Climate change is becoming a problem you can taste | Amanda Little

98,610 views ใƒป 2020-11-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yooju Sung ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
In the early months of the pandemic,
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—
00:14
chef Josรฉ Andrรฉs circulated two photos
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์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ํ˜ธ์„ธ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋‘ ์žฅ์„ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ๋œจ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
00:17
that have come to symbolize a modern American food crisis.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
00:21
The first shows mountains of potatoes
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋”๋ฏธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Œ“์ธ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:23
that have been left to rot in a field in Idaho.
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์•„์ด๋‹คํ˜ธ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ฐญ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋˜์–ด ์ฉ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
00:25
The restaurants and cafeterias and stadiums that had consumed them
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ด์˜ค๋˜ ์Œ์‹์ , ๋งค์ , ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ๋“ค์ด
00:29
were shuttered during the pandemic.
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์˜์—…์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:32
The second shows a devastating scene outside of the San Antonio food bank.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ƒŒ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์˜ค ํ‘ธ๋“œ๋ฑ…ํฌ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋‹ด์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Thousands of carloads of people lined up,
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์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์ด ์ค„์ง€์–ด ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
waiting for food with not enough supply to go around.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰๋‚œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋“ค ์Œ์‹์„ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
"How is it possible these two photos exist at the same time,
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์†์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
00:46
in the most prosperous
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ’์š”๋กญ๊ณ 
00:48
and technologically advanced moment in our history," tweeted Andrรฉs.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์— ๋ง์ด์—์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ํŠธ์œ—ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
In the months after the photos were published,
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์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„,
00:55
the crisis got worse.
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์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Billions of pounds of potatoes and other fresh produce
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐ์ž์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
01:01
were chucked by American farmers.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
At the same time,
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์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์—
01:05
food banks all over the country were reporting demand increases
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ‘ธ๋“œ๋ฑ…ํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:08
and 40 percent were facing critical shortfalls.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 40%๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Outside the US,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:13
especially in the Middle East and throughout Southeastern Africa,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘๋™ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋™๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ
01:17
COVID-19 was paralyzing food systems that were already vulnerable.
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งˆ๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Oxfam has predicted that by the end of 2020
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์˜ฅ์ŠคํŒœ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 2020๋…„ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€
01:25
12,000 people per day could die of hunger related to COVID.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 12,000๋ช…์ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์•„๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
That's more than the highest daily mortality rate
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
recorded so far.
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01:35
But what's worse
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:36
and what's much more concerning to all of us
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๋”์šฑ ๋” ์šฐ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ์ ์€
01:38
is that COVID is just one of many major disruptions
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์ฝ”๋น„๋“œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์–ด์˜จ
01:42
that have been predicted
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01:43
in the years and decades ahead.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€๋ž€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
More chronic and complex than the pressures of COVID
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์ฝ”๋น„๋“œ์˜ ์••๋ฐ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€
01:50
are the pressures of climate change.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์••๋ฐ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And those of you who live in California have seen this on your farms.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ฏค ๋ณด์…จ์„ ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
01:56
You've seen withering heat and drought and fires
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์ฐŒ๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ์—ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„, ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€
02:00
disrupt avocado and almond and citrus and strawberry farms.
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์•„๋ณด์นด๋„์™€ ์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ, ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€, ๋”ธ๊ธฐ ๋†์žฅ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„์š”.
02:06
This summer, we saw the devastating impacts of storms
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํญํ’์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์™€ ์ฝฉ ๋†์žฅ์—
02:09
on corn and soy farms.
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
I've seen the various pressures of drought,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„,
02:14
heat, flooding, superstorms,
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๋”์œ„, ํ™์ˆ˜, ๋Œ€ํญํ’,
02:17
invasive insects, bacterial blight,
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ํ•ด์ถฉ ํ”ผํ•ด, ์„ธ๊ท ์„ฑ ๋งˆ๋ฆ„๋ณ‘,
02:19
shifting seasons and weather volatility
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๊ณ„์ ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๋ณ€์ด ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
from Washington to Florida,
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค,
02:24
and from Guatemala to Australia.
