Jamil Zaki: How to escape the cynicism trap | TED

78,588 views ใƒป 2022-02-10

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Christine Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : ํ•œ๋‚˜ ์ตœ
00:04
This is it.
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๋„ค. ๋“œ๋””์–ด
00:05
Here we all are, together at last,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ชจ์˜€๊ตฐ์š”.
00:08
to talk about optimism.
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:10
If this isn't nice, I don't know what is.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ข‹์€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Here's the problem: it's 2021.
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2021๋…„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
We are living through a global plague,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:18
one that revealed our worst instincts at the worst times.
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์ด๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
We are so divided that public health has become a power struggle.
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๊ณต๊ณต ๋ณด๊ฑด์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ด ๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋ถ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
We pioneered a vaccine, a moon-landing level innovation,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ฌ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
and then kept it among wealthy countries while poor ones suffered.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Against this backdrop, isn't talking about optimism,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:37
like discussing pagers or horse-drawn carriages?
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๋งˆ์น˜ ํ˜ธ์ถœ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
00:41
Isn't optimism obsolete, backwards and naive,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๊ณ  ํ‡ด๋ณดํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:44
given all we've been through?
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๋ชจ์ž๋ผ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
00:46
Shouldn't it be replaced
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์ข€ ๋” ์ตœ์‹ ์ธ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
00:47
with a more up-to-date cognitive technology?
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:50
Well, lots of people have replaced it with cynicism:
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๋„ค, ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
the notion that humanity is greedy, selfish and dishonest.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์ด ํƒ์š•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€์ •์งํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€๋…์ด์ฃ .
00:59
In 1972, 45 percent of Americans thought that most people can be trusted.
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1972๋…„, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ 45%๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
By 2018, that had dropped to about 30 percent.
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2018๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ 30%๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
01:08
We are living through a cynicism epidemic.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ํ–‰์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
I should know --
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋„
01:13
last year, it infected me, and I'm supposed to be immune.
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์ „์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
01:16
I'm a psychologist and neuroscientist,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ ,
01:19
and my whole career, I've studied the sunny side of human nature.
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์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
My lab and I have found that giving away money
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์ €์™€ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
01:25
activates similar parts of your brain as eating chocolate,
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
and that helping other people through their stress calms our own.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰ํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
01:32
Our punch line is clear:
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
there is good in us, and it does good for us.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์„ ํ•จ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์œ ์ตํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Now, people love hearing this,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:40
but in 2020, I started to hate saying it.
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2020๋…„, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ซ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I was building hope in others while losing my own.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ๋ง์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:45
I was evangelizing for human kindness all day
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์ €๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ ํ•จ์„ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:48
and then doomscrolling at night.
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๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณค ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
I was peddling something that I would never want to buy anymore.
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์ €๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
I felt like a fraud,
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊พผ๊ฐ™์ด,
01:56
or, at best, maybe a fax-machine salesman.
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์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ํŒฉ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํŒ๋งค์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
01:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:01
But here's the thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:03
You might think that cynicism is a system upgrade
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
02:06
that allows us to see who we really are.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
It's not.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
It traps us in a version of the world we don't want to live in,
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ
02:13
and one we don't have to.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ญ์•„๋งต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
One of my favorite studies of all time occurred in southeastern Brazil.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋‚จ๋™๋ถ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Two fishing villages there are separated by just 30 miles.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์–ด์ดŒ ๋งˆ์„์ด 48km ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
One sits by the ocean,
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ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:26
where fishing requires large boats and heavy equipment.
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์–ด์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฐ ๋ฐฐ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
To make a living there, fishermen must work together.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
The other sits by a lake,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์„์€ ํ˜ธ์ˆซ๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
02:34
where fishermen strike out alone on small boats
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์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฐ์—์„œ ํ˜ผ์ž ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:36
and compete with one another.
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์—,
02:40
researchers tested how people in each of these villages
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
02:43
responded to a set of social experiments.
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์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Ocean fishermen trusted strangers and cooperated with their neighbors.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Lake fishermen competed and mistrusted instead.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
But here's the crazy part.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
These folks didn't start out any different from each other,
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๋‘ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
but the longer fishermen worked on the lake,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ•œ ์–ด๋ถ€์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก
03:00
the more they competed.
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์ ์  ๋” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:02
The longer they worked on the ocean, the less they did.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ•œ ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Some families, schools and companies are like ocean villages.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ํ•™๊ต, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
People trust, because they know others will earn it.
