What You Can Learn from People Who Disagree With You | Shreya Joshi | TED

302,351 views ใƒป 2022-11-08

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ํ•œ๋‚˜ ์ตœ ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:03
OK, guys, let's go back to high school.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:08
Does anyone remember that feeling
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๊ธ‰์‹์‹ค์— ์‹ํŒ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ
00:10
of walking into the school cafeteria with your tray in your hand
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์•‰์„ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„,
00:14
and not knowing where to sit?
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:17
Yeah, I see some people nodding, OK, cool.
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๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋„๋•์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋„ค์š”, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
You might have sat alone,
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์•‰์œผ์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
00:22
or perhaps more likely,
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00:25
you looked for someone who felt familiar.
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์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
You sat with a group of people that reminded you of you.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•‰์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:33
And even today, when deciding where to sit,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋„ ์–ด๋”” ์•‰์„์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•  ๋•Œ
00:36
how many of you chose to sit next to someone
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๋‹ฌ๋ผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์˜†์—
00:39
who looked or felt different from you?
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์•‰์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:43
I would bet that not many of you did that.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
I guess not much changes in some situations,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
whether you're 17 or you're 70.
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์—ด์ผ๊ณฑ์ด๋“  ์ผํ”์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
00:53
We've all likely felt this tendency to gravitate towards people who look,
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๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
00:57
think and act like us.
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๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋“ค ๋Š๊ปด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:59
It's comfortable, but it can also be harmful
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ํŽธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
because this polarization that we face today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋Š”
01:06
isn't just about believing that the other side is factually wrong.
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
01:10
We are beginning to see the other side as malevolent beings
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์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์„ ์•…์˜์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
with a hateful and hidden agenda.
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์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธด ์กด์žฌ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:17
And you can see this.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค๋“ค ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:18
You can see this in the screaming cable news pundits,
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์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋ฐฉ์†ก์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค,
01:22
the politicians who vote down bills
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค.
01:24
just because they come from the other side of the aisle.
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01:27
The hate groups that violently attack people
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์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜์˜ค ์ง‘๋‹จ.
01:30
who are different from themselves.
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01:33
When I see these things as a teenager,
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์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
01:36
I just feel so sad, so angry
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์Šฌํ”„๊ณ  ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
and so scared of this world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์—
๊ณง ์–ด๋ฅธ์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์„ญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
that I'm soon going to be entering as an adult.
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01:46
But there's something that I found in having conversations with my peers
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์—
01:51
that I think can be a path forward from all of this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
An approach that focuses on conversations
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
01:57
with the intent to listen and learn.
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01:59
Not to win and not to agree.
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์ด๊ธฐ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
02:03
So I'm a 17-year-old from Naperville, Illinois.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ์ฃผ ๋„ค์ดํผ๋นŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์—ด์ผ๊ณฑ ์‚ด์ด์—์š”.
02:07
In the summer before my sophomore year of high school,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 2ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋ฐฉํ•™์—
02:10
I attended the ACLU National Advocacy Institute's high school program
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์ €๋Š” ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด DC์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ACLU ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜
๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
in Washington, DC.
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02:15
During this program,
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š”
02:17
I had the chance to take part in a lot of different political discussions.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์น˜ ํ† ๋ก ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:21
And I remember this one conversation about the death penalty in particular.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
So back then,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ,
02:28
I wholeheartedly believed in this meaning of an eye for an eye.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๋ˆˆ์—๋Š” ๋ˆˆโ€™์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:33
That punishment should be equal to the offense because, you know,
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๋ถˆ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์€ ์ƒ์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
that's what I grew up hearing.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:38
And so I argued the same.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
I was, however, met with immediate opposition.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์–ด์š”.
02:45
My peers told me that the death penalty is state sanctioned murder
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๋™๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์‚ด์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:49
and that it reinforces the very behavior that it's trying to suppress.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
I tried arguing that the death penalty deters crime,
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์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์–ต์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด ๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ
02:57
but then my peers told me that in states without the death penalty,
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๋™๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ฃผ์—์„œ
03:01
the murder rate is actually significantly lower.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ด์ธ๋ฅ ์ด ํ™•์—ฐํžˆ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
I then tried arguing that the death penalty brings closure
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌํ˜•์ด ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
์ข…๊ฒฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
for the victim's families,
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03:10
only to be told that the length between sentencing and execution
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ๊ณ ์™€ ์ง‘ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
03:15
actually puts the victim's families through an agonizing wait period.
