Damon Horowitz calls for a "moral operating system"

95,064 views ・ 2011-06-06

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Dijana Ivezic Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:15
Power.
0
15260
2000
Moć.
00:17
That is the word that comes to mind.
1
17260
2000
To je riječ koja nam pada na pamet.
00:19
We're the new technologists.
2
19260
2000
Mi smo novi tehnolozi.
00:21
We have a lot of data, so we have a lot of power.
3
21260
3000
Imamo puno podataka, stoga imamo puno moći.
00:24
How much power do we have?
4
24260
2000
Koliko moći imamo?
00:26
Scene from a movie: "Apocalypse Now" -- great movie.
5
26260
3000
Scena iz filma "Apokalipsa danas" -- sjajnog filma.
00:29
We've got to get our hero, Captain Willard, to the mouth of the Nung River
6
29260
3000
Moramo dovesti našeg junaka, kapetana Willarda, do ušća rijeke Nung
00:32
so he can go pursue Colonel Kurtz.
7
32260
2000
kako bi mogao krenuti za pukovnikom Kurtzom.
00:34
The way we're going to do this is fly him in and drop him off.
8
34260
2000
To ćemo postići tako da ga ukrcamo u avion i ostavimo tamo.
00:36
So the scene:
9
36260
2000
Ovako ide scena:
00:38
the sky is filled with this fleet of helicopters carrying him in.
10
38260
3000
nebo je prepuno helikoptera koji ga prevoze
00:41
And there's this loud, thrilling music in the background,
11
41260
2000
u pozadini je glasna, uzbudljiva,
00:43
this wild music.
12
43260
2000
divlja glazba.
00:45
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
13
45260
2000
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
00:47
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
14
47260
2000
♫ Dum da ta da dum ♫
00:49
♫ Da ta da da ♫
15
49260
3000
♫ Da ta da da ♫
00:52
That's a lot of power.
16
52260
2000
To je puno moći.
00:54
That's the kind of power I feel in this room.
17
54260
2000
Takvu vrstu moći osjećam u ovoj prostoriji.
00:56
That's the kind of power we have
18
56260
2000
Mi imamo tu vrstu moći
00:58
because of all of the data that we have.
19
58260
2000
zbog svih tih podataka koje imamo.
01:00
Let's take an example.
20
60260
2000
Na primjer,
01:02
What can we do
21
62260
2000
što možemo učiniti
01:04
with just one person's data?
22
64260
3000
s podacima jedne jedine osobe?
01:07
What can we do
23
67260
2000
Što možemo
01:09
with that guy's data?
24
69260
2000
s podacima ovog tipa?
01:11
I can look at your financial records.
25
71260
2000
Mogu pogledati vaše financijsko stanje.
01:13
I can tell if you pay your bills on time.
26
73260
2000
Mogu reći plaćate li račune na vrijeme.
01:15
I know if you're good to give a loan to.
27
75260
2000
Znam jeste li kreditno sposobni.
01:17
I can look at your medical records; I can see if your pump is still pumping --
28
77260
3000
Mogu pogledati vaše zdravstveno stanje, vidjeti radi li vam još srce,
01:20
see if you're good to offer insurance to.
29
80260
3000
jeste li pogodni za osiguranje.
01:23
I can look at your clicking patterns.
30
83260
2000
Mogu pogledati uzorak vaših klikova.
01:25
When you come to my website, I actually know what you're going to do already
31
85260
3000
Kada dođete na moju web stranicu, već znam što ćete učiniti,
01:28
because I've seen you visit millions of websites before.
32
88260
2000
jer sam već vidio kako posjećujete milijune web stranica.
01:30
And I'm sorry to tell you,
33
90260
2000
Žao mi je što vam to moram reći,
01:32
you're like a poker player, you have a tell.
34
92260
2000
ali vi ste kao igrač pokera, imate tik.
01:34
I can tell with data analysis what you're going to do
35
94260
2000
Analizom podataka mogu reći što namjeravate učiniti
01:36
before you even do it.
36
96260
2000
prije nego što to učinite.
01:38
I know what you like. I know who you are,
37
98260
3000
Znam što volite. Znam tko ste.
01:41
and that's even before I look at your mail
38
101260
2000
I sve to prije nego što sam pogledao vašu poštu
01:43
or your phone.
39
103260
2000
ili vaš telefon.
01:45
Those are the kinds of things we can do
40
105260
2000
To su stvari koje možemo učiniti
01:47
with the data that we have.
41
107260
3000
s podacima koje imamo.
01:50
But I'm not actually here to talk about what we can do.
42
110260
3000
No, zapravo nisam ovdje da bih govorio o stvarima koje možemo učiniti.
01:56
I'm here to talk about what we should do.
43
116260
3000
Ovdje sam kako bih govorio o onome što bismo trebali učiniti.
02:00
What's the right thing to do?
44
120260
3000
Što je ispravno?
02:04
Now I see some puzzled looks
45
124260
2000
Vidim neke začuđene poglede, u stilu
02:06
like, "Why are you asking us what's the right thing to do?
