ
04:21
that Paul Renner, the designer who made this in 1927, employed.
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ํŒŒ์šธ ๋ ˆ๋„ˆ(Paul Renner)๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
If you look at the way in which
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:26
the circular shape joins with the vertical shaft,
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๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ์ˆ˜์ง์ถ•๊ณผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€
04:29
you'll notice that it tapers just every so slightly.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Š˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And this is one of hundreds of ways
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š”
04:34
in which this typeface was designed to look geometrically perfect,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
even though it's mathematically not.
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๋น„๋ก ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
04:39
And this is what typeface designers do all the time
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ธ€๊ผด ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด
04:42
to make typefaces work, every day.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Now, there were other designers doing this at the same time in Europe and America.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
These are a few other excellent examples from Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์˜จ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
trying to create something new for the new age, a new moment in time.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
These are some other ones in Germany
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด๋“ค์€
04:56
that in some ways look very similar to Futura,
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ์™€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ๋ฐ
04:58
maybe with higher waist or lower waist or different proportions.
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๋†’๋‚ฎ์ด๋‚˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Then why did Futura take over the world?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:03
In this case, if you can read the titles there,
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์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ธ€๊ผด์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:06
some of these names don't quite roll off the tongue:
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Erbar, Kabel Light, Berthold-Grotesk, Elegant-Grotesk.
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์—๋ฅด๋ฐ”, ์นด๋ฒจ ๋ผ์ดํŠธ, ๋ฒจํ†จํŠธ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…Œ์Šคํฌ, ์—˜๋ ˆ๊ฐ•ํŠธ ๊ทธ๋กœํ…Œ์Šคํฌ
05:14
These aren't exactly household names, are they?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
05:16
And so when you compare that to Futura,
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์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
05:19
you realize that this was a really good choice by the marketing team.
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ํ™๋ณด ๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ๊ณจ๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
What's amazing about this name --
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์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€,
05:24
you know, what's in this name is that this is a name
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์— ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€
05:27
that actually invokes hope and an idea about the future.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์šด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
And this isn't actually the word for future in German,
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์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
it wasn't a German name,
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๋…์ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:34
they actually picked something
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๋” ๋„“๊ณ  ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ
05:36
that would speak to a wider, larger audience, a universal audience.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ฑ๋ง์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And when you compare it to what was being done in America --
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์ด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:42
these are the typefaces from the same period
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์ด๋Š” 1920๋…„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ
05:44
in the United States in the 1920s,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ๋ณผ๋“œ, ๋ธŒ๋ž˜์‰ฌ, ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๊ฑฐ๋„์‹œ์˜ค์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
bold, brash, braggadocios.
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05:47
You almost think of this as exactly like what the stock market looked like
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์ด ์ด๋ฆ„๋“ค์€ 1920๋…„ ๋Œ€๊ณตํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ
05:50
when they were all going nuts in the 1920s.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง“๋˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ์—ฐ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
And you realize that Futura is doing something revolutionary.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์ฃ .
05:55
I want to step back and talk about an example of the typeface in use.
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์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
So this is a magazine that we all probably know today, "Vanity Fair."
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์ด ์žก์ง€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํŽ˜์–ดโ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
This is what it looked like in 1929, in the summer.
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1929๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And in many ways, there's nothing wrong with this design.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
This is absolutely typical of the 1920s.
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์ด ์žก์ง€๋Š” 1920๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
There's a photograph of an important person,
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์ค‘์š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
in this case Franklin Roosevelt, then-governor of New York.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋‰ด์š• ์ƒ์›์˜์›์ด๋˜ ํ”„๋žญํด๋ฆฐ ๋ฃจ์Šค๋ฒจํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Everything seems centered, everything seems symmetrical.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์•™์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์นญ์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
There's still a little bit of ornamentation,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฅ์‹์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:22
so this is still maybe having some vestiges of the painted lady
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์ด๋Š” ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์–‘์‹์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
06:25
and not fully modernistic.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
06:26
But everything seems kid of solid.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:28
There's even drop caps to help you get into the text.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
But this all changed very quickly and in October of 1929,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ 1929๋…„ 10์›”
06:33
a Berlin-based designer came and redesigned "Vanity Fair."