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ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ• ๋‹นํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:19
So by this point, I realized that this debate --
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ† ๋ก ์ด
์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Not going all that great for me.
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03:25
I realized that my perspective was inherited,
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์ œ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ณ 
03:29
and this is when I decided to stop trying to win the debate,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ ค ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
03:33
and instead I just listened.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And in the months that followed, I took it upon myself to learn more.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
03:41
I pored over articles and data
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
from sources ranging from the more liberal,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋„Œ ์ •์˜ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:45
like the Brennan Center for Justice,
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03:48
to the more conservative, like The Heritage Foundation.
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์ข€ ๋” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํ—ค๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
03:51
And I learned that historically,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:53
capital punishment has been disproportionately applied
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์‚ฌํ˜• ์„ ๊ณ ๋Š” ์œ ์ƒ‰ ์ธ์ข…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜์šฐ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
03:56
to people of color.
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03:58
And that the death penalty isnโ€™t actually proven to deter crime.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‚ฌํ˜•์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์–ต์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
04:03
Slowly, my thinking changed.
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์„œ์„œํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
And this change only happened
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์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:08
because I engaged with people who had opposing perspectives.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
You know, it's hard to break out of your own echo chamber
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์‹ค์„ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
04:16
because most of the time we don't realize that we're even in one
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๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:19
until we're out of it.
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04:21
But this was my first step.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฐœ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So shortly after this experience,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋ผ
04:27
I started a nonpartisan initiative called Project TEAL
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์ €๋Š” TEAL ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„์ •๋‹น ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
to encourage and empower high school students
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ณ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด์ฃ .
04:33
to become politically involved.
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04:35
We discuss a lot of different issues like education equity,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ต์œก ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ, ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํƒ„์••, ์ธ์ข…์  ์ •์˜ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ.
04:39
voter suppression, racial justice.
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04:41
And I've seen some amazing things happen
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
04:44
when people just talk to one another.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ €๋Š” ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Understanding and accepting of our differences.
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๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:52
I actually remember this one conversation in the summer of 2020.
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2020๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
There was a boy and a girl who were debating
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๋‚จํ•™์ƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ‘์ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ํ† ๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
the merit of the Black Lives Matter movement.
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05:01
And I remember being afraid
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์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
05:03
that their conversation would evolve into an argument.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
But it didn't.
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05:08
Instead, I learned that the girl, who is Black,
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๋Œ€์‹ , ์ €๋Š” ํ‘์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์ด
05:12
came from a family
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
05:13
that had been through a couple of rough instances with the police.
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05:16
And the boy, who was the son of a cop,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:19
came from an upbringing
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BLM ์šด๋™์€ ๊ณต๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
05:20
in which BLM was labeled as a movement in defiance of the police.
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๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์ฃ .
05:25
Later on, I was surprised to learn that, though they still didn't agree,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:30
the boy and the girl learned something
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
about the other that they didn't know before.
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05:34
And more than that, they appreciated
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๋”์šฑ์ด, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด
05:36
how it shaped the other person's unique perspective.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And this was only possible
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€
05:41
because they didn't delve into a shouting match
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:44
or call each other disrespectful names.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
And for me, this was an โ€œaha!โ€ moment.
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์ €์—๊ฒ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
I realized that we shouldn't back away from discussing polarizing issues,
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์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:54
even if it's with people who disagree with us.
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์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:57
Sure, it's uncomfortable,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ถˆํŽธํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:59
and yeah, I'd probably agree
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:01
that we don't change our minds most of the time.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
But we can better understand opposing perspectives,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
06:08
which can help us to better advocate for our own beliefs.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
And maybe, just maybe,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด, ์ •๋ง ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด
06:14
it even allows us to reach a compromise
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€ํ˜‘์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
when the situation demands it.
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06:19
So I think the question remains.
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์•„์ง ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
How can we create space for this kind of bipartisan discourse?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–‘๊ทนํ™”๋œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:27
Well, I think the first step is finding a community.
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์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
When I think back to my experience in the ACLU,
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ACLU์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด,
06:35
I think the reason we were able to have that civil discourse
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ’ˆ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:39
was because we recognized that we were a part of a greater cause.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ์ •์˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
And it's because my peers knew me,
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์ œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:45
not just as an opposing voice,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์Šˆ๋ ˆ์•ผ๋กœ์„œ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ 
06:47
but as Shreya,
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06:49
their peer, their fellow teen activist and their friend.
