Jim Hagemann Snabe: Dreams and details for a decarbonized future | TED Countdown

30,150 views ใƒป 2022-02-22

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Nelly Freid ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:08
A few months ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
00:10
my daughter asked me a very simple question:
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ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:
00:13
โ€œWho are your heroes, dad?โ€
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โ€œืžื™ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš, ืื‘ื?โ€
00:16
I said, "Well, besides my father ..."
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ืืžืจืชื™, โ€œื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื‘ื ืฉืœื™...โ€
00:18
hoping she would get the hint.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืžื–.
00:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:22
One of my big heroes is Malcom McLean.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืœืงื•ื ืžืงืœื™ืŸ.
00:26
I realize that Malcom McLean is not really known on social media today,
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืœืงื•ื ืžืงืœื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:32
but, in 1955, McLean invented a metal box that changed the world:
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ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 1955, ืžืงืœื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืงื•ืคืกืช ืžืชื›ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื:
00:39
the shipping container.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ืœื”.
00:41
That invention reduced the costs of shipping cargo
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆืžืฆืžื” ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื
00:46
by more than 90 percent,
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ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90 ืื—ื•ื–,
00:48
and as a consequence ...
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš...
00:51
global trade increased 200 times
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ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื’ื“ืœ ืคื™ 200
00:53
and lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty
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ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื ื™
00:57
by connecting them and their goods to global markets
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจืชื ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื
01:00
at very, very low cost.
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ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
01:03
I'm sure McLean's invention started with a big dream
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžืงืœื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื—ืœื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ
01:06
to transform the transportation industry,
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
01:10
and I know it took a lot of attention to details
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื
01:14
to change all of the equipment
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“
01:16
of all of the transportation companies worldwide
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:19
to benefit from this container.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:22
To me, that is what leadership is all about.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช.
01:27
Dreams that inspire people to pursue opportunities that may seem impossible --
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ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช --
01:33
and details.
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ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
01:34
Because without attention to the details,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื,
01:37
the dream will just stay a dream.
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ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ืœื•ื.
01:40
McLean's dream was to transform the cargo transportation industry
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ื”ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืงืœื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื
01:46
by making it affordable.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื”.
01:48
It is time to transform it again.
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
01:52
We urgently need to make it sustainable.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื.
01:56
More than 9 percent of CO2 emissions globally
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-9 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช CO2 ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:59
come from transporting goods around the world.
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ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
02:03
So what is the dream?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื—ืœื•ื?
02:06
In 2018, the management team of A.P. Moller - Maersk,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018, ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ A.P. Moller - Maersk,
02:11
the global shipping company I lead as a chairman,
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื™ื•โ€œืจ,
02:14
made a commitment to make the company carbon-neutral by 2050.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2050.
02:20
For some people, 2050 sounded like a long time into the future,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, 2050 ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืจื—ื•ืง,
02:24
but in fact,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”,
02:26
this was a very ambitious dream for a shipping company.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช.
02:30
To be carbon-neutral by 2050,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ืขื“ 2050,
02:32
we needed to invent a zero-carbon container vessel
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืขื ืืคืก ืคื—ืžืŸ
02:36
by 2030.
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ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2030.
02:38
Because then, it would take roughly 20 years
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ื›ื™ ืื–, ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืฉื ื”
02:40
to replace all of the 750 vessels that we operate.
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ 750 ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื.
02:45
So the dream was truly big and really inspiring.
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžืžืฉ.
02:51
But to be honest,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช,
02:53
in 2018, we did not know how to do this.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018, ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
02:58
We had to work hard on the details.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
03:02
Now at that time, we had already focused a lot of attention
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืžืฅ
03:05
on reducing CO2 emissions from shipping.
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ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืกืคื ื•ืช.
03:08
In fact, we had achieved more than 40 percent reduction
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืคื—ืชื”
03:11
per container moved
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื”
03:12
since 2008.
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ืžืื– 2008.
03:15
That was done by building bigger and more efficient vessels,
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:19
and by slow steaming,
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื˜ื™,
03:21
which means sailing the vessel slower so it consumes less fuel.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฆื•ืจื›ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ืœืง.
03:27
But we were reaching the limit.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืงืฆื”.
03:30
Obviously, you could sail so slow that you don't sail at all,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืื˜ ืฉืœื ืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
03:34
and you would save all of the CO2 emissions.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ.
03:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:37
But that didn't seem like a good solution.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:40
Now some of the first humans who sailed the big oceans,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
03:45
the people from Polynesia,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื”,
03:47
had figured out zero-carbon shipping by using sails,
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ื‘ืฆืขื• ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืคืก ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืคืจืฉื™ื,
03:51
and it is true that sails can reduce the fuel consumption somewhat,
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ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
03:56
but it cannot deliver on the efficiency
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
03:58
and accuracy needed in today's global supply chains.
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ืืกืคืงื” โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:03
Another alternative is batteries.
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ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช.
04:06
But for the large vessels sailing the big oceans,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
04:09
the batteries would take up 60 percent of the capacity of the vessel.
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ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืคืกื•ืช 60 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืœื™.
04:14
Some shipping companies started ordering vessels based on LNG,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก LNG,
04:19
liquid natural gas.
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ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื ื•ื–ืœื™.
04:21
LNG is a fossil fuel,
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LNG ื”ื•ื ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
04:24
and it will never lead to zero-carbon shipping.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืืคืก ืคื—ืžืŸ.
04:28
Slow steaming, sails, batteries, LNG --
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ืงื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื˜ื™, ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช, LNG --
04:31
none of it would make us be carbon-neutral.
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ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ.
04:35
So what else?
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ืื– ืžื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”?
04:37
Well, we knew we had to look for other solutions,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:41
and we realized we couldn't do it alone.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื“.
04:45
To help us find a solution,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ,
04:46
our main shareholder, the A.P. Moller Foundation,
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ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืงืจืŸ ื.ืค. ืžื•ืœืจ,
04:50
donated 400 million Danish krone
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ืชืจืžื” 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื ื™ื•ืช
04:52
to create a global center for zero-carbon shipping in Copenhagen.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื– ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืืคืก ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ.
04:58
That center would bring together companies and specialists
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ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื–ื” ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื
05:02
from all over the world, not just from the transportation industry,
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ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ืจืง ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”,
05:06
but also from energy, from chemicals and engineering.
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ืืœื” ื’ื ืžืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื”.
05:11
And now, less than three years after our big dream,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื•,
05:16
we have found the solution.
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
05:19
It is called "power-to-X."
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื โ€œpower-to-Xโ€.
05:21
Now power-to-X is not a new technology, nor did we invent it.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• power-to-X ื”ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื”.
05:25
It is a combination of known chemical processes
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื
05:29
to convert green electricity to green fuel.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืœื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง.
05:34
First, you convert the green electricity from solar or wind to green hydrogen.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืžื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ืื• ืจื•ื— ืœืžื™ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืง.
05:40
That is done through electrolysis.
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื–ื”.
05:43
And then, the green hydrogen
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ื•ืื–, ื”ืžื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง
05:44
can be converted to various types of green fuels
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืจื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื
05:47
through chemical processes.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
05:50
The benefit of power-to-X
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ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ power-to-X
05:53
is that it produces a green fuel that is liquid at normal temperature
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”
05:58
and can be used in a combustion engine.
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืจื”.
06:02
So instead of spending 20 years to replace all of our 750 vessels
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– 20 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ 750 ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
06:07
and create a big pile of waste,
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืจื™ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช,
06:09
we believe we can retrofit existing vessels
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
06:13
by adding a combustion engine designed for green fuel,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง,
06:17
and with that, achieve zero-carbon shipping
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ื•ื›ืš, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืืคืก ืคื—ืžืŸ
06:21
much, much earlier.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ื“ื.
06:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:31
On top of that, power-to-X is actually a very nice solution
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ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, power-to-X ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื•ื“
06:35
for one of the biggest problems in renewable energy systems:
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ืœืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช:
06:38
the storage problem.
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ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ.
06:40
When there's too much wind and sun,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉืžืฉ,
06:42
you can convert the unused electricity to a liquid green fuel
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง ื ื•ื–ืœื™
06:46
that can be used in many different industries.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
06:50
So what are the challenges?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื?
06:54
Well, I often hear the same concern when it comes to sustainability.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื“ืื’ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
06:59
"Can we afford it?"
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โ€œื–ื” ืœื ื™ืงืจ ืžื“ื™?โ€
07:02
And yes, it is true that this green fuel
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืœืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื”ื–ื”
07:04
is more expensive than the bunker fuel we use today.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
07:07
In fact, it is two to three times more expensive
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืงืจ
07:11
with current technology.
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ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:13
Like always, we need to scale these solutions
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ื›ืžื• ืชืžื™ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
07:17
to get the cost down.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช.
07:19
But even if the green fuel
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ื™ืจื•ืง
07:21
would be two times more expensive than the bunker fuel ...
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ืงืจ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื...
07:26
It should not be a showstopper, come on.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช.