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๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Some are like lake towns --
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
people look out for themselves, because no one else will.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์— ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Our social worlds shape us, like clay,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ ํ† ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋นš์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
into hopeful or cynical versions of ourselves.
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ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ํ˜น์€ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ์š”.
03:23
And right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ
03:24
many of us are living in a lake town of historic proportion.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Inequality has soared, injustice is all around,
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:31
self-interest might as well be pumped into the water supply.
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์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ฝธ์ฝธ ์Ÿ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
These forces raise cynicism,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์™€
03:37
and so do times of disaster.
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์žฌ๋‚œ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
After the last 18 months,
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์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„,
03:41
there's a real chance we could tip into a sort of cynical permafrost.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์˜ ๊ฝ๊ฝ ์–ผ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋•…์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Now,
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์ž,
03:48
I'm going to guess there may be some proud cynics in the audience today,
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์•„๋งˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
and you might be thinking, "Good.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ . โ€œ์ข‹์•„.
03:54
More people should turn to the dark side.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด.
03:57
Optimism might feel nice --
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์งˆ ์ˆœ ์žˆ์ง€,
03:59
so would calling tiramisu a health food,
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ํ‹ฐ๋ผ๋ฏธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์Œ์‹์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์•ผ.
04:01
but we don't get to go around believing whatever we like."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด.โ€
04:05
George Bernard Shaw tells us
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์กฐ์ง€ ๋ฒ„๋‚˜๋“œ ์‡ผ๋Š”
04:06
that the power of accurate observation is commonly called "cynicism"
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋ž€ ์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
04:10
by those who haven't got it.
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์˜ˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:14
107 years later,
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107๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜,
04:15
the cartoon philosopher Lisa Simpson
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๋งŒํ™” ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ์‹ฌ์Šจ์€
04:18
taught us that as intelligence goes up, happiness goes down.
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์ง€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Maybe hope does, too.
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์•„๋งˆ ํฌ๋ง๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Maybe cynicism is the price of being right.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์˜ณ์Œ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Most people think so.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
04:30
70 percent think cynics are smarter than noncynics;
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70%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
04:33
85 percent think they would make better lie detectors.
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85%๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง ํƒ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Most people are wrong.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
It turns out that cynics tend to perform less well than noncynics
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค
04:42
on cognitive tests.
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๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
They earn less money,
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋„ ๋” ์ ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:44
and they lose more often in negotiations.
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ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ๋„ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
They're not even good at spotting bad guys.
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๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ž˜ ์ƒ‰์ถœํ•ด๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:50
In one study,
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:51
researchers conducted mock job interviews,
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๋ชจ์˜ ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€
04:53
asking half the candidates to lie and half to tell the truth.
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์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ›„๋ณด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์—๊ฒ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Cynics and noncynics watched videos of these interviews
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉด์ ‘ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๊ณ 
05:00
and guessed who was lying.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋งž์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And cynics did way worse.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
More generally, they assume liars are everywhere
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๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด
05:06
so can't pick real ones out of a crowd.
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๊ด€์ค‘ ์†์—์„œ ์ง„์งœ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
So cynicism might not be as smart as you think it is,
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒํผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:13
but it's still powerful,
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๊ทธ ํž˜์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
because our stories about each other become self-fulfilling.
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์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Cynics are more likely to refuse intimacy and cooperation.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ณ 
05:23
They hurt others to avoid being hurt.
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์ƒ์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
They tend to spy on their colleagues and suspect their friends,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํƒ€์ธ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:29
and other people, unsurprisingly, react badly --
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๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
sometimes, acting selfishly in response.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:37
In other words, by mistreating others,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด, ํƒ€์ธ์„ ํ•จ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:39
cynics create the exact conditions they fear.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
They tell a story full of villains and end up living in it.
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์•…๋‹น์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
I call this the cynicism trap,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ซ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ 
05:49
and my lab explores ways that people fall into it.
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ซ์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
In one study, we asked people how happiness works.
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Some thought that it's a zero-sum game,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
meaning that as one person's happiness goes up,
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:01
another person's must go down.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Now they're wrong.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
It turns out that when we act generously towards others,
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ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:07
that tends to increase our happiness.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์ด ๋” ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
But cynics acted on their illusion.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
When given chances to help strangers, they were less likely to do so.
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋„์šธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ ๋œป ๋„์šฐ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
They ended up less happy as well.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋œ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•˜์ฃ .
06:18
By hoarding well-being,
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ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋น„์ถ•ํ•ด๋‘ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
06:19
they lost out on one of its key ingredients --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
06:22
other people.