46
126260
3000
"Zašto nas pitaš što je ispravno?
02:09
We're just building this stuff. Somebody else is using it."
47
129260
3000
Mi samo stvaramo te stvari. Netko drugi ih koristi".
02:12
Fair enough.
48
132260
3000
Pošteno.
02:15
But it brings me back.
49
135260
2000
To me vraća unatrag.
02:17
I think about World War II --
50
137260
2000
Razmišljam o 2. svjetskom ratu --
02:19
some of our great technologists then,
51
139260
2000
nekima od ondašnjih velikih tehnologa,
02:21
some of our great physicists,
52
141260
2000
nekim velikim fizičarima,
02:23
studying nuclear fission and fusion --
53
143260
2000
koji su studirali fisiju i fuziju,
02:25
just nuclear stuff.
54
145260
2000
nuklearne stvari.
02:27
We gather together these physicists in Los Alamos
55
147260
3000
Okupimo te fizičare u Los Alamosu
02:30
to see what they'll build.
56
150260
3000
da vidimo što će stvoriti.
02:33
We want the people building the technology
57
153260
3000
Želimo da ljudi stvaraju tehnologiju
02:36
thinking about what we should be doing with the technology.
58
156260
3000
razmišljajući o tome što bismo pomoću nje trebali činiti.
02:41
So what should we be doing with that guy's data?
59
161260
3000
Onda, što bismo trebali učiniti s podacima tog tipa?
02:44
Should we be collecting it, gathering it,
60
164260
3000
Bismo li ih trebali skupljati, grupirati,
02:47
so we can make his online experience better?
61
167260
2000
kako bismo unaprijedili njegovo online iskustvo?
02:49
So we can make money?
62
169260
2000
Kako bismo zaradili?
02:51
So we can protect ourselves
63
171260
2000
Kako bismo zaštitili sebe
02:53
if he was up to no good?
64
173260
2000
ako bi on imao loše namjere?
02:55
Or should we respect his privacy,
65
175260
3000
Ili bismo trebali poštovati njegovu privatnost,
02:58
protect his dignity and leave him alone?
66
178260
3000
zaštititi njegovo dostojanstvo i pustiti ga na miru?
03:02
Which one is it?
67
182260
3000
Što je ispravno?
03:05
How should we figure it out?
68
185260
2000
Kako ćemo to doznati?
03:07
I know: crowdsource. Let's crowdsource this.
69
187260
3000
Znam: crowd source. Idemo ovo "crowdsourceati".
03:11
So to get people warmed up,
70
191260
3000
Za zagrijavanje,
03:14
let's start with an easy question --
71
194260
2000
krenimo s laganim pitanjem --
03:16
something I'm sure everybody here has an opinion about:
72
196260
3000
s nečim o čemu sigurno svi prisutni imaju mišljenje:
03:19
iPhone versus Android.
73
199260
2000
iPhone ili Android.
03:21
Let's do a show of hands -- iPhone.
74
201260
3000
Dignimo ruke -- iPhone.
03:24
Uh huh.
75
204260
2000
Opa.
03:26
Android.
76
206260
3000
Android.
03:29
You'd think with a bunch of smart people
77
209260
2000
Čovjek bi pomislio da ovoliko pametnih ljudi
03:31
we wouldn't be such suckers just for the pretty phones.
78
211260
2000
ne bi tako lako palo samo na lijepe telefone.
03:33
(Laughter)
79
213260
2000
(Smijeh)
03:35
Next question,
80
215260
2000
Sljedeće pitanje,
03:37
a little bit harder.
81
217260
2000
malo teže.
03:39
Should we be collecting all of that guy's data
82
219260
2000
Bismo li trebali prikupljati sve podatke tog tipa
03:41
to make his experiences better
83
221260
2000
kako bismo poboljšali njegova iskustva
03:43
and to protect ourselves in case he's up to no good?
84
223260
3000
i zaštitili se u slučaju njegovih loših namjera --
03:46
Or should we leave him alone?
85
226260
2000
ili bismo ga trebali pustiti na miru?
03:48
Collect his data.
86
228260
3000
Prikupi podatke.
03:53
Leave him alone.
87
233260
3000
Ostavi ga na miru.
03:56
You're safe. It's fine.
88
236260
2000
U redu je, sigurni ste.
03:58
(Laughter)
89
238260
2000
(Smijeh)
04:00
Okay, last question --
90
240260
2000
U redu, zadnje pitanje --
04:02
harder question --
91
242260
2000
teže pitanje --
04:04
when trying to evaluate
92
244260
3000
u procesu procjene
04:07
what we should do in this case,
93
247260
3000
što bismo trebali učiniti u ovom slučaju,
04:10
should we use a Kantian deontological moral framework,
94
250260
4000
trebamo li koristiti Kantov deontološki moralni okvir
04:14
or should we use a Millian consequentialist one?
95
254260
3000
ili Millov posljedični?
04:19
Kant.