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๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
02:27
The upshot is this.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
Climate change is becoming something we can taste.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
This is a kitchen-table issue in the literal sense.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹ํƒ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ด ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:35
The International Panel on Climate Change
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ„ ํŒจ๋„(IPCC)์€
02:37
has predicted that by mid-century
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€
02:39
the world may reach a threshold of global warming
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋†์—…์ด ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€
02:42
beyond which current agricultural practices
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€
02:45
can no longer support large human civilizations.
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์‹ฌํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
The USDA scientist Jerry Hatfield put it to me this way:
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๋ฏธ ๋†๋ฌด๋ถ€์˜ ์ œ๋ฆฌ ํ•ซํ•„๋“œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
the single biggest threat of climate change
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์€
02:55
is the collapse of food systems.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
The reality we face,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์€
03:00
one that was exposed by those mountains of potatoes
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์‚ฐ๋”๋ฏธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Œ“์ธ ๊ฐ์ž์™€
03:02
and the cars lined up during the pandemic,
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ํŽœ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ค„์ง€์–ด ๋Š˜์–ด์„  ์ฐจ ํ–‰๋ ฌ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ํ˜„์‹ค์€
03:05
is that our supply chains are antiquated.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง์ด ๊ตฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Our food systems have not been designed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ์— ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:11
to adapt to major disruptions or preempt them.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Addressing this challenge as much as any other
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ชป์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:19
is going to define our progress in the coming century.
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
But there's good news.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
And the good news is that farmers and entrepreneurs and academics
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๋†์—…์ธ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด
03:29
are radically rethinking national and global food systems.
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์ „๊ตญ ๋ฐ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
They are marrying principles of old-world agroecology
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— '์ œ 3์˜ ๊ธธ'์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:36
and state-of-the-art technologies
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๊ตฌ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋†์—… ์ƒํƒœํ•™๊ณผ
03:38
to create what I call a third way to our food future.
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
We're going to see radical changes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
03:44
in what we grow and how we eat in the coming decades,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋จน๋Š”์ง€์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
as these environmental and population
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์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ตฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:50
and public health pressures intensify.
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๊ณต์ค‘ ๋ณด๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••๋ฐ•์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
03:53
I studied these changes for my book "The Fate of Food:
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์ €๋Š” "์‹๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šด๋ช…: ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ"
03:55
What We'll Eat in a Bigger, Hotter, Smarter World."
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์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ ์ €์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:58
I traveled for five years into the lands and the minds
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์ €๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ, ์ƒ๊ฐ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ข‡์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:01
and the machines that are shaping the future of food.
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5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:04
My travels took me through 15 countries and 18 states,
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15๊ฐœ๊ตญ๊ณผ 18๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…”์ฃ .
04:09
from apple orchards in Wisconsin to tiny cornfields in Kenya,
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์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์›์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฐญ๊นŒ์ง€,
04:14
to massive Norwegian fish farms
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๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์–ด์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€
04:16
and computerized foodscapes in Shanghai.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ•˜์ด์˜ ์ „์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ํ‘ธ๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
04:19
I investigated new ideas,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
like robotics and CRISPR and vertical farms.
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํผ, ์ˆ˜์ง๋†์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„์š”.
04:24
And old ideas, like edible insects and permaculture and ancient plants.
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์‹์šฉ ๊ณค์ถฉ, ์˜์† ๋†์—…, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:29
I began to see the emergence of this third way to food production.
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์ „ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ด ์ œ 3์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
04:33
A synthesis of the traditional and the radically new.
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์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด์ฃ .
04:38
There's a growing controversy
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์•ˆ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
04:40
about the best path to future food security in the US.
