How farming could employ Africa's young workforce -- and help build peace | Kola Masha

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2018-08-07 ใƒป TED


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How farming could employ Africa's young workforce -- and help build peace | Kola Masha

40,494 views ใƒป 2018-08-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kidong Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Since 1997, researchers at the University of Sussex
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1997๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„œ์„น์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์€
00:17
have monitored global trends in armed conflict.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Their research clearly shows
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
00:25
that in Africa, over the last 10 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜
00:28
armed conflict has gone up by sevenfold.
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๋ฌด๋ ฅ๋ถ„์Ÿ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด 7๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Let's think about that:
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
sevenfold in a single decade.
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๋‹จ 10๋…„ ๋งŒ์— 7๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Why is this?
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
00:42
We believe, as oxygen is to fire,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฐ๋ถˆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋“ฏ์ด
00:46
so are unemployed youth to insecurity.
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์ฒญ๋…„์‹ค์—…์ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
We have a lot of youth on this continent.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Youth like Sandra,
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์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ผ๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
00:57
who, on a Saturday morning in March 2014,
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2014๋…„ 3์›” ์–ด๋Š ํ† ์š”์ผ ์ด๋ฅธ ์•„์นจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
01:02
woke up excited at the prospects of getting a coveted job
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํƒ๋‚ผ๋งŒํ•œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ค๋ ˜์— ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
at the Nigerian Immigration Services.
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ด๋ฏผ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:10
She kissed her daughter goodbye,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋ณ„ ํ‚ค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:13
left her home,
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์ง‘์„ ๋‚˜์„  ํ›„
01:15
never to return.
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Sandra and 15 other young Nigerians died that day, applying for a job,
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์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ผ์™€ 15๋ช…์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋‚  ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
in the ensuing stampede,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊น”๋ ค ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:27
as tens of thousands of people applied for a few thousand open positions.
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๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ช‡์ฒœ ๋ช… ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
In the last 20 years, 20 million youth have entered the Nigerian workforce alone.
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ธ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋งŒ 2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ์œ ์ž…๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Today, half our population is under the age of 18.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด 18์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
That's almost 80 million people
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8์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด
01:55
that will be entering the workforce in the next 20 years.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ธ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:01
My friends,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
02:03
if a wave of 20 million people entering the workforce
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2์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋Œ€๊ฑฐ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:08
triggered Niger Delta crisis,
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๋‹ˆ์ œ๋ฅด ๋ธํƒ€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ,
02:11
Fulani herdsmen crisis
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ํ”Œ๋ผ๋‹ˆ์กฑ ๋ชฉ๋™ ์ฐธ๋ณ€๊ณผ
02:14
and Boko Haram,
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๋ณด์ฝ”ํ•˜๋žŒ ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:16
I ask you:
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:18
What will four times that number do?
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๊ทธ 4๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
02:23
To do my part to solve this challenge,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž
02:26
in 2012, I moved to a small village in northern Nigeria,
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2012๋…„์— ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
in the center of the area most recently hit
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ์™€ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ํญ๊ฒฉ์‚ฌํƒœ,
02:37
by the spread of insecurity, brutal bombings and searing poverty,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:43
with an idea:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:46
Could we create an economic buffer to halt the spread of this insecurity,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์—ด ์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:53
by unlocking the power of agriculture as a job-creation engine?
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๋†์—…์„ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์˜ ๋™๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ?
02:58
We knew this had been done before in countries like Thailand,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํƒœ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
where, in 1980, they suffered from the same economic challenges as us.
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1980๋Œ€์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ฃ .
03:07
Today, however, Thailand produces two million cars a year --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํƒœ๊ตญ์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
more than the United Kingdom --
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์˜๊ตญ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ์ฃ .
03:15
with over 30 percent of its workforce
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 30%๊ฐ€
03:18
as highly commercial, profitable small farmers,
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์‚ฌ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž์ž‘๋†์ด๋ฉฐ
03:22
with an unemployment rate of less than one percent.