96
259260
3000
Kant.
04:22
Mill.
97
262260
3000
Mill.
04:25
Not as many votes.
98
265260
2000
Nema baš puno glasova.
04:27
(Laughter)
99
267260
3000
(Smijeh)
04:30
Yeah, that's a terrifying result.
100
270260
3000
Da, to je zastrašujuć rezultat.
04:34
Terrifying, because we have stronger opinions
101
274260
4000
Zastrašujuće je to da imamo snažnija mišljenja
04:38
about our hand-held devices
102
278260
2000
o svojim mobilnim uređajima
04:40
than about the moral framework
103
280260
2000
nego o moralnom okviru
04:42
we should use to guide our decisions.
104
282260
2000
koji bi nas trebao voditi pri odlučivanju.
04:44
How do we know what to do with all the power we have
105
284260
3000
Kako možemo znati što činiti sa svom tom moći koju imamo
04:47
if we don't have a moral framework?
106
287260
3000
ako nemamo moralni okvir?
04:50
We know more about mobile operating systems,
107
290260
3000
Više znamo o mobilnim operativnim sustavima,
04:53
but what we really need is a moral operating system.
108
293260
3000
ali ono što nam zaista treba je moralni operativni sustav.
04:58
What's a moral operating system?
109
298260
2000
Što je moralni operativni sustav?
05:00
We all know right and wrong, right?
110
300260
2000
Svi znamo da postoji ispravno i pogrešno, zar ne?
05:02
You feel good when you do something right,
111
302260
2000
Osjećate se dobro kada učinite nešto ispravno,
05:04
you feel bad when you do something wrong.
112
304260
2000
a loše kada učinite nešto pogrešno.
05:06
Our parents teach us that: praise with the good, scold with the bad.
113
306260
3000
Roditelji nas uče: dobro treba hvaliti, loše grditi.
05:09
But how do we figure out what's right and wrong?
114
309260
3000
No, kako razlikovati ispravno od pogrešnog?
05:12
And from day to day, we have the techniques that we use.
115
312260
3000
Iz dana u dan, koristimo razne tehnike.
05:15
Maybe we just follow our gut.
116
315260
3000
Možda samo slijedimo vlastiti predosjećaj.
05:18
Maybe we take a vote -- we crowdsource.
117
318260
3000
Možda glasujemo -- koristimo crowd source,
05:21
Or maybe we punt --
118
321260
2000
a možda odustanemo --
05:23
ask the legal department, see what they say.
119
323260
3000
pitamo pravnike da vidimo što će oni reći.
05:26
In other words, it's kind of random,
120
326260
2000
Drugim riječima, to je nasumično,
05:28
kind of ad hoc,
121
328260
2000
zapravo ad hoc,
05:30
how we figure out what we should do.
122
330260
3000
kako zaključujemo što bismo trebali učiniti.
05:33
And maybe, if we want to be on surer footing,
123
333260
3000
Možda je, ako želimo biti sigurniji,
05:36
what we really want is a moral framework that will help guide us there,
124
336260
3000
ono što zbilja želimo moralni okvir koji će nam biti nit vodilja,
05:39
that will tell us what kinds of things are right and wrong in the first place,
125
339260
3000
koji će nam reći koje su stvari ispravne, a koje pogrešne
05:42
and how would we know in a given situation what to do.
126
342260
4000
i kako bismo u nekoj situaciji znali što učiniti.
05:46
So let's get a moral framework.
127
346260
2000
Stoga stvorimo moralni okvir.
05:48
We're numbers people, living by numbers.
128
348260
3000
Mi smo ljudi od brojki, živimo od brojeva.
05:51
How can we use numbers
129
351260
2000
Kako možemo iskoristiti brojeve
05:53
as the basis for a moral framework?
130
353260
3000
kao temelj moralnog okvira?
05:56
I know a guy who did exactly that.
131
356260
3000
Znam tipa koji je učinio upravo to,
05:59
A brilliant guy --
132
359260
3000
briljantan tip --
06:02
he's been dead 2,500 years.
133
362260
3000
mrtav je već 2.500 godina.
06:05
Plato, that's right.
134
365260
2000
Platon, tako je.
06:07
Remember him -- old philosopher?
135
367260
2000
Sjećate se tog starog filozofa?
06:09
You were sleeping during that class.
136
369260
3000
Spavali ste na tom satu.
06:12
And Plato, he had a lot of the same concerns that we did.
137
372260
2000
Platona su brinule iste stvari kao nas sada.
06:14
He was worried about right and wrong.
138
374260
2000
Brinuo je oko ispravnog i pogrešnog.
06:16
He wanted to know what is just.
139
376260
2000
Želio je znati što je pravedno,
06:18
But he was worried that all we seem to be doing
140
378260
2000
ali je brinuo da je sve što činimo
06:20
is trading opinions about this.
141
380260
2000
samo razmjena mišljenja o tome.
06:22
He says something's just. She says something else is just.
