Why wildfires have gotten worse -- and what we can do about it | Paul Hessburg

206,466 views ใƒป 2017-11-29

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yerin Youn ๊ฒ€ํ† : han zeana
00:13
As you've probably noticed,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
00:14
in recent years, a lot of western forests have burned
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ์„œ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆฒ์ด ๋ถˆ์— ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
in large and destructive wildfires.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:22
If you're like me --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
00:24
this western landscape is actually why my family and I live here.
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์„œ๋ถ€์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„œ๋ถ€์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
And as a scientist and a father,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋กœ์„œ
00:31
I've become deeply concerned about what we're leaving behind
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ €์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ช… ์†์ž, ์†๋…€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:35
for our kids, and now my five grandkids.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
In the US, an area that's larger than the state of Oregon has burned
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋„“์€ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ด
์ตœ๊ทผ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถˆํƒ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
in just the last 10 years,
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00:48
and tens of thousands of homes have been destroyed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:53
Acres burned and homes destroyed have steadily increased
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๋•…์ด ๋ถˆํƒ€๊ณ  ์ง‘์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
over the last three decades,
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์ตœ๊ทผ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:02
and individual fires that are bigger than 100,000 acres --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  405 ์ œ๊ณฑ km๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€
01:07
they're actually on the rise.
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์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
These are what we call "megafires."
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'๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฃ .
01:13
Megafires are the result of the way we've managed this western landscape
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๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 150๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
over the last 150 years
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01:20
in a steadily warming climate.
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๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:23
Much of the destruction that we are currently seeing
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ™”์žฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:27
could actually have been avoided.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
I've spent my entire career studying these western landscapes,
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์ €๋Š” ์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ œ ํ‰์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณค๊ณ 
01:34
and the science is pretty clear:
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
if we don't change a few of our fire-management habits,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™”์žฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:41
we're going to lose many more of our beloved forests.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Some won't recover in our lifetime
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
01:49
or my kids' lifetime.
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์ €์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
It's time we confront some tough truths about wildfires,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
and come to understand that we need to learn to better live with them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
and change how they come to our forests,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์ˆฒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
our homes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ
02:07
and our communities.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
02:09
So why is this happening?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ์™œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
02:11
Well, that's what I want to talk to you about today.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
You see this forest?
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์ด ์ˆฒ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:20
Isn't it beautiful?
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
02:29
Well, the forests that we see today
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆฒ๋“ค์€
02:33
look nothing like the forests of 100 or 150 years ago.
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100๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 150๋…„๋œ ์ˆฒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Thankfully, panoramic photos were taken in the 1930s
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ 1930๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:43
from thousands of western mountaintop lookouts,
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๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‚ฐ์•… ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
and they show a fair approximation
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์ˆฒ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:49
of the forest that we inherited.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
The best word to describe these forests of old is "patchy."
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์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ˆฒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ง์€ '๋“ฌ์„ฑ๋“ฌ์„ฑํ•จ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
The historical forest landscape was this constantly evolving patchwork
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์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ์ง€ํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ น์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
03:01
of open and closed canopy forests of all ages,
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ํฐ ๋ฎ๊ฐœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:05
and there was so much evidence of fire.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And most fires were pretty small by today's standards.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™”์žฌ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
And it's important to understand that this landscape was open,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
with meadows and open canopy forests,
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๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ˆฒ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:20
and it was the grasses of the meadows
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๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ’€๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:22
and in the grassy understories of the open forest
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ํ’€์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์ˆฒ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:26
that many of the wildfires were carried.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:31
There were other forces at work, too, shaping this historical patchwork:
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:35
for example, topography, whether a place faces north or south
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ง€ํ˜•ํ•™ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ˆฒ์ด ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋ถ์ชฝ์ธ์ง€ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์ธ์ง€
03:39
or it's on a ridge top or in a valley bottom;
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์‚ฐ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ณ„๊ณก ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
03:42
elevation, how far up the mountain it is;
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์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
and weather, whether a place gets a lot of snow and rain,
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๋‚ ์”จ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ํญ์„ค๊ณผ ํญ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์ธ์ง€
03:49
sunlight and warmth.
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ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
These things all worked together
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์„œ
์ˆฒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
to shape the way the forest grew.
