The Magical, Mesmerizing Migration of Monarch Butterflies | Jaime Rojo | TED

40,568 views ใƒป 2024-10-21

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz
00:04
Few insects have captured our imagination like the monarch butterfly.
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ื—ืจืงื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืชืคืกื• ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืคืจืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš.
00:08
Their migration is one of the most iconic wildlife spectacles in North America,
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืžื•ืคืขื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
00:14
but they are also one of the best environmental indicators we have
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ืืš ื”ื ื’ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
00:18
of the health of our ecosystems.
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ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
00:20
And they have been in decline for the last 40 years.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 40 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
00:24
So they might be telling us a bigger story.
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:27
A story about our relationship with the natural world.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
00:31
Every year, these amazing insects
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ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื—ืจืงื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”
00:33
undertake one of the most extraordinary journeys on this planet.
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ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืกืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:38
It takes from three to five generations of monarchs
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื
00:41
to complete the whole migration.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื”.
00:44
And it starts in Mexico in the spring,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘,
00:46
when the monarchs that spend the winter there
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ
00:50
travel back north to lay their eggs.
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ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืฆืคื•ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”ื.
00:53
So the first and second generation of monarchs
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ืื– ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื
00:56
are born and remain in the USA,
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ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืืจื”โ€œื‘,
00:58
and they live up to six weeks, more or less.
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:01
But most migratory monarchs belong to the third and fourth generation,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
01:07
and they emerge in the late summer, early fall
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืชื™ื•
01:09
when the days start to get shorter
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฆืจ
01:12
and it's cooler and they feel it
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ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืงืจื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
01:14
and they undergo a hormonal change in their bodies called the diapause.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื ื”ื ืงืจื ื“ื™ืืคืื•ื–ื”.
01:18
And this puts their mating instinct on hold.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื”ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื”.
01:22
And they live longer then.
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื–.
01:24
This super generation will live up to nine months.
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ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืขืœ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื” ืขื“ ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:29
And they will complete the trip to Mexico,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
01:31
3,000 miles to a place where they have never been before.
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4828 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
01:36
Because remember, they are the great granddaughters
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ื›ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•, ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
01:39
of the butterflies that left in the spring.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘.
01:41
How they do it, how they find the exact same location remains a mystery,
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืชืขืœื•ืžื”,
01:46
especially if we consider that the sanctuaries,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื ื™ืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงืœื˜ื™ื,
01:49
the forests they are looking for
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ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื
01:50
are located only on 12 isolated mountaintops
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ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ 12 ืคืกื’ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
01:53
in central Mexico,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
01:55
and these are the perfect conditions for the monarchs.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื.
01:58
It is cool and moist in high elevations.
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ื”ื ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
02:02
But for years scientists have been trying to answer the same question:
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื”:
02:06
how do they exactly find their way?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื?
02:09
There are many hypotheses.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
02:11
Some say it has to do with geomagnetism.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ื™ืื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
02:14
There are evidences that they use visual cues from the landscape.
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžื–ื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื•ืฃ.
02:17
You know, the ridges of the mountains.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืจื›ืกื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื.
02:19
There's even theories about the odor of the pheromones of previous butterflies
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ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื™ื— ื”ืคืจื•ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื
02:23
that were there the year before.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืฉื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
02:26
But the truth is that we don't know exactly.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
02:28
And they are continually actively researching this topic.
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
02:33
Physiologist Christine Merlin discovered that the monarchs use their antennae
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ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืจืœื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
02:37
as part of a very sophisticated solar compass.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฆืคืŸ ืกื•ืœืืจื™ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ืžืื•ื“.
02:41
And researchers from the University of Iowa
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ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื™ื•ื•ื”
02:44
are using this radio tracker
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืฉืฉ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ื–ื”
02:46
to monitor the short-range movement of the monarchs when they feed.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื.
02:50
But this thing, as you can imagine, is very cumbersome.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœ ืžืื•ื“.
02:53
You cannot track the long-distance migration of a monarch with this.
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ืจืš ืขื ื–ื”.
02:57
Until recently.
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ืขื“ ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ.
02:59
A team from University of Michigan is developing
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ืžืคืชื—
03:02
what promises to be a breakthrough technology:
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš:
03:04
an ultra-light sensor
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ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ืงืœ
03:05
that, combined with an algorithm,
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ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื
03:07
will, for the first time, be able to track
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ, ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ
03:10
the single path of one monarch
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ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ืจืš ืื—ื“
03:12
when they make it to Mexico, which is very exciting.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉ.
03:15
But often for these complex problems,
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ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื”,
03:18
the best and most efficient solutions are the simplest ones.
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ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:21
We have been tagging monarchs for 30 years.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ 30 ืฉื ื”.
03:24
We use these stickers that are very light,
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืงืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“,
03:27
and they contain coded information and information about their origin.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื.
03:33
And this is how we discovered
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•
03:34
where the monarchs were spending the winter in the '70s.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -70.