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ํƒ€์ธ์„ ๋†“์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
In other work,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š”
06:25
we asked Republicans and Democrats
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๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:26
what it would mean to empathize with the other side.
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์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋‹น์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Some people saw politics as a war,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ •์น˜๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ์—
06:32
and thought empathy would be as useful as bringing cotton candy to a gunfight.
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๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ์ด๊ฒฉ์ „์— ์†œ์‚ฌํƒ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
These folks didn't want to cooperate with the other side,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋‹น๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
06:39
or even to know them at all.
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ํ˜น์€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
In one study,
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ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ,
06:43
we measured college students' cynicism about empathy
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ 
06:45
and asked about the friends they made on campus.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์บ ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ท„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
Here, each dot is a person,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
06:50
coded blue to red based on ideology,
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๊ด€๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:52
and each line is a friendship.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ ์€ ์šฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Now, this was a pretty liberal campus,
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์ง„๋ณด ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
06:57
but nonetheless, noncynics managed to find ideologically diverse friends.
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๋น„๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๋“ฒ ์ด๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
07:02
Cynics stuck to their own kind.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Now that's, of course, their right.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
But most of us wish our country was less divided,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–‘๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
07:09
and empathy is critical to moving us towards that goal.
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๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
By giving up on it, cynics lose that chance.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Our studies and many others
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์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
07:20
give us a clear picture of the cynicism trap.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ซ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
When we decide everyone's out for themselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ
07:25
we stop seeing their kindness.
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์นœ์ ˆ์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
When we think the world is zero-sum,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
07:29
everyone becomes a potential enemy.
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ํƒ€์ธ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
These views spread across us, too.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
Parents pass on their suspicions to their kids.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
07:37
Politicians act in bad faith
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์„œ
07:39
and damage voters' faith in each other.
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ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž์˜ ์‹ ๋…์— ์„œ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Media companies trade in judgment and outrage.
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์–ธ๋ก ์€ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
Our cynicism is their product,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
07:48
and it is a growth industry.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
So no, cynicism doesn't help us see reality more clearly,
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์•„๋‡จ, ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
but it does change reality,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
07:57
poisoning our relationships, our lives and our culture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์‚ถ, ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
It is not a system upgrade,
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
08:03
it's mental malware.
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์ •์‹ ์  ์•…์„ฑ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
But we don't have to accept it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
We can take control of our stories.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋„๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
To escape the cynicism trap, we have to.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ซ์„ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
My lab tries to help.
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋„ ๋„์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
In one study,
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ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ,
08:16
we taught people that happiness is not a zero-sum game,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋ณต์€ ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
08:19
and that helping others helps us, too.
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ํƒ€์ธ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
These folks, compared to those in a cynical condition,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
08:25
donated more to charity afterwards,
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์ดํ›„ ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
08:27
and they ended up happier as well.
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๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
In other work, we changed how people thought about empathy in politics.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Some people were randomly chosen to read a cynical essay.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
It began, and I'm paraphrasing,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
"You might think empathy is a weakness
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โ€œ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด
08:42
that will make you lose every argument,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์•ฝ์ ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and you'd be right."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
08:45
Afterwards, we asked these folks to write a note about gun control
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๊ทธ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
to someone they disagreed with,
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:51
and they sniped at each other.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
Hereโ€™s a voice actor reading what one Democrat wrote to a Republican.
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ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›์ด ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›์—๊ฒŒ ์“ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ•œ ์„ฑ์šฐ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Recording: โ€œItโ€™s hard not to state this bluntly.
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๋…น์Œ: ์ง์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋„ค์š”.
08:59
You should be in favor of stricter gun laws
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
because you should care about the lives of other people
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ตฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค
09:05
more than your outdated feelings of machismo."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋” ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Jamil Zaki: And hereโ€™s a Republican writing to a Democrat.
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์ž๋ฐ€ ์žํ‚ค: ํ•œ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›์—๊ฒŒ ์“ด ๊ธ€๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Recording: "People need to know
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๋…น์Œ: ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
09:13
they're able to have the freedom to bear arms
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๋ณธ์ธ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:15
in order to protect themselves.
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์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ง€ํ•  ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
You democrats don't get to take that away from us."
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋บ์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:19
JZ: Basically, we recreated Twitter, by accident.
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์ž๋ฐ€ ์žํ‚ค: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
09:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:23
Other people read a different essay.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
It began,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
"You might think empathy is a weakness that will make you lose every argument,
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โ€œ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์•ฝ์ ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
and you'd be wrong."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
09:32
... and went on to describe empathy as a strength in politics.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Again, we asked these folks to write to an opponent about gun control,
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ ์จ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
but this time, things changed.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Hereโ€™s a Democrat.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์›์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
Recording: "There are some common-sense regulations
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๋…น์Œ: ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
09:45
that we should implement to keep people safe.