142
382260
3000
On kaže da je nešto pravedno. Ona kaže da je nešto drugo pravedno.
06:25
It's kind of convincing when he talks and when she talks too.
143
385260
2000
Dok govore, prilično su uvjerljivi i jedan i drugi.
06:27
I'm just going back and forth; I'm not getting anywhere.
144
387260
2000
Idem naprijed-natrag; nikamo ne stižem.
06:29
I don't want opinions; I want knowledge.
145
389260
3000
Ne želim mišljenja, želim znanje.
06:32
I want to know the truth about justice --
146
392260
3000
Želim znati istinu o pravdi --
06:35
like we have truths in math.
147
395260
3000
baš kao što imamo istine u matematici.
06:38
In math, we know the objective facts.
148
398260
3000
U matematici znamo objektivne činjenice.
06:41
Take a number, any number -- two.
149
401260
2000
Uzmimo neki, bilo koji broj -- dva.
06:43
Favorite number. I love that number.
150
403260
2000
Omiljeni broj, volim taj broj.
06:45
There are truths about two.
151
405260
2000
Postoje istine o dva.
06:47
If you've got two of something,
152
407260
2000
Ako imate dva nečega,
06:49
you add two more, you get four.
153
409260
2000
i dodate još dva, dobivate četiri.
06:51
That's true no matter what thing you're talking about.
154
411260
2000
To je istina, bez obzira o čemu govorili.
06:53
It's an objective truth about the form of two,
155
413260
2000
To je objektivna istina o obliku dva,
06:55
the abstract form.
156
415260
2000
apstraktnom obliku.
06:57
When you have two of anything -- two eyes, two ears, two noses,
157
417260
2000
Kada imate bilo što dva -- dva oka, dva uha, dva nosa,
06:59
just two protrusions --
158
419260
2000
samo dvije izbočine --
07:01
those all partake of the form of two.
159
421260
3000
sve to sačinjava oblik dva.
07:04
They all participate in the truths that two has.
160
424260
4000
Sve to sudjeluje u istinama koje posjeduje dva.
07:08
They all have two-ness in them.
161
428260
2000
Svi oni imaju dva-nost u sebi.
07:10
And therefore, it's not a matter of opinion.
162
430260
3000
Stoga, to nije stvar mišljenja.
07:13
What if, Plato thought,
163
433260
2000
Što ako je, mislio je Platon,
07:15
ethics was like math?
164
435260
2000
etika poput matematike?
07:17
What if there were a pure form of justice?
165
437260
3000
Što ako postoji čisti oblik pravde?
07:20
What if there are truths about justice,
166
440260
2000
Što ako postoje istine o pravdi
07:22
and you could just look around in this world
167
442260
2000
i možete samo pogledati ovaj svijet oko sebe,
07:24
and see which things participated,
168
444260
2000
vidjeti koje stvari sudjeluju,
07:26
partook of that form of justice?
169
446260
3000
sačinjavaju taj oblik pravde?
07:29
Then you would know what was really just and what wasn't.
170
449260
3000
Tada biste znali što je zaista pravedno, a što nije.
07:32
It wouldn't be a matter
171
452260
2000
To ne bi bio predmet
07:34
of just opinion or just appearances.
172
454260
3000
mišljenja ili predodžbi.
07:37
That's a stunning vision.
173
457260
2000
To je zapanjujuća vizija.
07:39
I mean, think about that. How grand. How ambitious.
174
459260
3000
Promislite o tome -- kako veliko, kako ambiciozno.
07:42
That's as ambitious as we are.
175
462260
2000
Ambiciozno baš poput nas.
07:44
He wants to solve ethics.
176
464260
2000
On želi riješiti etiku.
07:46
He wants objective truths.
177
466260
2000
On želi objektivne istine.
07:48
If you think that way,
178
468260
3000
Ako razmišljate na taj način,
07:51
you have a Platonist moral framework.
179
471260
3000
imate platonistički moralni okvir.
07:54
If you don't think that way,
180
474260
2000
Ako ne razmišljate tako,
07:56
well, you have a lot of company in the history of Western philosophy,
181
476260
2000
u tome imate puno istomišljenika u povijesti zapadne filozofije,
07:58
because the tidy idea, you know, people criticized it.
182
478260
3000
zbog čistoće ideje -- znate, ljudi su ju kritizirali.
08:01
Aristotle, in particular, he was not amused.
183
481260
3000
Aristotela, na primjer, to nije zabavljalo.
08:04
He thought it was impractical.
184
484260
3000
Mislio je da je nepraktična.
08:07
Aristotle said, "We should seek only so much precision in each subject
185
487260
4000
Aristotel je rekao: "Trebali bismo tražiti onoliko preciznosti u svakom predmetu
08:11
as that subject allows."
186
491260
2000
koliko taj predmet dopušta".
08:13
Aristotle thought ethics wasn't a lot like math.
187
493260
3000
Aristotel nije mislio da je etika slična matematici.