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์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์€ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
How did they do this?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:31
In the 80s, Thailand dramatically improved the productivity of its small farmers,
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80๋…„๋Œ€ ํƒœ๊ตญ์€ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž์ž‘๋†๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
ensuring that it was able to start to dominate
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๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:44
export markets for produce.
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03:47
Building on this strength, they attracted investment
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:49
and started to process,
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์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:52
being able to export higher-value products like starch from cassava.
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์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ” ์ „๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Finally, coupled with investment in education,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ต์œก์— ํˆฌ์žํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:00
they started to expand to even higher-value manufacturing.
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๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:06
To make our idea a reality and follow a path similar to Thailand,
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์ €ํฌ๋„ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒœ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด
04:12
we knew that we would have to sell young farmers on farming.
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์ Š์€์ธต์ด ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
A young man in northern Nigeria,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:22
for the purpose of today's discussion, we'll call "Saminu,"
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” "์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
made it very clear to me that this would not be easy.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€ ์ฒญ๋…„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:31
Saminu grew up in a beautiful village in northern Nigeria.
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์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ
04:35
And he tells wondrous stories of playing for hours with his friends,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
running up and down the beautiful rock formations
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋˜ ๋™๋„ค๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์•”์„์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:42
that dot the countryside around his home.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•œ์ฐธ์„ ๋›ฐ๋†€๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Despite this beauty, Saminu knew
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„๋Š” ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ณณ์„
04:48
that the first chance he got, he would leave.
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์ผ๋‹จ ๋– ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
He did not want to be a farmer.
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๋†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:55
Growing up, he saw his parents work so hard as farmers,
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๋†์‚ฌ๊พผ์ธ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ด๋„
05:00
but barely get by.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋งŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:03
As he says, they had "babu" -- nothing.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง๋Œ€๋กœ "babu", ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Young farmers like Saminu
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์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ Š์€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€
05:15
do not have access to the cash
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
05:18
to buy the farming products to pair with their hard work
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋†์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋†๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋งŒํ•œ ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
to be successful.
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05:26
When their meager harvest came in,
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์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ ์€๋ฐ
05:28
desperate for cash, they would sell most of it at fire-sale prices,
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๊ธ‰์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋งˆ์ €๋„ ํ—๊ฐ’์— ํŒ”์•„์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:33
when, if they could just wait six months, they could get 50 percent more.
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6๊ฐœ์›”๋งŒ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด 50% ๋” ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
05:38
Hence, Saminu left to the city,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
05:44
where he soon realized that life was not easy.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋งŒ๋งŒ์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
He borrowed a very old motorcycle,
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์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด ํƒ์‹œ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
05:52
with tires that were more patches than tires,
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๋•Œ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ€์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ
05:55
to become a motorcycle taxi driver.
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๋‚ก์€ ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ๋Œ€์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:59
He lived in constant fear every day
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๋งค์ผ ๊ฑฑ์ •๊ณผ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
06:03
that his precious, tattered motorcycle would be ripped away from him,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ก์€ ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„๊นŒ๋ด ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
06:07
as it had before.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
06:11
But he got it back, thankfully.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
He knew of others, however, who were not so lucky --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์šด์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:19
other young men who, once they'd lost their motorcycles,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€
06:22
became destitute.
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๊ทน๋นˆ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:25
Angry, these young men set out to wreak vengeance
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๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ์ฐฌ ์ด ์ Š์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
on a society that they believed had turned its back on them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:34
Saminu told me that they joined insurgent groups,
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์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:40
often acting as getaway drivers in bombings and kidnappings.
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ํญํƒ„ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฉ์น˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋„์ฃผ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
To end this cycle of insecurity,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:50
we must make farming a viable choice.
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๋†์—…์„ ์ƒ์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
We must ensure that these young men, on their small farms,
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์ด ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ๋„
06:57
can earn enough money to make a life for themselves;
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์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•  ๋ชฉ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
07:01
to make a future.