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์ตœ์„ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:43
Food is ripe for reinvention, Bill Gates has proclaimed.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐ ๋  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์™”๋‹ค, ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋นŒ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ธ ๋Š” ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Huge flows of investment
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด
04:49
are funding new methods of climate-smart and high-tech agriculture.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๋†๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
But many sustainable food advocates bristle at this idea of reinvention.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ€์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
They want food deinvented.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Œ์‹์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์–ด์„  ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
They argue for a return to preindustrial
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๋…น์ƒ‰ํ˜๋ช… ์ด์ „์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:04
and pre-green revolution,
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05:06
biodynamic and organic farming.
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์ƒ๋ช…์—ญ๋™ ๋†๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋†๋ฒ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
To which skeptics inevitably respond,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํšŒ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ฃ ,
05:11
"Nice, but does it scale?
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"์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
05:13
Sure, a return to traditional farming methods
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋†์—… ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
05:16
could produce better food,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:17
but can it produce enough food that's affordable?"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
05:20
The rift between the reinvention camp and the deinvention camp
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์ง„์˜๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์˜์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€
05:23
has existed for decades.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
But now it's a raging battle.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋”์šฑ ๊ฒฉ์ „์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
One side covets the past,
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‡๊ณ 
05:30
the other side covets the future
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ข‡๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
and as someone observing this from the outside,
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์ œ 3์ž์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
05:35
I began to wonder, why must it be so binary?
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋“ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์™œ ๊ผญ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
05:38
Can't there be a synthesis of the two approaches?
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๋‘ ๊ด€์  ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์„๊นŒ?
05:41
Our challenge is to borrow from the wisdom of the ages,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ์™€
05:45
and from our most advanced science,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ฒจ๋‹จ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค
05:48
to forge this third way.
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์ œ 3์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
One that allows us to improve and scale our harvests,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์„ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:54
while restoring rather than degrading
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ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
05:56
the underlying web of life.
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์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
05:59
I belong to neither camp.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ง„์˜์˜ ํŽธ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
I'm a failed vegan and a lapsed vegetarian,
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋„ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ฑ„์‹๋„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:04
and a terrible backyard farmer.
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๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์˜ ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊พธ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
06:06
If I'm honest,
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
06:08
I will keep trying at this, but I may fail.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ• ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹คํŒจํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
06:11
But I'm hell-bent on hope,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
and if my travels have taught me anything,
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์ œ ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:15
it's that there's good reason for hope.
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Plenty of solutions are merging
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ• 
06:19
that can help build sustainable, resilient food systems.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Even if we can't rely on a critical mass
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๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๋Š” ์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด
06:24
of backyard-farming vegetarians to do this on their own,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒํผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š”
06:28
from the ground up.
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์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
06:30
Let's start with artificial intelligence and robotics.
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์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
06:33
Jorge Heraud is a Peruvian-born engineer
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํ—ค ํ—ค๋ผ์šฐ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ํƒœ์ƒ์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
who now lives in Silicon Valley,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ
06:38
and his company developed a robotic weeder named See and Spray,
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๊ทธ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์”จ์•ค์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:42
and I went to Arkansas to see the maiden voyage of See and Spray.
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์ €๋Š” ์”จ์•ค์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋™๋˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์นธ์†Œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And I was half expecting a battalion of C3PO-style robots
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์ €๋Š” C3PO์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋ถ€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ์ง‘๊ฒŒ๋ฐœ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
06:51
to march into the fields with pincer hands to pluck the weeds.
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๋ฐญ์„ ํ–‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And instead, I found this.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฑด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
A tractor with a big, white hoop skirt off the back of it.
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๋’ค์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์Šค์ปคํŠธ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€ํ…Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ํŠธ๋ž™ํ„ฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
07:00
And inside that hoop skirt are 24 cameras
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€ํ…Œ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” 24๊ฐœ์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค
07:02
that use computer vision to see the ground beneath
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋น„์ „์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ† ์–‘์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ 
07:06
and to distinguish between the plants and the weeds.