08:16
He thought ethics was a matter of making decisions in the here-and-now
188
496260
3000
Mislio je da je etika predmet donošenja odluka "ovdje i sada"
08:19
using our best judgment
189
499260
2000
pomoću naše najbolje procjene
08:21
to find the right path.
190
501260
2000
u pronalasku pravog puta.
08:23
If you think that, Plato's not your guy.
191
503260
2000
Ako tako razmišljate, Platon nije vaš tip,
08:25
But don't give up.
192
505260
2000
ali ne dajte se,
08:27
Maybe there's another way
193
507260
2000
možda postoji drugi način
08:29
that we can use numbers as the basis of our moral framework.
194
509260
3000
na koji možemo iskoristiti brojeve za temelj našeg moralnog okvira.
08:33
How about this:
195
513260
2000
Što kažete na ovo:
08:35
What if in any situation you could just calculate,
196
515260
3000
Što ako bi u bilo kojoj situaciji mogli samo izračunati,
08:38
look at the choices,
197
518260
2000
pogledati što se nudi,
08:40
measure out which one's better and know what to do?
198
520260
3000
izmjeriti što je bolje i znati što učiniti?
08:43
That sound familiar?
199
523260
2000
Zvuči poznato?
08:45
That's a utilitarian moral framework.
200
525260
3000
To je utilitaristički moralni okvir.
08:48
John Stuart Mill was a great advocate of this --
201
528260
2000
John Stuart Mill je bio veliki zagovornik ovoga --
08:50
nice guy besides --
202
530260
2000
osim toga, bio je dobar tip --
08:52
and only been dead 200 years.
203
532260
2000
a mrtav je samo 200 godina.
08:54
So basis of utilitarianism --
204
534260
2000
Dakle, temelji utilitarizma --
08:56
I'm sure you're familiar at least.
205
536260
2000
siguran sam da su vam poznati.
08:58
The three people who voted for Mill before are familiar with this.
206
538260
2000
Troje ljudi koji su glasovali za Milla ranije su upoznati s ovim.
09:00
But here's the way it works.
207
540260
2000
No, evo kako to funkcionira.
09:02
What if morals, what if what makes something moral
208
542260
3000
Što ako je moral, odnosno ono što nešto čini moralnim
09:05
is just a matter of if it maximizes pleasure
209
545260
2000
samo pitanje povećavanja užitka
09:07
and minimizes pain?
210
547260
2000
i smanjivanja boli?
09:09
It does something intrinsic to the act.
211
549260
3000
Radi nešto svojstveno tom činu,
09:12
It's not like its relation to some abstract form.
212
552260
2000
a ne odnosi se na neki apstraktni oblik.
09:14
It's just a matter of the consequences.
213
554260
2000
Samo je pitanje posljedica.
09:16
You just look at the consequences
214
556260
2000
Gledate samo posljedice
09:18
and see if, overall, it's for the good or for the worse.
215
558260
2000
i vidite je li, u cjelini, to nešto za dobru ili lošu svrhu.
09:20
That would be simple. Then we know what to do.
216
560260
2000
To bi bilo jednostavno i tada bismo znali što učiniti.
09:22
Let's take an example.
217
562260
2000
Pogledajmo primjer.
09:24
Suppose I go up
218
564260
2000
Recimo da odem gore
09:26
and I say, "I'm going to take your phone."
219
566260
2000
i kažem: "Uzet ću ti mobitel".
09:28
Not just because it rang earlier,
220
568260
2000
Ne zato što je ranije zazvonio,
09:30
but I'm going to take it because I made a little calculation.
221
570260
3000
već zato što sam napravio jedan mali izračun.
09:33
I thought, that guy looks suspicious.
222
573260
3000
Pomislio sam, ovaj tip izgleda sumnjivo.
09:36
And what if he's been sending little messages to Bin Laden's hideout --
223
576260
3000
Što ako šalje porukice u Bin Ladenovo skrovište --
09:39
or whoever took over after Bin Laden --
224
579260
2000
ili nekome tko je naslijedio Bin Ladena --
09:41
and he's actually like a terrorist, a sleeper cell.
225
581260
3000
i zapravo je poput terorista, krtica.
09:44
I'm going to find that out, and when I find that out,
226
584260
3000
Saznat ću što se događa i kad saznam,
09:47
I'm going to prevent a huge amount of damage that he could cause.
227
587260
3000
spriječit ću ogromnu štetu koju je mogao izazvati.
09:50
That has a very high utility to prevent that damage.
228
590260
3000
Od sprječavanja te štete imamo veliku korist,
09:53
And compared to the little pain that it's going to cause --
229
593260
2000
u usporedbi s malom boli koju ćemo izazvati
09:55
because it's going to be embarrassing when I'm looking on his phone
230
595260
2000
jer će biti osramoćen kada mu pregledam mobitel
09:57
and seeing that he has a Farmville problem and that whole bit --
231
597260
3000
i vidim da ima problem u Farmvilleu, jer sve je to
10:00
that's overwhelmed
232
600260
3000
nadvladala
10:03
by the value of looking at the phone.