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๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
And when we are able to recognize what unites us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ๋•Œ
06:57
it becomes so much easier to have conversations
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
about what divides us.
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07:03
And most Americans actually validate what I have seen in practice.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
While 77 percent of American voters
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2020๋…„ ๋Œ€์„  ์ „ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž 77%๋Š”
07:09
polled before the 2020 presidential election
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07:12
said that they had just a few or no close friends
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์ƒ๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:15
who supported the other side's candidate,
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07:17
79 percent of Americans agree
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 79%๋Š”
07:20
that creating opportunities for bipartisan civil discourse
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์–‘๋‹น ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ’ˆ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:25
would be effective in reducing divisions.
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๊ท ์—ด์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Seventy-nine percent.
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79%, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ญค๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆซ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
07:29
That's pretty incredible, if you ask me.
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07:32
We all have affinity groups that we can join.
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๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ๋‹ค ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:35
Maybe it's a friend group at your place of work,
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์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ชจ์ž„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
07:38
a book club at the local library or the PTA at your kid's school.
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๋™๋„ค ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ์˜ ๋…์„œ ๋ชจ์ž„์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„, ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจํšŒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ๋ญ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—,
07:43
Whatever this group is,
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07:44
try to have an uncomfortable conversation with them at least once a week.
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์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:50
Now, OK, what exactly constitutes as uncomfortable?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:54
I would say that's really up for you to decide.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
07:57
It can be about politics, sure.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ •์น˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Or it can be about a different topic entirely,
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๋˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
08:03
like religion or identity.
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์ข…๊ต๋‚˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:06
Whatever this topic may be,
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—,
08:08
just talk about something thatโ€™s uncomfortable, unconventional
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:12
and meaningful to you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ์š”.
08:14
And most importantly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:15
do it with the intent to listen and learn,
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08:18
not to win and not to agree.
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์ด๊ธฐ๋ ค ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
08:21
And you know, another tip.
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์กฐ์–ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด ๋†“์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:23
Make sure to stay off of your phone for this conversation.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:27
Yeah.
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๋„ค.
08:29
You know, as someone who's pretty much obsessed with TikTok,
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ํ‹ฑํ†ก์— ํ‘น ๋น ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
08:32
I completely understand how addicting social media can be.
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SNS๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋…์ ์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Believe me.
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์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋ฏฟ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
08:37
But by discussing polarizing issues online,
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์–‘๊ทนํ™” ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด
08:40
we lose that person-to-person connection
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
that really humanizes opposing perspectives,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
08:46
that allows us to see and empathize with one another.
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์„œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
08:50
Because by having these conversations,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:53
you will gain insight into people who think differently than you do.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
And who knows, maybe you'll convince someone
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ž–์•„์š”,
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ• ์ง€๋„์š”.
08:59
of a belief that you hold dearly,
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09:01
or maybe you'll even be moved to reconsider your own viewpoint.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํ”๋“ค๋ ค์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
09:07
In a month's time, I'm going to be graduating from high school.
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„, ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์—…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:15
Over the past four years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 4๋…„๊ฐ„,
09:16
Iโ€™ve learned a lot about creating positive discourse,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์ง€๋งŒ
09:19
but Iโ€™m still scared of this polarization,
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์•„์ง ์–‘๊ทนํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:23
this growing unwillingness to view those who politically disagree with us
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์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
as human.
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09:29
Honestly, it's a little overwhelming
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
09:31
to think that I'm soon going to enter this reality
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๊ณง ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด
09:34
where I'll be confronted with this division.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฒ„๊ฒ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
09:38
Where Iโ€™ll be stereotyped and judged by my ideology, my identity
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์ง„์งœ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
์ œ ์‹ ๋…, ์ œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:42
and my way of thinking by people who don't even know the real me.
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ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ์ƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
As a teenager, it's a lot.
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์‹ญ ๋Œ€๋กœ์„œ ํฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And I know that many of my fellow Gen Zers feel the exact same way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ z ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:56
And this is precisely why addressing this polarization crisis is so urgent
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–‘๊ทนํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:02
and demands action from all of us.
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์ €ํฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:05
Just for one moment,
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์ž ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ธ‰์‹์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:07
go back to that high school cafeteria,
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10:09
But this time you sit down with that other crowd.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์• ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
The kids who didn't look or think like you do.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
10:18
And just imagine what you could have learned.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:21
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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