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์ž‘๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:09
And to deploy with sniper-like precision
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:11
these tiny jets of concentrated fertilizer,
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๋†์ถ•๋œ ๋น„๋ฃŒ, ํ˜น์€ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋ฅผ
07:14
or herbicide,
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๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:16
that incinerate the baby weeds.
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07:18
I learned how robotics can end the practice
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์ €๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ณตํ•™์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์—์ด์ปค์˜ ๋•…์—
07:21
of broadcast spraying chemicals across millions of acres of land
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
07:25
and how we can reduce the use of herbicides
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์ œ์ดˆ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ 90%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
by up to 90 percent.
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07:30
But the bigger picture is even more exciting.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๊ณ ๋ฌด์ ์ธ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Intelligent machines can treat plants individually,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
applying not just herbicides
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ
07:37
but fungicides and insecticides
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์‚ด๊ท ์ œ์™€ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ, ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
07:39
and fertilizers on a plant-by-plant, rather than field-by-field basis.
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๋ฐญ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ดํฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
07:45
So that eventually,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”
07:46
this kind of hyperspecific farming
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ๋†์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
07:49
can allow for more diversity and intercropping on fields.
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๋ฐญ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ž‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
And big farms can begin to mimic natural systems
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋†์žฅ๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:57
and improve soil health.
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ํ† ์–‘๋„ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:59
Heraud is the embodiment of third-way thinking, right?
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ํ—ค๋ผ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด ์ œ3์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
08:03
Robots, he told me,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
08:05
don't have to remove us from nature,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
08:07
they can bring us closer to it, they can restore it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Increasing crop diversity will be crucial
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์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„
08:13
to building resilient food systems.
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๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And so will decentralizing agriculture
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๋†์—…์„ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
so that when farmers in one region are disrupted,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„
08:21
the others around, they can keep growing.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
The rise of vertical farms,
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๋‰ด์ €์ง€์˜ ๋‰ด์–ดํฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
08:25
like this farm, built inside a former steel mill in Newark, New Jersey,
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์ „ ์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ด ๋†์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋†์žฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š”
08:31
can play a key role in decentralizing agriculture.
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๋†์—…๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
Aeroponic farms use a tiny fraction
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๊ณต์ค‘์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋†์žฅ์€ ์ง€์ƒ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์˜ ์–‘์˜
08:37
of the water that is used in in-ground farms.
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๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
And they can grow food much faster, about 40 percent faster.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  40%๋‚˜ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
And when located in and near cities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š”
08:47
where the food is consumed,
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๋„์‹œ ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ
08:48
they eliminate a huge amount of trucking and food waste.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ณผ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
It struck me at first as creepy
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๊ณผ์ผ๊ณผ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅผ
08:54
in kind of a "Silent Running" way
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์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ† ์–‘๋„ ํƒœ์–‘๋„ ์—†์ด
08:56
that we'd be growing our future fruits and vegetables
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๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜ํ™” "์‹ธ์ผ๋ŸฐํŠธ ๋Ÿฌ๋‹"์„
08:59
inside, without soil or sun.
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๋ณผ ๋•Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ดํ•จ์ด ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
And after weeks of spending time in these plant factories,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๋’ค,
09:06
I began to see it as oddly, almost perfectly natural
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์ œ์ดˆ์ œ๋Š” ์ผ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
09:10
to deliver the plants only and exactly what they need,
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์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:13
with zero herbicides and radical efficiency.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
Here again, we see innovators borrowing from,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ, ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ,
09:19
and perhaps even elevating the wisdom of natural ecosystems.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ ์žฅ์‹œํ‚จ ํ˜์‹ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:24
Developments in plant-based and alternative meats
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋Œ€์ฒด์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
are also profoundly hopeful.
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09:29
And they follow a similar trend
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ
09:31
toward local, resilient, low-carbon protein production.