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์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
We all want what is best for the country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:49
and there are things we can meet in the middle on
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์ด๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:51
to tackle the issue of gun violence."
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์˜์ ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
JZ: And a Republican.
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์ž๋ฐ€ ์žํ‚ค: ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Recording: "Horrible crimes can be committed using guns ...
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๋…น์Œ: ์ด๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
everything from school shootings
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ํ•™๊ต ์ด๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:00
to murders because of racism and white supremacy.
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ด์ธ๊นŒ์ง€, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:03
It's very understandable that you think it makes sense
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์™œ ์ด๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ณ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€
10:05
to make gun laws more strict.
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์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
We're all reasonable people,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
10:09
and we just want what's best for our loved ones."
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ์›ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
JZ: To us, this was wild.
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์ž๋ฐ€ ์žํ‚ค: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
Remember,
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ,
10:15
just like ocean and lake fishermen,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ์–ด๋ถ€๋“ค๊ฐ™์ด
10:17
these people did not start out any different,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
but just reading one essay turned some of them into new optimists
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—์„ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ,
10:23
and others into new cynics.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
This shaped how they acted, and their effect on other people.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
We sent all of these notes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ๋ชจ๋‘
10:30
to people who really disagreed with the writer about gun control,
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์ด๊ธฐ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ฌํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
10:33
and found that notes written by new optimists
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์“ด ๊ธ€๋“ค์ด
10:35
were more persuasive than those written by new cynics,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์“ด ๊ธ€๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:39
more likely to make other people change their mind.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
In other words,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด,
10:43
we taught these people that empathy was useful,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
10:45
they used it, and it became useful.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
This is what I want you to remember and what I want you to know:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
10:52
that if cynical stories can become self-fulfilling,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ถฉ์กฑ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:54
our work shows that hopeful ones can as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
Now, cynicism is not the only root of our problems,
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์ž, ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ทผ์›์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
11:02
and optimism alone will not fix them.
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
But it's hard to change a broken system
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
if you think it's a mirror reflecting our broken nature.
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๋ƒ‰์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚œ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
11:10
If people are selfish to our core,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
11:12
then toxic laws and practices are here to stay.
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์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต์ด ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
But we can all choose to tell a different story.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
We can be skeptical --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:19
demanding evidence before we believe in people --
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ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:21
but hopeful, knowing they can change for the better.
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๋™์‹œ์— ํฌ๋ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
We can notice their kindness even when the media doesnโ€™t
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์–ธ๋ก ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์นœ์ ˆํ•จ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:27
and envision systems built on that kindness.
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๊ทธ ์นœ์ ˆํ•จ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
We can find other people in our neighborhoods,
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๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”
11:33
unions and faith communities who want the same thing.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ, ์‹ ์•™ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
We can use our collective optimism
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
11:38
to build pockets of solidarity and mutual aid,
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์—ฐ๋Œ€์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ํ˜‘์กฐ์˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์  ๋” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
11:41
miniature ocean villages that can grow over time.
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์ž‘์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Now, this is the part of the talk
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
11:47
where I'm supposed to tell you how I cured my own cynicism.
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์น˜์œ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
But the truth is, I still struggle.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Depending on the day or the hour,
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๋‚ ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
11:55
I promise, I can be as cynical as anyone here.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋งŒํผ ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
But I see cynicism for what it is --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
a psychological quicksand
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๋” ์›€์ง์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ €๋ฅผ ๋” ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š”
12:03
that will pull me in deeper, the more I move through it.
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ํ€ต์ƒŒ๋“œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:07
So I fight to believe in people,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํˆฌ์Ÿํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
not because it feels good,
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค˜์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:11
but because stories matter,
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
and we're telling ours all the time, together.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
We all get stuck in quicksand --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข…์ข… ํ€ต์ƒŒ๋“œ์— ๋น ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
sometimes, that's OK.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
But the next time you manage to pull yourself out,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๋ฒˆ์— ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ 
12:22
and find some faith in humanity,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:24
try to remember to reach back and grab someone else who's stuck,
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๋งค๋ชฐ๋ผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€๊ณ  ์žก์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:27
until more of us can make it to solid ground.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ๋•…์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Because optimism is not a relic of the past.
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
It's one key to building a better future by letting us see it more clearly.
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๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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