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03:57
And the way the forest grew shaped the way fire behaved
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์ˆฒ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธธ๋ชฉ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
๋ถˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
on the landscape.
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04:05
There was crosstalk between the patterns and the processes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:10
You can see the new dry forest.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ์ˆฒ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:12
Trees were open grown and fairly far apart.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Fires were frequent here, and when they occurred,
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ํ™”์žฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฝค ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:18
they weren't that severe,
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:19
while further up the mountain,
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์‚ฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์šด ์ˆฒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
04:21
in the moist and the cold forests,
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04:23
trees were more densely grown and fires were less frequent,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ˆฒ์€ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ
04:26
but when they occurred, they were quite a bit more severe.
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
These different forest types, the environments that they grew in
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆฒ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ
04:33
and fire severity -- they all worked together
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ž‘์šฉ๋˜์–ด
04:36
to shape this historical patchwork.
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์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆฒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And there was so much power
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํž˜์ด
04:43
in this patchwork.
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์ด ์ˆฒ์— ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
It provided a natural mechanism
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์ด ์ˆฒ์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ
04:48
to resist the spread of future fires across the landscape.
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Once a patch of forest burned,
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์ˆฒ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ถˆํƒ€๋ฉด
04:55
it helped to prevent the flow of fire across the landscape.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ˆฒ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
A way to think about it is,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
the burned patches helped the rest of the forest
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๋ถˆ์— ํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ˆฒ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์„œ
05:05
to be forest.
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์ˆฒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Let's add humans to the mix.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋”ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:11
For 10,000 years, Native Americans lived on this landscape,
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์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ด๋˜ ๋ฏธ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€
05:14
and they intentionally burned it -- a lot.
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถˆํƒœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด์š”.
05:19
They used fire to burn meadows and to thin certain forests
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑด์ดˆ๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
so they could grow more food.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
05:25
They used fire to increase graze
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์Šด๊ณผ ์—˜ํฌ, ๋“ค์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:28
for the deer and the elk and the bison that they hunted.
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๋ถˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
And most importantly, they figured out
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ด„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„์— ์ˆฒ์„ ๋ถˆํƒœ์šฐ๋ฉด
05:34
if they burned in the spring and the fall,
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05:37
they could avoid the out-of-control fires of summer.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:41
European settlement -- it occurred much later, in the mid-1800s,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— 1800๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:46
and by the 1880s, livestock grazing was in high gear.
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1880๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ถ• ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
I mean, if you think about it, the cattle and the sheep ate the grasses
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์–‘๋“ค์ด ํ’€๋“ค์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋ฐ
05:54
which had been the conveyer belt for the historical fires,
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์ด ์ดˆ์›์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ฃผ๋˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰์˜ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
and this prevented once-frequent fires from thinning out trees
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ง‰์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์†Ž์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:02
and burning up dead wood.
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๋ง‰๋Š” ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Later came roads and railroads, and they acted as potent firebreaks,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋„๋กœ์™€ ์ฒ ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฉํ™”๋Œ€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:09
interrupting further the flow of fire across this landscape.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์ด ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:13
And then something happened which caused a sudden pivot
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
in our society.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:19
In 1910, we had a huge wildfire.
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1910๋…„์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
It was the size of the state of Connecticut.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋„คํ‹ฐ์ปท ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์— ๋งž๋จน์„ ์ •๋„์˜€์ฃ .
06:27
We called it "the Big Burn."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
It stretched from eastern Washington to western Montana,
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์ด๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋™์ชฝ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋‚˜์นด ์„œ์ชฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ 
06:33
and it burned, in a few days, three million acres,
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๋ฉฐ์น  ๋งŒ์— 12๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ km๋ฅผ ํƒœ์› ๊ณ 
06:37
devoured several towns, and it killed 87 people.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์ง‘์–ด์‚ผ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 87๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Most of them were firefighters.
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์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Because of the Big Burn, wildfire became public enemy number one,
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์žฌ ํƒ“์—, ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
and this would shape the way that we would think about wildfire
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:52
in our society
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06:53
for the next hundred years.