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ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์› ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:36
Consumers are excited about this,
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์— ์—ด๊ด‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:38
and during the pandemic,
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์—,
09:39
we've seen a 250 percent increase
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๋Œ€์ฒด์œก์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ 250%๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
in demand for alternative meats.
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09:44
A study by the Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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์ž„์ƒ์˜์–‘ํ•™์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:46
found that the participants who were eating the plant-based proteins
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์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋จน์€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€
09:52
saw a drop in their cholesterol levels,
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์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ ,
09:55
in their weight
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์ฒด์ค‘๋„ ์ค„์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:56
and eventually, a drop in their risk of heart disease.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
The potential environmental benefits of plant-based meats are astounding.
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๋Œ€์ฒด์œก์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ด์ต๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
And there's even potential in lab-grown or cell-based meats.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋˜๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Uma Valeti fed me my first plate of lab-grown duck breast,
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์šฐ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋ฆฌ์•กํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ“ ์ˆ˜ํ™•ํ•œ
10:13
harvested fresh from a bioreactor.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์Šด์‚ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง›๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
It had been grown from a small sampling of cells
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๊ทผ์œก ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋–ผ์–ด์˜จ
10:18
taken from muscle tissue and fat and connective tissues,
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์ž‘์€ ์„ธํฌ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
which is exactly what we eat when we eat meat.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:26
This lab-grown or cell-based duck meat
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋œ, ์ฆ‰ ์„ธํฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š”
10:28
has very little threat of bacterial contamination,
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์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ ,
10:31
it's about 85 percent lower CO2 emissions associated with it.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋„ 85%๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Eventually it can be grown
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:37
like those crops inside vertical farms in decentralized facilities
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๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ง ์šด์˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ์—๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ
10:42
that aren't vulnerable to supply-chain disruptions.
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์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
Valeti started out as a cardiologist,
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
10:47
who understood that doctors have been developing
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„
10:52
human and animal tissues in laboratories for decades.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:55
He was inspired as much by that
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
10:58
as he was by a 1931 quote from Winston Churchill that says,
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1931๋…„์— ์œˆ์Šคํ„ด ์ฒ˜์น ์ด "๊ฐ€์Šด์‚ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋จน์œผ๋ ค๊ณ 
11:02
"We shall escape the absurdity of growing the whole chicken
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๋‹ญ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„
11:05
in order to eat the breast or the wing,
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๋‹ญ์˜ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋Š”
11:08
by growing them separately in suitable mediums."
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๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
Like Heraud, Valeti is a quintessential third-way thinker.
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ํ—ค๋ผ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋ฐœ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ๋„ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ 3์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
He's reimagined an old idea using new technology,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ ์ž
11:20
to usher in a solution whose time has come.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์žฌํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
11:24
I've met with dozens of farmers and entrepreneurs and engineers
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์ €๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ3์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
11:29
who emulate third-way thinking, all over the world.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋†์—…์ธ, ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
They're using modern breeding tools like CRISPR
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„๊ณผ ๋”์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์—์–ด๋ฃธ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:35
to develop nutritious heirloom crops that can withstand drought and heat.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
They're using AI to make aquaculture sustainable.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์–‘์‹์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
They're finding ways to eliminate food waste.
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๋˜, ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
They are scaling up
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋ณด์กด ๋†๋ฒ•๊ณผ
11:47
conservation agriculture and managed grazing.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ชฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋Š˜๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:50
And they're reviving ancient plants,
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ์†Œ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
11:52
and they're recycling sewage and gray water
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๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:54
to develop a drought-proof water supply.
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ํ•˜์ˆ˜์™€ ์žก๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:58
The upshot is this:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
12:00
Human innovation that marries old and new approaches to food production
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜› ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
12:05
can, and I believe, will usher in this third way
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์ œ3์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
12:09
and redefine sustainable food on a grand scale.
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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