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๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์ถœ์‹  ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ โ€œ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํŽ˜์–ดโ€๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:36
And this is what it looks like with Futura.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Instead of the governor
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์ƒ์›์˜์› ๋Œ€์‹ 
06:41
now we have a photograph of an abstract, beautiful setting,
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
in this case, the ocean.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Instead of drop caps, there's nothing at all.
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์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
And replaced with a centered layout is now asymmetry.
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์•„์›ƒ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
And it gets even more radical the further you enter the magazine.
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์žก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์  ๋” ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฑ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
In this case, even more dramatic asymmetry.
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์ด๋Š” ๋” ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
In this case, illustrations by Pablo Picasso, moving across the page
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ์˜ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋šซ๊ณ 
07:01
and breaking the gutter of the two pages.
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ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And there's something even more radical.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋” ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:06
If you look closely at the Futura, you might notice something.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
You might not pick it up at first,
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์ฒซ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:11
but there are no capital letters in the title or the captions on this page.
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์ด ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ์บก์…˜์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
You might not think that's very radical,
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:17
but pick up any magazine, any book or go to any website,
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์–ด๋–ค ์žก์ง€์™€ ์ฑ…์—์„œ๋„, ์–ด๋–ค ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ด๋„
07:19
and I guarantee, you are not going to find it very easily.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์š”. ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
07:22
This is still a radical idea.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
And why is that radical?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์™œ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:26
When we think about what capital letters denote,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
they denote something important,
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07:31
whether it's our names, or our titles.
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ์งํ•จ,
07:33
Or maybe even just the name of our corporations,
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ธฐ์—…๋ช…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
07:36
or maybe our trademarks.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ƒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:37
Actually, in some ways, America's the home of capitalization.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
We love putting capitals in everything.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:44
But think about how radical this would be
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์žก์ง€์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋นผ์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
07:46
to introduce a magazine where you're taking away all the capital letters.
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๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด์—ˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:51
This has maybe had the same political force
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ 
07:53
that we now argue over things like pronouns in our society today.
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๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์น˜์  ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
In the 1920s,
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1920๋…„๋Œ€์—,
07:58
this is just shortly after Soviet Russia had a communist revolution.
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๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ์ด ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And for them, this actually represented a socialist infiltration into America.
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๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
All lowercase letters meant that this was an egalitarian,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜,
08:12
complete lowering of everything into one equal playing field.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Now this is still kind of a radical idea.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Think about how often you do capitalize something
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜๊ณผ ์œ„์‹ ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:21
to have more power or prestige to it.
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08:22
So for them to do this was a way in which Futura was using this idea.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Now, other designers were doing other things with Futura.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋“ค์€ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Others brought other ideas of modernism with it,
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๋ชจ๋”๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:32
whether it was interesting new illustration styles,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๊ณผ
08:35
or interesting new collage types of illustration.
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์ฝœ๋ผ์ฃผ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:37
Or even just new book covers,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์˜จ
08:40
whether they were from Europe.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ… ํ‘œ์ง€๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
But here's the funny thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
In the 1920s, if you wanted to use a new typeface,
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1920๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด๋„
08:46
you couldn't just go download it onto your computer.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:48
You actually had to have pieces of lead.
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๋‚ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ™œํŒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
So for Americans who wanted to adopt this
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด
08:53
and make it part of their own system,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ
08:55
something they could use in everyday typography,
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์ผ์ƒ์˜ ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„์—
08:58
whether in ads or anything else,
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:59
they actually had to have metal type.
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๊ธˆ์†ํ™œ์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
So being good American capitalists, what did we do?
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์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:04
We made all sorts of copies.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ชจ์กฐ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
09:05
Ones that had nothing to do with the name Futura,
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ์™€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:08
but looked identical to it,
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์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€
์ŠคํŒŒ๋ฅดํƒ„์ด๋‚˜ ํ…œํฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
whether it was Spartan or Tempo.