233
603260
2000
vrijednost pregledavanja njegovog mobitela.
10:05
If you feel that way,
234
605260
2000
Ako se ovako osjećate,
10:07
that's a utilitarian choice.
235
607260
3000
to je utilitaristički izbor.
10:10
But maybe you don't feel that way either.
236
610260
3000
No, možda se ne osjećate ni ovako,
10:13
Maybe you think, it's his phone.
237
613260
2000
možda mislite: "To je njegov mobitel,
10:15
It's wrong to take his phone
238
615260
2000
pogrešno je uzeti njegov mobitel
10:17
because he's a person
239
617260
2000
jer je on osoba
10:19
and he has rights and he has dignity,
240
619260
2000
koja ima prava i dostojanstvo
10:21
and we can't just interfere with that.
241
621260
2000
i ne možemo se u to uplitati".
10:23
He has autonomy.
242
623260
2000
On ima autonomiju,
10:25
It doesn't matter what the calculations are.
243
625260
2000
neovisno o izračunima,
10:27
There are things that are intrinsically wrong --
244
627260
3000
postoje stvari koje su same po sebi pogrešne --
10:30
like lying is wrong,
245
630260
2000
kao što je laganje pogrešno,
10:32
like torturing innocent children is wrong.
246
632260
3000
kao što je mučenje nevine djece pogrešno.
10:35
Kant was very good on this point,
247
635260
3000
Kant je u ovome bio jako dobar
10:38
and he said it a little better than I'll say it.
248
638260
2000
i rekao je to malo bolje nego što ću ja reći.
10:40
He said we should use our reason
249
640260
2000
Rekao je da bismo trebali upotrijebiti naš razum
10:42
to figure out the rules by which we should guide our conduct,
250
642260
3000
kako bismo otkrili pravila po kojima ćemo voditi svoje ponašanje.
10:45
and then it is our duty to follow those rules.
251
645260
3000
Naša je dužnost slijediti ta pravila.
10:48
It's not a matter of calculation.
252
648260
3000
To nije stvar izračuna.
10:51
So let's stop.
253
651260
2000
Stoga, prestanimo.
10:53
We're right in the thick of it, this philosophical thicket.
254
653260
3000
Upravo smo u srži ove filozofske zavrzlame
10:56
And this goes on for thousands of years,
255
656260
3000
koja se nastavlja tisućama godina,
10:59
because these are hard questions,
256
659260
2000
jer se radi o teškim pitanjima,
11:01
and I've only got 15 minutes.
257
661260
2000
a ja imam samo 15 minuta.
11:03
So let's cut to the chase.
258
663260
2000
Zato prijeđimo na stvar.
11:05
How should we be making our decisions?
259
665260
4000
Kako bismo trebali donositi naše odluke?
11:09
Is it Plato, is it Aristotle, is it Kant, is it Mill?
260
669260
3000
Kao Platon, Aristotel, Kant ili Mill?
11:12
What should we be doing? What's the answer?
261
672260
2000
Što bismo trebali činiti, što je odgovor?
11:14
What's the formula that we can use in any situation
262
674260
3000
Koja je formula koju možemo upotrijebiti u bilo kojoj situaciji
11:17
to determine what we should do,
263
677260
2000
kako bismo odlučili što trebamo napraviti,
11:19
whether we should use that guy's data or not?
264
679260
2000
hoćemo li upotrijebiti podatke tog tipa ili ne?
11:21
What's the formula?
265
681260
3000
Koja je formula?
11:25
There's not a formula.
266
685260
2000
Nema formule.
11:29
There's not a simple answer.
267
689260
2000
Nema jednostavnog odgovora.
11:31
Ethics is hard.
268
691260
3000
Etika je teška.
11:34
Ethics requires thinking.
269
694260
3000
Etika zahtijeva razmišljanje,
11:38
And that's uncomfortable.
270
698260
2000
a to je neugodno.
11:40
I know; I spent a lot of my career
271
700260
2000
To znam jer sam potrošio dobar dio karijere
11:42
in artificial intelligence,
272
702260
2000
na umjetnu inteligenciju,
11:44
trying to build machines that could do some of this thinking for us,
273
704260
3000
pokušavajući napraviti strojeve koji bi mogli malo razmišljati umjesto nas,
11:47
that could give us answers.
274
707260
2000
dati nam odgovore --
11:49
But they can't.
275
709260
2000
ali oni to ne mogu.
11:51
You can't just take human thinking
276
711260
2000
Naprosto ne možeš uzeti ljudsko razmišljanje
11:53
and put it into a machine.
277
713260
2000
i staviti ga u stroj.
11:55
We're the ones who have to do it.
278
715260
3000
To moramo učiniti sami.
11:58
Happily, we're not machines, and we can do it.
279
718260
3000
Srećom, nismo strojevi pa možemo.
12:01
Not only can we think,
280
721260
2000
Ne samo da možemo razmišljati,
12:03
we must.
281
723260
2000
već moramo.