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์ดํ›„ 100๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:56
Thereafter, the Forest Service, just five years young at the time,
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๊ทธ ์งํ›„, ๋‹น์‹œ ์ƒ๊ธด์ง€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 5๋…„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ฒญ์€
07:00
was tasked with the responsibility of putting out all wildfires
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:05
on 193 million acres of public lands,
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78๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณฑ km ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ๊ณต์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
and they took this responsibility
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์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ฒญ์€ ์ด ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์ฃ .
07:11
very seriously.
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07:12
They developed this unequaled ability to put fires out,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์ง„์••์˜ ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ์šด ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ 
07:16
and they put out 95 to 98 percent
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๋งค๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ์˜ 95์—์„œ 98%๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:20
of all fires every single year in the US.
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07:25
And from this point on, it was now fire suppression
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์••ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:29
and not wildfires
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07:30
that would become a prime shaper of our forests.
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์ˆฒ์„ ์ผ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
After World War II, timber harvesting got going in the west,
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์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„, ์„œ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:39
and the logging removed the large and the old trees.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
These were survivors of centuries of wildfires.
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:47
And the forest filled in.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆฒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Thin-barked, fire-sensitive small trees filled in the gaps,
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๊ป์งˆ์ด ์–‡๊ณ , ๋ถˆ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋นˆํ‹ˆ์„ ๋ฉ”์› ๊ณ 
07:54
and our forests became dense, with trees so layered and close together
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆฒ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ธต์ธต์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ฟ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ
08:00
that they were touching each other.
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๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
So fires were unintentionally blocked by roads and railroads,
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์ฆ‰, ๋ถˆ์€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋„๋กœ์™€ ์ฒ ๋„๋กœ ๋ง‰ํ˜”๊ณ 
08:07
the cattle and sheep ate the grass,
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์†Œ์™€ ์–‘๋“ค์€ ํ’€์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:09
then along comes fire suppression and logging, removing the big trees,
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์ง„์••, ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
08:14
and you know what happened?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์–ด๋——๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:15
All these factors worked together
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด
08:17
to allow the forest to fill in,
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์ˆฒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฑ„์›Œ์กŒ๊ณ 
08:20
creating what I call the current epidemic of trees.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋Œ€์„œ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:28
Go figure.
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์ฐธ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ฃ .
08:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:30
More trees than the landscape can support.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
So when you compare what forests looked like 100 years ago and today,
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์ฆ‰, 100๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์ˆฒ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด
08:40
the change is actually remarkable.
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๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
Notice how the patchwork has filled in.
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์ˆฒ์˜ ๋“ฌ์„ฑ๋“ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:45
Dry south slopes --
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๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ์‚ฐ๋น„ํƒˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:46
they're now covered with trees.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
A patchwork that was once sculptured by mostly small
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ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ
08:52
and sort of medium-sized fires
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๋“ฌ์„ฑ๋“ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
08:54
has filled in.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Do you see the blanket of trees?
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํžŒ ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
08:58
After just 150 years,
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150๋…„์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค์—
09:00
we have a dense carpet of forest.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ๋นผ๊ณกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์„  ์ˆฒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
But there's more.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:05
Because trees are growing so close together,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:08
and because tree species, tree sizes and ages
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€
09:11
are so similar across large areas,
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๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:15
fires not only move easily from acre to acre,
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:18
but now, so do diseases and insect outbreaks,
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณค์ถฉ์—๋„ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
which are killing or reducing the vitality
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์ˆฒ์ด
09:27
of really large sections of forest now.
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์ฃฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
And after a century without fire,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ํ”ผํ•ด ์—†์ด 100๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
09:33
dead branches and downed trees on the forest floor,
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์ฃฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ญ‡๊ฐ€์ง€์™€ ๋„˜์–ด์ง„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ˆฒ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๊น”๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
09:36
they're at powder-keg levels.
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์ผ์ด‰์ฆ‰๋ฐœ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
What's more, our summers are getting hotter
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์€ ์ ์  ๋”์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:42
and they're getting drier
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์ ์  ๊ฑด์กฐํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:44
and they're getting windier.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
And the fire season is now 40 to 80 days longer each year.
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์ž˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 40์ผ์—์„œ 80์ผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
09:53
Because of this, climatologists are predicting
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐํ›„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:55
that the area burned since 2000
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2000๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ฉด์ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
09:58
will double or triple
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3๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ฉด์ ์ด 2๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ 3๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
in the next three decades.