07:29
Even at that price, a pair of sneakers,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื•ื’ ื ืขืœื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜,
07:33
transported from Asia to the US or Europe,
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ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžืืกื™ื” ืœืืจื”โ€œื‘ ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
07:37
would only cost five cents more.
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ื™ืขืœื” ืจืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกื ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:41
So for me,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
07:43
the argument around affordability is just a bad excuse
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ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืจืข
07:47
for not making the necessary decisions and investments.
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช.
07:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:58
And if we had a price on CO2,
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืœ CO2,
08:01
let's say around 150 dollars,
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ื ื ื™ื— ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 150 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
08:04
the affordability argument would disappear.
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ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื ืขืœื.
08:07
I urge governments to show leadership
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
08:11
and implement a global price on CO2 now.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขืœ CO2 ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:22
Because with that,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืš,
08:23
we could focus all of our attention on the real issue,
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
08:27
which is not the price, but the scale.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืืœื ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”.
08:32
At Maersk, I asked the following question:
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ื‘ืžืืจืกืง ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”:
08:35
"How much green electricity do we need to fuel all of our 750 vessels
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โ€œื›ืžื” ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื“ืœืง ืืช ื›ืœ 750 ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•
08:40
with green fuel?"
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ืขื ื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง?โ€
08:42
Our fleet today consumes 10 million tonnes of bunker oil.
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ื”ืฆื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง.
08:47
To replace that with green fuel,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง,
08:50
we estimate that we need 220,000 gigawatt-hours
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ืื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื 220,000 ื’โ€™ื™ื’ื” ื•ื•ืื˜-ืฉืขื”
08:54
of green electricity.
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ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ืจื•ืง.
08:56
That is the equivalent of 10 percent
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœ-10 ืื—ื•ื–
08:59
of the installed base of solar and wind in 2019.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืจื•ื— ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019.
09:05
And Maersk is 20 percent of the cargo shipping industry.
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ื•ืžืืจืกืง ื”ื™ื 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื.
09:09
So to fuel the cargo shipping industry alone
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื“ืœืง ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืœื‘ื“ื”
09:12
would consume 50 percent of the entire installed base of green electricity.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื 50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:18
And that's just cargo shipping.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื.
09:22
In other words,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
09:23
we need a dramatic, exponential scale of installations
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช
09:28
of solar, of wind, of hydrogen production, of green fuel production,
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ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืฉืžืฉ, ืžืจื•ื—, ืžืžื™ืžืŸ, ื•ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง,
09:33
to solve this problem.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
09:35
We estimate that the total investment
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ืื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืกืš ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”
09:38
will be in the neighborhood of two trillion dollars,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
09:41
which, granted, is a lot of money.
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ืฉื–ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
09:44
But actually,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”,
09:45
it is the equivalent of four years of capital expenditure
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ
09:49
in the oil and gas industry today.
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ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ื•ื”ื’ื– ื›ื™ื•ื.
09:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:56
I predict that for the next 10 years,
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ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ืฉื‘-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
10:00
the demand for green fuel will be significantly higher than the supply.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื”ื”ื™ืฆืข.
10:07
Isn't that wonderful?
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ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืคืœื?
10:09
Higher demand and supply normally means great business opportunities
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ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆืข ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช
10:13
for everyone who chooses to participate,
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ,
10:17
and it proves one of my key assumptions in today's world:
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื:
10:20
it has become good business to invest in sustainable solutions.
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื”ืคืš ืœืขืกืง ืžืฉืชืœื.
10:26
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:30
My conclusion is very simple.
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
10:33
We have the technologies needed to create a sustainable future.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
10:36
What we need is leadership,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
10:39
leadership to get us there faster.
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ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:42
On the first of July, 2021,
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ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ืœื™ 2021,
10:46
Maersk ordered the first vessel designed for green fuel.
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ืžืืจืกืง ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง.
10:49
It will be delivered in 2023.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืžืกืจ ื‘-2023.
10:53
Only two months later, we ordered another eight large vessels
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ืจืง ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
10:56
and made our first investments in green fuel production.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืœืง ื™ืจื•ืง.
11:00
What seemed to be an impossible dream only three years ago
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ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื
11:04
is becoming reality now,
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
11:06
seven years ahead of the original plan.
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ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช.
11:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:15
This is a leadership moment.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืข ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื™.
11:18
It is time for us to pursue big dreams,
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
11:21
even if they seem impossible.
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ื’ื ืื ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
11:25
And it is time for us to collaborate around the critical details
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
11:29
so we get to a sustainable future much, much faster.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ.
11:34
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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