12:05
Hannah Arendt said,
282
725260
2000
Hannah Arendt je rekla:
12:07
"The sad truth
283
727260
2000
"Tužna istina je
12:09
is that most evil done in this world
284
729260
2000
da najveća zla na ovome svijetu
12:11
is not done by people
285
731260
2000
nisu počinili ljudi
12:13
who choose to be evil.
286
733260
2000
zato što su odabrali biti zli
12:15
It arises from not thinking."
287
735260
3000
nego zato što nisu razmišljali".
12:18
That's what she called the "banality of evil."
288
738260
4000
Ona to naziva "banalnošću zla".
12:22
And the response to that
289
742260
2000
Kao odgovor na to,
12:24
is that we demand the exercise of thinking
290
744260
2000
zahtijevamo vježbu razmišljanja
12:26
from every sane person.
291
746260
3000
od svake zdrave osobe.
12:29
So let's do that. Let's think.
292
749260
2000
Stoga, učinimo to. Razmišljajmo.
12:31
In fact, let's start right now.
293
751260
3000
Zapravo, krenimo odmah.
12:34
Every person in this room do this:
294
754260
3000
Neka svaka osoba u ovoj prostoriji učini ovo:
12:37
think of the last time you had a decision to make
295
757260
3000
prisjetite se kada ste zadnji put morali donijeti odluku
12:40
where you were worried to do the right thing,
296
760260
2000
i bili ste zabrinuti činite li ispravnu stvar,
12:42
where you wondered, "What should I be doing?"
297
762260
2000
pitali ste se: "Što bih trebao učiniti?"
12:44
Bring that to mind,
298
764260
2000
Prisjetite se toga
12:46
and now reflect on that
299
766260
2000
i sada promislite o tome
12:48
and say, "How did I come up that decision?
300
768260
3000
pa recite: "Kako sam došao do te odluke?
12:51
What did I do? Did I follow my gut?
301
771260
3000
Što sam učinio? Jesam li slijedio svoj predosjećaj?
12:54
Did I have somebody vote on it? Or did I punt to legal?"
302
774260
2000
Jesam li izglasavao ili pitao pravnike?"
12:56
Or now we have a few more choices.
303
776260
3000
Sada ipak imamo nešto više izbora.
12:59
"Did I evaluate what would be the highest pleasure
304
779260
2000
"Jesam li procjenjivao što bi bio najveći užitak,
13:01
like Mill would?
305
781260
2000
poput Milla?
13:03
Or like Kant, did I use reason to figure out what was intrinsically right?"
306
783260
3000
Ili sam, poput Kanta, koristio razum kako bih otkrio što je dobro samo po sebi?"
13:06
Think about it. Really bring it to mind. This is important.
307
786260
3000
Razmislite o tome. Stvarno se prisjetite, ovo je važno.
13:09
It is so important
308
789260
2000
Toliko je važno
13:11
we are going to spend 30 seconds of valuable TEDTalk time
309
791260
2000
da ćemo potrošiti 30 sekundi vrijednog TEDTalk vremena
13:13
doing nothing but thinking about this.
310
793260
2000
ne radeći ništa osim razmišljanja o ovome.
13:15
Are you ready? Go.
311
795260
2000
Jeste li spremni? Krenite.
13:33
Stop. Good work.
312
813260
3000
Stanite. Dobar posao.
13:36
What you just did,
313
816260
2000
Ovo što ste upravo učinili
13:38
that's the first step towards taking responsibility
314
818260
2000
prvi je korak prema preuzimanju odgovornosti
13:40
for what we should do with all of our power.
315
820260
3000
za ono što trebamo učiniti sa svom svojom moći.
13:45
Now the next step -- try this.
316
825260
3000
Na redu je sljedeći korak -- probajte ovo.
13:49
Go find a friend and explain to them
317
829260
2000
Nađite prijatelja i objasnite mu
13:51
how you made that decision.
318
831260
2000
kako ste došli do te odluke.
13:53
Not right now. Wait till I finish talking.
319
833260
2000
Ne sada, čekajte dok završim s govorom.
13:55
Do it over lunch.
320
835260
2000
Za vrijeme ručka.
13:57
And don't just find another technologist friend;
321
837260
3000
Nemojte naći još jednog prijatelja-tehnologa,
14:00
find somebody different than you.
322
840260
2000
nego nekoga drukčijeg od vas.
14:02
Find an artist or a writer --
323
842260
2000
Pronađite umjetnika ili pisca --
14:04
or, heaven forbid, find a philosopher and talk to them.
324
844260
3000
ili, ne daj Bože, filozofa -- i popričajte s njim.
14:07
In fact, find somebody from the humanities.
325
847260
2000
Zapravo, pronađite nekoga iz humanistike.
14:09
Why? Because they think about problems
326
849260
2000
Zašto? Zato što oni razmišljaju o problemima
14:11
differently than we do as technologists.
327
851260
2000
drukčije nego mi, tehnolozi.
