How to design gender bias out of your workplace | Sara Sanford

96,613 views ใƒป 2020-03-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yeowoon Yi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yunjung Nam
00:12
A few years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—
00:13
I had a corporate feminist dream job.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Launching a company's national initiative
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์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ
00:20
to recruit more female employees.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋” ๋ฝ‘๋„๋ก ์ฃผ๋„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:22
In the finance sector.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žฌ๋ฌด ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์š”.
00:24
But first, I had to get the signed-off support
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ €
00:27
of all department heads.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์„œ์žฅ์˜ ์„œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
So I spent months perfecting the proposal,
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์ €๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›”์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
presented it
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์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ
00:33
and won the support of almost everyone.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:38
But in this team, there were two men we'll call Howard and Tom.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•œ ํŒ€์—, ๋‚จ์ž ์ง์› ๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
ํŽธ์˜์ƒ ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ๋ž‘ ํ†ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:43
Howard just would not get back to me.
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ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ์— ๋‹ต์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
I emailed him about the proposal,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๋„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
00:48
I left him voice mails,
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์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
00:50
I'd roll my chair back and forth during meetings,
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ํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ๊ตด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ
00:53
trying to make eye contact with Howard.
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ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ๋ž‘ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:56
He'd just take out his phone and start scrolling.
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ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
01:00
And then I started to question myself.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Had I been diplomatic enough in that email?
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‚˜?
01:07
Too demanding in that voice mail?
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์Œ์„ฑ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•ด๋ณด์˜€๋‚˜?
01:09
Does Howard hate this proposal
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์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์•ˆ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ?
01:12
or am I just overreacting?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
01:14
It's probably just me, I thought.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And then one day,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ ,
01:19
I'm walking down the hall and here comes Howard.
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๋ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋‹ค ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
01:23
He's holding a packet of papers,
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์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:25
sees me and lights up.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋Š” ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
He says,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
"Sara, Tom just emailed this to me, you should take a look.
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"์‚ฌ๋ผ, ํ†ฐ์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”."
01:32
It's a proposal for us to recruit more women."
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"๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฝ‘์ž๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—์š”."
01:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:36
"I think Tom has a really great idea here,
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"ํ†ฐ์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”."
01:38
and we should all get behind it."
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"๋‹ค๋“ค ํž˜์„ ๋ณดํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”."
01:42
Howard proceeds to hand my own proposal back to me.
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ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์ œ ์ œ์•ˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋„ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And explains to me the many merits of what I wrote.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:53
Howard was never against recruiting more women.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฑ„์šฉ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
But he needed to hear from a man
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:59
why it was important to hire more women.
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์™œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ฑ„์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
02:03
And as this scene played out,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋“ค์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
02:06
I said nothing.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:09
Because I knew somehow that I was a guest
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ดํ’‹์ด ์ œ ์‚ผ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:15
in a place that wasn't meant for me.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
02:18
And so instead of questioning my environment,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
02:21
I questioned myself.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:24
I wanted to know
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์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
how so many talented women who worked long hours
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๋งŽ์€, ์žฌ๋Šฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:29
and started their careers with confidence
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์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„
02:31
all became trained in this kind of self-doubt that makes them say,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์˜์‹ฌ์— ๋น ์ ธ์„œ
"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ผ๊ฑฐ์•ผ." ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
02:36
"It's probably just me."
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02:39
How was that still possible?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ ?
02:41
Aren't things getting better?
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๋” ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:43
Opportunities for women have increased over the last 50 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
But over the last decade, progress has stalled.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„์€ ์ •์ฒด ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Experts have previously identified 2059
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ 2059๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
02:56
as the year the wage gap would close.
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๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ „๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:58
But in September of this year,
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์˜ฌํ•ด 9์›”์ด ๋˜์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
03:00
these same experts announced that according to the most current data,
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์ตœ์‹  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด
03:04
we'll have to adjust our expectations
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 2119๋…„์œผ๋กœ
03:07
to the year 2119.
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์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
(Audience murmurs)
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(ํƒ„์‹)
03:11
One hundred one years from now.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 101๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋•Œ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:15
Looking beyond the wage gap,
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์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
women are still underrepresented in leadership,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ ๊ณ 
03:20
receive less access to senior leaders
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๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด ๋  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:23
and are leaving the fastest-growing sectors,
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
such as tech,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
03:26
at 45 percent higher rates than men,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ๋Œ€๋น„ 45%๋‚˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์—…๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:30
citing culture as the primary reason.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ผฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
So what have we been doing to address gender inequality?
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์„ฑ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด ์™”์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:39
Why isn't it working?
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์™œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:41
Many businesses think they're addressing the problem,
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๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง์žฅ์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
because they provide training.
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๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:46
Eight billion dollars worth of training a year,
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:50
according to studies from the "Harvard Business Review."