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09:11
And in fact, by the time that World War II started,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ ต
09:14
American corporations were actually trying to boycott Nazi goods.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์น˜์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ฝงํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
But they said, "Go ahead and use our copies.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . โ€œ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์กฐํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:20
Use 20th Century, use Spartan, use Vogue, use Tempo.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ, ์ŠคํŒŒ๋ฅดํƒ„, ๋ณด๊ทธ, ํ…œํฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
09:23
These are identical to Futura."
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์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด์€ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
09:25
And in fact, for most people, they didn't even learn the new names,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
09:28
they just still called it all Futura.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
So America took this typeface in,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ •๋ณตํ•œ ๋’ค
09:32
conquered it and made it its own.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
So by the time World War II finishes,
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋๋‚  ๋ฌด๋ ต
09:37
Americans are using this on everything,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ์กฐ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ,
09:39
whether it be catalogs, or atlases,
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์นดํƒˆ๋กœ๊ทธ์™€ ์ง€๋„์ฑ…
09:42
or encyclopedias or charts and graphs,
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๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „๊ณผ ํ‘œ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„
09:45
or calendars, or even political material.
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๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ •์น˜ ์„ ์ „๋ฌผ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:49
And even the logo for a new expansion football team.
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์‹ ํฅ ๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌํŒ€ ๋กœ๊ณ ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
And in fact, it was used even on some of the most important advertising
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๊ธ€๊ผด๋“ค์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋„ ์“ฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
09:56
of the 20th century.
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09:57
So it's in this context
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:59
that when the US government was picking a typeface
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„
10:01
to use after World War II for new maps and new projects,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€๋„์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ธ€๊ผด๋กœ
10:04
they picked Futura.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
It wasn't an astounding choice, it wasn't a radical choice,
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๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:08
it didn't have anything to do with communism.
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜์™€๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
But in this case, it was used on some of the most important maps,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€๋„
10:13
so this one, an air force map in 1962,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, 1962๋…„ ๊ณต๊ตฐ ์ง€๋„์™€
10:15
or used for the maps in Vietnam in '66.
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1966๋…„ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๋„์— ์“ฐ์˜€์ฃ .
10:18
And so it wasn't a surprise
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
10:20
that when astronauts first started the Mercury program,
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๋จธํ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ ์กด ๊ธ€๋ Œ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ฉฐ
10:23
such as John Glenn orbiting the earth,
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๋„์™€ ๋„ํ‘œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘
10:25
that charts and maps that he was using were in Futura.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
10:27
And in fact, by the time Mercury morphed into Apollo,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋จธํ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์•„ํด๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๋ฌด๋ ต
10:31
it started getting used more and more for more things.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:34
So in this case for a safety plan,
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์•ˆ์ „ ๊ณ„ํš์„œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:37
or even starting to get used on instrument panels,
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๊ณ„๊ธฐํŒ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:39
or navigational aids.
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์šดํ•ญ ๋ณด์กฐ ์žฅ๋น„์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:41
Or even on diagrams to show how the whole system worked.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋„ํ‘œ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:44
But here's the amazing thing,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€,
10:45
it didn't just get used for papers that they handed out to people.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์„œ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
10:49
It started to get used for an interface,
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์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:51
for an entire system that helped the astronauts
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์น˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”
10:53
know how to use the machine.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
NASA wasn't just one big corporation making everything.
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NASA๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
There was hundreds of contractors --
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์—…์ฒด,
11:00
Boeing, IBM, McDonnell Douglas --
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๋ณด์ž‰, IBM, ๋งฅ๋„๋„ ๋”๊ธ€๋Ÿฌ์Šค,
11:03
all making different machines.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:04
Now imagine if astronauts had to use different typefaces and different systems
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„  ์•ˆ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„
11:08
for each component they had in the space shuttles.
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์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ€๊ผด๋กœ ๋ด์•ผํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”.
11:11
This would have been impossible to navigate
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์šฐ์ฃผ ํ•ญํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
and there would have been a cognitive overload
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
11:15
every time they had to open up a new system.
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์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
So in this case, Futura being used on the interface
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์— ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
11:20
helped them navigate complexity and make it more clear.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ•„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋•๊ณ  ๋” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
And it wasn't just used on buttons, it was used on labels,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:27
and it was used on their food rations,
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๊ฐ„์ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ
11:29
and it was used on their tool kits.