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ํ™•์‹ ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
The question now is how.
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๊ด€๊ฑด์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Recognizing that Africa has grassroot-level leadership,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜์ œ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด
07:10
we simply developed a model
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
to bring the professional management and investment to scale
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ „์ˆ˜์™€ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ
07:16
to these grassroot leaders.
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์ด ์ž์น˜์žฅ๋“ค ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:20
We called it "Babban Gona" -- "great farm" in Hausa.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ "Babban Gona", ํ•˜์šฐ์‚ฌ์–ด๋กœ "์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†์žฅ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Upon reaching the village in 2012,
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2012๋…„์— ๋งˆ์„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
07:31
I traveled from community to community,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋™๋„ค, ์ € ๋™๋„ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
07:33
trying to convince people of our idea,
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์ €ํฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:38
trying to recruit farmer members.
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๋†๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:43
We failed woefully that first year,
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๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋„์ „์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐธ๋‹ดํ•œ ์‹คํŒจ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
barely recruiting 100 brave souls.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 100๋ช… ์ •๋„๋งŒ์ด ๋™์ฐธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:51
But we persevered.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We kept doing what we promised,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:56
slowly we gained their trust.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
More farmers joined us.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:04
Fast-forward now five years.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ
08:06
With a passionate and committed team
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์ €ํฌ ํŒ€์›๋“ค์˜ ์—ด์ •๊ณผ ํ—Œ์‹ 
08:10
and the tremendous support of our partners,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ „ํญ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
08:14
we grew dramatically,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ผ๊ถœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
today, serving 20,000 small farmers,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:21
enabling them to double their yields and triple their net income
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™•๋Ÿ‰์€ 2๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋Š˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:28
relative to their peers.
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์ˆ˜์ต์€ 3๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
We are very proud of the fact --
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:33
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:38
Fast-forward three years,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
08:40
Saminu has earned enough money
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์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
to buy three goats for his mother to start a goat-rearing business,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—ผ์†Œ๋†์žฅ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์—ผ์†Œ 3๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:47
owns his own retail store
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:50
and bought not one, but two motorcycles,
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์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‘ ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:55
with vanity license plates: "Babban Gona."
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๋ฒˆํ˜ธํŒ์—"Babban Gona" ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์˜คํ† ๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ์š”.
08:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:04
My friends,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„
09:07
in the next 20 years,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:09
over 400 million Saminus are entering the African workforce,
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์‚ฌ๋ฏธ๋ˆ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒญ๋…„ 4์–ต ๋ช…์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
with potentially half of them having opportunities in agriculture.
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์ด์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์ฃ .
09:19
To unlock these opportunities, through models similar to ours,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋†์—…์— ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด
09:24
they would require 150 billion dollars a year in financing.
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๋งค๋…„ 1,500๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
This is a big number.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฐ ์•ก์ˆ˜์ฃ .
09:34
But if we can tap into commercial debt, it is a small number --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํฐ ์•ก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
only 0.1 percent of all the debt in the world today,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ 0.1%๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:43
10 cents out of every 100 dollars.
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100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‹น 10์„ผํŠธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ฃ .
09:47
This is why we designed our model
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
09:49
to be very different from conventional agricultural development programs.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋†์—…๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
In a few short years, we have shown that our model works,
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ†ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:58
is high-impact and can turn a profit,
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:02
attracting commercial investors
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
that do not typically invest in small farmers in Africa.
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ž์ž‘๋†์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
10:09
Imagine a world where millions of young men across Africa,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ,
10:15
hardworking young men,
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์ด ์„ฑ์‹คํ•œ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:17
have other options.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”.
10:19
I know these driven, ambitious young men
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ด ์˜์š• ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ , ๊ฟˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฒญ๋…„๋“ค์€
10:26
will make the right choice.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
We can realize this dream
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๋” ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
if they have a choice.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
10:41
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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