03:38
And today, it continues to be one
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช
03:40
of the most popular environmental education [activities] in North America,
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
03:44
with volunteers having tagged more than two million butterflies in 30 years.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื’ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื‘ -30 ืฉื ื”.
03:49
Now all these challenges that we face to track the monarchs
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ื›ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื
03:53
are nothing if we compare them
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ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื
03:55
to what the monarchs themselves have to face
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ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
03:58
throughout their long journey,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืกืขื ื”ืืจื•ืš,
04:00
especially starting in the prairies of North America,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
04:06
or at least what is left of them.
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžื”ื.
04:08
Because every year we are losing one million acres of prairie
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ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื›- 4000 ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื”
04:13
being transformed into land development and agricultural fields.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงืจืงืข ื•ืฉื“ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื.
04:17
And in the '90s, this problem got worse
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -90, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื”
04:19
because the widespread use of herbicides combined with genetically modified crops
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืœื™ ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื•ื ื“ืกื™ื ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
04:24
created a new problem.
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ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
04:25
They basically wiped out the native grasses from the fields,
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื—ืงื• ืืช ื”ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื“ื•ืช,
04:29
including the milkweed.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืฉื‘ ื”ื—ืœื‘.
04:31
And the milkweed is the host plant of the monarchs.
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ื•ืขืฉื‘ ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ืžืืจื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื.
04:33
That means they need it to lay their eggs and to feed their hungry caterpillars.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ื—ืœื™ื ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:38
Without milkweed, the monarch population started to collapse.
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ืœืœื ืขืฉื‘ ื—ืœื‘, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜.
04:44
Now our monarchs will continue their journey south,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืกืขื ื“ืจื•ืžื”,
04:46
and they will have to face new threats,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
04:49
like roadkill that kills three percent of monarchs every year,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”,
04:53
or even light pollution from big cities that confuses them,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืžืขืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื,
04:56
it alters their patterns of sleep.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
04:59
But they will endure and eventually will reach Mexico.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืžืขืžื“ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
05:02
Aha, a last surprise, deforestation.
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ืื”ื”, ื”ืคืชืขื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
05:06
Deforestation makes them more vulnerable to climate change.
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ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื.
05:10
And as many of you know, climate change has many faces:
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช:
05:13
droughts, heat waves
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช, ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื
05:15
or even snowstorms, like the one you are seeing in this picture,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื’, ื›ืžื• ื–ื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•,
05:18
have become the major challenge for the monarchs in the short term.
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ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืืชื’ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ.
05:24
So I have to ask you
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื
05:25
don't let this beautiful illusion of plenty fool you,
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ืœื ืœืชืช ืœืืฉืœื™ื” ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืชื›ื,
05:29
because the monarchs are in serious trouble.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
05:33
But there's also good news,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
05:34
there's many people trying to protect them.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
05:38
Working with the local communities in Mexico
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•
05:40
has been essential to control the deforestation rates.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
05:44
Farmers are working with conservationists,
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ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ,
05:46
and they are using drones
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื
05:48
to analyze vast tracts of fields in search of milkweed.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืชื— ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืขืฉื‘ ื—ืœื‘.
05:54
Because the science is very clear,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“,
05:56
all the monarchs need is their habitat back.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
05:59
And we can do that by planting milkweed
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ืœืช ืขืฉื‘ ื—ืœื‘
06:01
and by planting native grasses with flowers.
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ืœืช ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ืคืจื—ื™ื.
06:04
That's why thousands of citizens along the migratory route
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืœืคื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื”
06:09
are turning their backyards into habitat for the monarchs.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืœืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื.
06:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:17
Even small parks in big cities like Chicago can help,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืืจืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ,
06:21
because these are like gas stations,
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ื›ื™ ืืœื” ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื“ืœืง,
06:24
pit stops for the monarchs when they travel.
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ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื.
06:26
And as you can imagine, farmers play an essential part.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™.
06:29
These strips that you see in the picture are called prairie strips
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ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ืงืจืื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื”
06:33
and are strategically located into areas of the field to attract pollinators.
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ื•ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืžืื‘ื™ืงื™ื.
06:38
But they also protect the soil and conserve the water,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืžื’ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื,
06:42
so they benefit the farming.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช.
06:45
And all I can say is they work
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
06:47
because the only pair of mating monarchs
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ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื
06:50
that I was able to photograph during this story
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฆืœื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
06:53
was during a visit to one of these prairie strips in Iowa.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื•ื•ื”.
06:57
It will be the offspring of these butterflies
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ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืคืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
07:00
that in subsequent generations will complete the cycle
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ
07:03
and make it back to Mexico.
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ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
07:05
And here they will be receiving high honors.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
07:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:09
For the Mazahua people in Mexico,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ืžื–ืื”ื•ืื” ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
07:13
the monarchs are the souls of their ancestors,
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ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื,
07:16
and the day of the Dead on November 1, honors this tradition.
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ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ -1 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื•.