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๊ณต๊ตฌ ํ‚คํŠธ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
It was used on knobs and levers to tell them what to do.
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์†์žก์ด์™€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์šฉ๋„์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
In fact, maybe even some of the places
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ข€ ๋” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜
11:37
where they needed to have things that were complex be more simple to them,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์žฅ์น˜๋„
11:40
instructions were printed entirely in Futura,
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์ง€์นจ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋กœ ์ธ์‡„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:43
so that they could know what to do with that one moment.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
They didn't have to remember everything in their head,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด
11:48
they could have it out there in the world to see and refer to.
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ง€์‹œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
In this case, Futura helped make that system,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š”
11:53
which was already a very difficult and complex system,
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
a little less complex.
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11:59
In fact, the very first or last thing an astronaut might have seen
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉฐ
12:02
when they were entering or exiting the spacecraft
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์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
12:04
would have been in Futura.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ์˜€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
One of my favorite examples of how Futura worked in this way
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ค‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
12:09
is actually this camera.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
This is a Hasselblad that was made by the Swedish company.
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์ด๋Š” ์Šค์›จ๋ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•ซ์…€๋ธ”๋ผ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
It's a perfectly good camera, some of you might have used one,
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
it's prized by photographers as a really great camera.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
And you might notice, if you know anything about cameras,
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์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
12:24
that there's some modifications made to it.
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์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
In this case, there are stickers placed all over the film canisters,
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์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํ†ต ์ „๋ฉด๊ณผ
12:29
or other parts of the camera here.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์— ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
What this enabled NASA to do,
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์ด ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค๋“ค์€ NASA์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
12:34
was make something really great out of the astronauts.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
They're not photographers, they're not experts in art.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž‘๊ฐ€๋„ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:40
But they could ensure that they would know how to use this camera
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
because of the labels placed there in Futura.
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12:45
So in this case,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—,
12:47
Futura acquired and made sure that they had legitimacy
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ
12:51
with the things they were using.
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๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
In this case to not take off the film before it would expose.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•„๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Which, in this case, we would have never had
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์ด ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
12:57
some of the amazing photos we had without this label.
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๊ทธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
When we see something as decorative as this, a ceremonial patch,
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์žฅ์‹์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋„, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๋… ๊ฒฌ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜
13:06
or something like this plaque on the moon,
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๋‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…ํŒจ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:08
we realize that Futura was more than just something ceremonial,
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ธฐ๋… ์ด์ƒ์˜,
13:11
something more than something that had just been picked for its design.
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๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
In fact, Futura had authority,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š”
13:18
had legitimacy and had power because of this choice.
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๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ถŒ์œ„์™€ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ, ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
There's one other thing I want to talk about in closing.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
And that is that Futura tells a story.
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์—ญ์‹œ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And this is what I love about typefaces, is that all of them tell stories.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๊ผด์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
And in this case, this typeface tells a very powerful story
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
about assimilation, about something being taken into America
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋™ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋’ค
13:38
and being made part of its culture.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:40
And that's one of the best and worst things America does,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์ด์ž ์ตœ์•…์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ,
13:43
is we take things into our culture and we spit them out back again
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๋’ค ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฑ‰์–ด๋‚ด์–ด
13:46
and claim them our own.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
And in this case, Futura mirrors exactly what happened with the technology
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
13:51
undergirding the whole system.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
Futura was a German typeface, taken in, made into an American commodity.
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ํ‘ธํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:57
And so were the technologies:
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
the rockets, the scientists all came from Germany as well.
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์˜จ ๋กœ์ผ“๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:02
So in some ways, this German typeface on an American plaque
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์ฆ‰, ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋…ํŒจ ์œ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋…์ผ ๊ธ€๊ผด์ด
14:05
perfectly mirrors what happened with the technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:07
And in this case,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
14:09
when you think about this story, you realize that typography on the moon
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
๋‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ€์ดํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
14:14
represents legitimacy, represents authority,
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14:17
and this gave them, the astronauts, the power to get to the moon.
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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