14:13
Just a few days ago, right across the street from here,
328
853260
3000
Prije par dana, na ulici točno preko puta odavde,
14:16
there was hundreds of people gathered together.
329
856260
2000
skupilo se na stotine ljudi.
14:18
It was technologists and humanists
330
858260
2000
Bili su to tehnolozi i humanisti
14:20
at that big BiblioTech Conference.
331
860260
2000
u sklopu velike BiblioTech konferencije.
14:22
And they gathered together
332
862260
2000
Okupili su se
14:24
because the technologists wanted to learn
333
864260
2000
jer su tehnolozi željeli naučiti
14:26
what it would be like to think from a humanities perspective.
334
866260
3000
kako bi bilo razmišljati iz humanističke perspektive.
14:29
You have someone from Google
335
869260
2000
Dakle, netko iz Googlea
14:31
talking to someone who does comparative literature.
336
871260
2000
razgovrara s nekim tko se bavi komparativnom književnošću.
14:33
You're thinking about the relevance of 17th century French theater --
337
873260
3000
Vi razmišljate o tome kakve veze ima francusko kazalište iz 17. stoljeća
14:36
how does that bear upon venture capital?
338
876260
2000
s rizičnim kapitalom?
14:38
Well that's interesting. That's a different way of thinking.
339
878260
3000
To je zanimljivo. To je drukčiji način razmišljanja.
14:41
And when you think in that way,
340
881260
2000
Kada razmišljate na taj način,
14:43
you become more sensitive to the human considerations,
341
883260
3000
postajete osjetljiviji prema pitanju ljudi,
14:46
which are crucial to making ethical decisions.
342
886260
3000
što je ključno kod donošenja etičkih odluka.
14:49
So imagine that right now
343
889260
2000
Zamislite da ste sada
14:51
you went and you found your musician friend.
344
891260
2000
otišli i sreli svog prijatelja glazbenika
14:53
And you're telling him what we're talking about,
345
893260
3000
i da mu pričate o ovome o čemu smo sada govorili,
14:56
about our whole data revolution and all this --
346
896260
2000
o cijeloj revoluciji podataka i svemu tome --
14:58
maybe even hum a few bars of our theme music.
347
898260
2000
možda čak zapjevate pokoji takt glazbene teme.
15:00
♫ Dum ta da da dum dum ta da da dum ♫
348
900260
3000
♫ Dum ta da da dum dum ta da da dum ♫
15:03
Well, your musician friend will stop you and say,
349
903260
2000
Vaš prijatelj glazbenik bi vas zaustavio i rekao:
15:05
"You know, the theme music
350
905260
2000
"Znaš, ta glazbena tema
15:07
for your data revolution,
351
907260
2000
iz tvoje revolucije podataka
15:09
that's an opera, that's Wagner.
352
909260
2000
je opera. To je Wagner.
15:11
It's based on Norse legend.
353
911260
2000
Utemeljena je na nordijskoj legendi
15:13
It's Gods and mythical creatures
354
913260
2000
prema kojoj se bogovi i mitska bića
15:15
fighting over magical jewelry."
355
915260
3000
bore za čarobni nakit".
15:19
That's interesting.
356
919260
3000
To je zanimljivo.
15:22
Now it's also a beautiful opera,
357
922260
3000
To je predivna opera
15:25
and we're moved by that opera.
358
925260
3000
i ganuti smo njome.
15:28
We're moved because it's about the battle
359
928260
2000
Ganuti smo jer se radi o borbi
15:30
between good and evil,
360
930260
2000
između dobra i zla,
15:32
about right and wrong.
361
932260
2000
između ispravnog i pogrešnog,
15:34
And we care about right and wrong.
362
934260
2000
a nama je stalo do ispravnog i pogrešnog.
15:36
We care what happens in that opera.
363
936260
3000
Stalo nam je do toga što će se dogoditi u toj operi.
15:39
We care what happens in "Apocalypse Now."
364
939260
3000
Stalo nam je do toga što će se dogoditi u "Apokalipsi danas"
15:42
And we certainly care
365
942260
2000
i svakako nam je stalo
15:44
what happens with our technologies.
366
944260
2000
što će se dogoditi s našim tehnologijama.
15:46
We have so much power today,
367
946260
2000
Danas imamo toliko moći
15:48
it is up to us to figure out what to do,
368
948260
3000
i sami moramo odlučiti što ćemo učiniti.
15:51
and that's the good news.
369
951260
2000
To su dobre vijesti.
15:53
We're the ones writing this opera.
370
953260
3000
Mi smo skladatelji ove opere.
15:56
This is our movie.
371
956260
2000
Ovo je naš film.
15:58
We figure out what will happen with this technology.
372
958260
3000
Mi otkrivamo što će se dogoditi s ovom tehnologijom.
16:01
We determine how this will all end.
373
961260
3000
Mi odlučujemo kako će sve ovo završiti.
16:04
Thank you.
374
964260
2000
Hvala vam.
16:06
(Applause)
375
966260
5000
(Pljesak)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7