07:19
And as you can see,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
07:20
monarchs have become the undisputed pop icon
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ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืค ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจืขืจ
07:23
of this celebration.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื–ื•.
07:26
Now our monarchs now continue their life cycle in an alien world.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื–ืจ.
07:31
Everything is different for them.
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ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
07:32
They have never been here, they are tired,
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ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื,
07:34
they huddle together.
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ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ื•ืคืคื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
07:36
So the first days of the season they are really vulnerable.
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ืื– ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
07:40
(Video) I have spent the last 10 days doing the same thing in the mornings.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช 10 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจื™ื.
07:45
They are getting so close to the branches I want.
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ื”ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืขื ืคื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”.
07:59
I think I have it, for the first time in many days.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
08:04
By many days, I mean 20 days.
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœ- 20 ื™ืžื™ื.
08:06
But I did get the shots that I needed.
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš.
08:10
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
08:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:13
Now as new waves of monarch make it to Mexico,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื’ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ืจืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
08:17
the branches soon fill up with clusters,
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ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ืžืชืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช,
08:19
and it is now when Dr. Green and his team will travel to Mexico,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื™ื™ืกืขื• ืœืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
08:23
and they will try to locate a signal from that sensor they installed earlier.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืกื• ืœืืชืจ ืื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
08:28
They need just one, one signal
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืง ืื•ืช ืื—ื“, ืื—ื“
08:31
that can answer some of the questions
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช
08:34
that we have about the migration.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื”.
08:36
I, as a photographer, I needed one monarch, just one,
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ืื ื™, ื›ืฆืœื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื•ื ืจืš ืื—ื“, ืจืง ืื—ื“,
08:40
but from a very different perspective.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“.
08:43
(Video) You see this tree that is behind me,
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™,
08:45
and it's packed with monarchs.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ืก ื‘ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื.
08:47
So if you get to see what I'm doing, there is this nice pattern.
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื ื—ืžื“ื”.
08:53
There's always one late monarch that tries to find the spot
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื ืจืš ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื
08:57
half an hour later than everyone else.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ืœื.
09:00
And that's what I'm waiting for.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœื•.
09:02
The flashy orange butterfly in a texture of roosting monarchs.
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ื”ืคืจืคืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืžืจืงื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืžืชืื›ืกื ื™ื.
09:06
So we'll see.
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ืื– ื ืจืื”.
09:07
So I would be that late monarch.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš ื”ืžืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
09:10
20 years chasing monarchs,
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ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื,
09:12
and I cannot get enough of this kind of images.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
09:15
They are really effective, in my opinion.
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ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
09:18
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:19
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
09:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:22
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:24
There is an increase in the temperature
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”
09:26
as the season advances, and the monarchs start to get more active.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ื•ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:30
They start to hang out in the local pub,
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืคืื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
09:32
which is the stream that runs down the hill.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ื—ืœ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”.
09:34
And with that increase of activity, there's also an increase in the tourism.
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ื•ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:39
And the tourism is the economic engine for this region during the winter months.
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ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
09:43
And they all want to see this beautiful scene,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:45
the monarchs flying over the blue skies,
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ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ืขืคื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
09:47
an amazing sight.
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ืžืจืื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
09:49
Sometimes it never happens, and sometimes itโ€™s OK.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืงื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
09:52
But one day, one day, I got to witness something really extraordinary.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
09:57
(Video) I have been to this reserve so many times,
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•) ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื,
09:59
and I have never seen something like what we have encountered today.
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ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉื ืชืงืœื ื• ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
10:03
It's just amazing.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
10:05
You can see the sky is covered in butterflies.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ืคืจืคืจื™ื.
10:10
(Camera shutter clicking)
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(ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืชืจื™ืก ืžืฆืœืžื”)
10:14
(Speaking in Spanish)
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(ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช)
10:19
All I want to do is to photograph.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืฆืœื.
10:23
And I see your faces, I know what you're thinking,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืคื ื™ื›ื, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
10:25
that this was the easiest picture of my assignment.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื™.
10:29
It took me 20,000 frames to get this thing right.
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ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื™ 20,000 ืคืจื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
10:32
So it was not easy at all.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
10:35
So after all this time,
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
10:36
I know for sure that if there is one iconic species in North America,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
10:42
this is the monarch.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš.
10:44
We are living in very polarized times,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“,
10:48
and the story of the monarchs can inspire hope again,
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ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื•ื‘,
10:51
can bring unity across our borders -- we need that.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• - ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
10:54
And most importantly,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
10:56
it can reconnect us again with the natural world.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
11:00
North America will be a much sadder place,
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ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆื•ื‘,
11:03
this planet will be a much sadder place,
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ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆื•ื‘,
11:05
if we lose the monarch.
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ืื ื ืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ืจืš.
11:07
There is a growing movement to protect them,
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ื™ืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื,
11:10
but we need to act now.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
11:12
So, muchisimas gracias, thank you very much.
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ืื–, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:14
(Applause and cheers)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
11:18
Thank you, thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
11:20
(Applause and cheers)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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