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๋งค๋…„ 80์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์œก์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
These same studies also conclude that these trainings don't work
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์œก์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
and often backfire.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ญํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
04:01
Research tracking the hiring and promotion practices of 830 companies
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 830๊ฐœ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฉ๊ณผ ์Šน์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
over the course of 30 years
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30๋…„์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:08
found that white men who are asked to go to diversity trainings
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด
04:12
tend to rebel
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
04:14
by hiring and promoting fewer women
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๋” ์ ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋“ค์„
04:17
and fewer minorities.
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๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šน์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
The other solution has been to ask women to change their own behavior.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
To lean in.
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๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
04:27
To sit at the table.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:29
Negotiate as often as men.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
04:31
Oh, and get more training.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:34
Women currently earn the majority of college degrees,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•™์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
outperform their peers in key leadership skills
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์ฃผ์š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
and are running businesses that outperform the competition.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
It doesn't look like education
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๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€
04:46
or skills or business acumen are the problem.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
We're already empowered.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:52
Enough to make an impact on the businesses that are ready.
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
These approaches fail to address the key systemic problem:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Unconscious bias.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์ธ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:11
We all have bias, it's OK.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
It's lodged in our amygdala,
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŽธ๋„์ฒด ์•ˆ์—์„œ
05:17
it keeps ticking away when we go to work.
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์ผํ„ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํŒ”๋”ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Bias affects how much I like you,
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ฃ .
05:23
what I believe you're capable of
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€,
05:25
and even how much space I think you take up.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„์š”.
05:28
Thanks in part to the Me Too movement,
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๋ฏธํˆฌ ์šด๋™์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ
05:31
awareness of gender bias has spread.
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์„ฑ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
But the harassment stories that made headlines
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์žฅ์‹ํ•œ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
05:37
are just one piece.
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๊ทธ์ € ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
You don't have to harass a woman to limit her career.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตณ์ด ๊ดด๋กญํž ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:43
The messages women send me aren't about being harassed.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
They're being tolerated in the workplace.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฐธ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
But they're not being valued.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
I don't know anyone who has ever said,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
"You know what I love about my employer?
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„?
06:02
They just tolerate me so well,
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์ฐธ์•„์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
06:04
I feel so tolerated."
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๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ ธ."
06:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:09
To break the inertia,
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์ด ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ฐ์„ ํƒ€ํŒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:11
we need to take a step beyond Me Too.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธํˆฌ ์šด๋™ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Beyond just being tolerated as women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๋‚ด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Our organization decided to tackle the problem in two ways.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
First, if we're all biased,
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๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:24
our workplaces need to be actively antibiased by design,
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์ง์žฅ์€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ๋งž์„œ๋„๋ก ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
not by trying to change mindsets one training at a time.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”์š”.
06:33
So our team began by identifying over 100 cultural levers
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์€ 100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
that can be adjusted to counter the impact of bias.
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
We found that small tweaks can lead to big changes.
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ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
06:45
And they cost a lot less than eight billion dollars.
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๊ทธ ์ผ์€ 80์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
So what do these small tweaks look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:52
If a woman is asked to state her gender
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:54
before filling out a job application,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „
06:56
or performing a skills-related test,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐํžˆ๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:59
she performs worse than if she were not asked first.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
So how can businesses avoid activating this self-stereotyping bias?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋…์— ์˜ํ•œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:09
Move the gender check box to the end of the application.
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์›์„œ ๋งจ ๋’ค๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
Example two.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
07:15
In a national survey that we conducted,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
07:18
men were 50 percent more likely to state
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค 50% ์ด์ƒ
07:22
they had received multiple, frequent evaluations
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
over the course of the last year.
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์ง€๋‚œ 1๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์š”.
07:28
As opposed to one single yearly review.
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ผ ๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:32
Here's why this matters.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
"Fortune" magazine reviewed performance evals across industries.
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ํฌ์ถ˜์ง€์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์—…๋ฌด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
And found that criticism like this related to personality,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋น„ํŒ,
[๋งํˆฌ ์ฃผ์˜!] [๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ž„] [์ข€ ๋” ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”]
07:43
["Watch your tone!"]
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07:44
but not job-related skills,
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์—…๋ฌด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„ํŒ์ด
07:46
appeared in 71 of the 94 yearly reviews received by women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ 94๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ ์ค‘ 71๊ฑด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Of the 83 reviews received by men,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ›์€ 83๊ฑด์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ์—์„œ๋Š”
07:55
personality criticism showed up twice.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
But in businesses that conduct much shorter, highly frequent reviews,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์งง๊ณ  ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
say, five-minute weekly evaluations
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, 5๋ถ„ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:07
focused on specific projects,
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ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๊ณ 
08:09
the personality criticism vanishes.
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์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
And the perceived performance gap between men and women
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„
08:16
is nearly nonexistent.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
While yearly reviews rely on overall impressions,
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์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ธ์ƒ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ
08:21
which are like petri dishes for bias,
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
08:25
short, objectively focused evaluations
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์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์‹์€
08:28
eliminate this feelings-based gray area.
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๊ฐ์ •์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—†์•ฑ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Now, some businesses are consciously taking these steps
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:35
to counter the impact of bias,
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋งž์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
while others just do a good job of advertising.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์— ์—ด์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์—๋„์š”.