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10:05
And we're building houses in the middle of this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์•ˆ์— ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Two recently published studies tell us
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์ตœ๊ทผ 2๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:10
that more than 60 percent of all new housing starts are being built
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์‹ ์ถ• ์ฃผํƒ์˜ 60% ์ด์ƒ์ด
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ง€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
in this flammable and dangerous mess.
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10:19
So when we do get a fire,
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์ฆ‰, ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
10:21
large areas can literally go up in smoke.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์žฟ๋”๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
How do you feel now
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋‚˜์š”?
10:31
about the forest image
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ˆฒ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:34
that I first showed you?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:35
It scares the heck out of me.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฌด์„ญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
So what do we do?
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์ž ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:42
We need to restore the power of the patchwork.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
We need to put the right kind of fire
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„
10:48
back into the system again.
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๋ฐฉ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
It's how we can resize the severity of many of our future fires.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์„ ํ™”์žฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
And the silver lining is that we have tools
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:59
and we have know-how to do this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Let's look at some of the tools.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
11:04
We can use prescribed burning to intentionally thin out trees
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์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์†Ž์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
11:09
and burn up dead fuels.
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์ฃฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์›Œ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
We do this to systematically reduce them and keep them reduced.
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์ฃฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
And what is that going to do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:18
It's going to create already-burned patches on the landscape
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ˆฒ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
that will resist the flow of future fires.
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ์ฃ .
11:24
We can combine mechanical thinning with some of these treatments
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ
11:27
where it's appropriate to do so,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
11:29
and capture some commercial value
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์ˆฒ์˜ ์ƒ์—…์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
and perhaps underwrite some of these treatments,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
11:34
especially around urban areas.
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์‹œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
And the best news of all is that prescribed burning produces
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ™”์žฌ๋Š”
11:40
so much less smoke than wildfires do.
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
It's not even close.
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๋น„๊ต๋„ ์•ˆ ๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ ์ฃ .
11:45
But there's a hitch:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
11:46
prescribed burning smoke is currently regulated under air quality rules
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ™”์žฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์งˆ ๊ทœ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
as an avoidable nuisance.
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๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณตํ•ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:54
But wildfire smoke?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š”์š”?
11:56
It simply gets a pass.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Makes sense, doesn't it? (Laughs)
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๋ง ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? (์›ƒ์Œ)
12:02
So you know what happens?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:04
We do far too little prescribed burning,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋„๋œ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ
12:07
and we continually eat smoke in the summers
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ™”์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
12:11
from megafires.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
We all need to work together to get this changed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And finally, there's managed wildfires.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Instead of putting all the fires out,
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ๋‹ค ๋„๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
12:21
we need to put some of them back to work
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
12:24
thinning forests and reducing dead fuels.
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์ˆฒ์„ ๊ฐ„๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ์ผ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
We can herd them around the landscape
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
when it's appropriate to do so
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:32
to help restore the power of the patchwork.
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๋“ฌ์„ฑ๋“ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ˆฒ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:38
And as you've probably figured out by now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
12:42
this is actually a social problem.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
It's got ecological and climate explanations,
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์ƒํƒœ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:47
but it's a social problem, and it will take us humans to solve it.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Public support for these tools is poor.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Prescribed burning and managed wildfires are not well-supported.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ™”์žฌ์™€ ์„ธ์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ˜ธ์‘์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
We actually all simply want fires to magically go away
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
and take that pesky smoke with them, don't we?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹  ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
13:09
But there is no future without lots of fire and lots of smoke.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ž€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
That option is actually not on the table.
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๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Until we, the owners of public lands, make it our high priority
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๊ณต์œ ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:24
to do something about the current situation,
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์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:28
we're going to experience continued losses to megafires.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ™”์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
So it's up to us.
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์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
We can spread this message to our lawmakers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
folks who can help us manage our fires
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ์ˆฒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
13:40
and our forests.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
If we're unsuccessful,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
13:49
where will you go to play
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋””์„œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:52
when your favorite places are burned black?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์— ํƒ€ ๊ฒ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:57
Where will you go
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์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์•ผ
13:59
to breathe deep
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๊นŠ์€ ํ˜ธํก๊ณผ
14:02
and slow?
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์—ฌ์œ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:04
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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