08:42
We wanted to find out who is actually getting it right.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So we put a poll on Facebook,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
we asked women in workshops
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์›Œํฌ์ˆ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:51
how they were choosing employers where they would be valued.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
The most common response that we heard?
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‘๋‹ต์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
08:58
"I Google it."
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"๊ตฌ๊ธ€๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”."
09:00
So we googled it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:03
Specifically, we googled "best employers for women in tech."
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"์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ํ…Œํฌ ๊ธฐ์—…"์„ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Our results showed three completely different lists.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:13
One business shows up as the top employer on one list,
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ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋œ ๊ธฐ์—…์€
09:15
doesn't show up at all on another,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์˜ˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
some lists offer no criteria
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:20
and some are purchased ads.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:22
They're paid for.
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๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Employees and employers both want clear benchmarks
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์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
that go beyond good intentions.
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๊ทธ์ € ์„ ํ•œ ์˜๋„์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”์š”.
09:33
The LEED certification gave businesses this clarity
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LEED ์ธ์ฆ์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
around environmental stewardship
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09:38
by outlining the exact steps they need to take for certification.
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์ธ์ฆ์„œ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์š”.
09:43
We wanted businesses to have this kind of playbook for gender equity.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ ํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€์นจ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
So for our second act,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
09:50
we took what we had learned from testing these cultural levers,
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๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
09:54
we partnered with the University of Washington
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์‹ญ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ
09:56
and created the first standardized certification
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋œ ์ธ์ฆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
for gender equity in US businesses.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด ์ง์žฅ ์„ฑ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
10:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:09
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:13
To create this standard,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:15
we had to learn what matters and what doesn't.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
We found out that what matters
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ์ค‘
10:20
is not the total percentage of female employees.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Or the number of board members that are female.
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์ด์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์†ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œ„์›์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Those are what we call vanity metrics.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์ƒ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
They can be bought,
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๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:31
while the culture inside can still be out of balance.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
10:35
The factors that matter and that should be measured
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์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€
10:38
are under the surface.
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๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
10:42
even in organizations where equal percentages of women and men
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ
10:45
state that they have had access to a mentor,
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๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์ด๋ผ๋„
10:48
men's mentors are more likely to be in senior positions.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณ ์œ„์ง์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
Reviewing our survey results,
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์ €ํฌ์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:55
men were twice as likely to state
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๊ณ ์œ„์ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด
10:58
they had been offered an opportunity to shadow someone in a senior role.
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์•ฝ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
We're all used to hearing about the wage gap.
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์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
11:06
Hidden opportunity gaps like these are just as influential.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
So when assessing a company's culture,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
11:14
we measure these gaps between men's and women's experiences.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And the smaller the gap,
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก
11:20
the more equity is center of the culture.
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๋”์šฑ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ง€์š”.
11:22
We also searched our findings
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
for the tenets of workplace culture
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์ง์žฅ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ
11:26
that are most important to men and most important to women.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
11:30
We learned that only three factors consistently matter to men,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:34
while a dozen matter to women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ญ์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
And they only share one in common.
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๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
11:39
Topping the list for women:
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—๋Š”
11:42
Paid family leave,
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์œ ๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋Œ๋ด„ ํœด๊ฐ€,
11:44
health care for dependents
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๋ถ€์–‘๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ณดํ—˜,
11:46
and feeling that their ideas are heard
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ,
11:48
and they're properly credited for them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
These are a few of the 188 indicators
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์ด๋Š” 188๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
that determine whether or not an organization
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์—…์ด
11:58
meets our quantitative standard for workplace equality.
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์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ง์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด์ฃ .
12:02
Based on the data that matter.
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์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
These are the factors
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€
12:07
to create a culture of equity that lasts.
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์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Not just for a month or for a quarter
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๊ทธ์ € ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›” ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:13
but for years.
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์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์ฃ .
12:17
So where does this leave us?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:21
Women in the workforce today are constantly told,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:26
"You can be anything you want now.
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"์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค."
12:28
It's up to you."
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"๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค."
12:31
Women of color,
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์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข… ์—ฌ์„ฑ,
12:33
for whom the wage gap is even larger,
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์ž„๊ธˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์ด๋“ค๋„
12:36
have heard it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์ฃ .
12:38
The two-thirds of minimum-wage workers who are women have heard it.
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์ตœ์ €์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ 2/3๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
12:44
Workers who don't identify as male or female
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค๋„
12:47
and hide their identity at work
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12:49
have heard it.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์ฃ .
12:50
If they can hear, "You can be anything you want now,
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"์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค."
12:53
it's up to you,"
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"๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค." ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์š”.
12:55
I believe it's time for our businesses to hear it, too.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋„ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
Eliminating workplace bias is a tall order.
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์ง์žฅ ๋‚ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
But we can't afford to let half our people go on
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
13:07
being ignored.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
We've given businesses a framework for real change.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‹€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
Businesses can be anything they want now.
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๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ด์ œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
It is up to them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
13:19
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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