Kayvon Tehranian: How NFTs are building the internet of the future | TED

NFTs are not a scam.

NFTs are not a fad.

In fact, NFTs are the building blocks of the internet of the future.

But in order for us to see this future clearly,

we first need to go back into the past.

The year is 1992.

The World Wide Web is only three years old.

This is what it looks like.

For the first time in human history,

we share a global commons,

where, irrespective of where we are in the physical world,

we can convene and share information freely.

Most people at that time couldn't see what it meant

to be connected by a network of computers.

In fact, many people thought the internet itself was a scam or a fad.

But a few early internet pioneers saw the potential

in this burgeoning technology.

One of those early internet pioneers, John Perry Barlow,

saw both the opportunities and pitfalls inherent in our new digital world.

And, of early cyberspace, he posed a prescient riddle

all the way back in 1992,

that I'll paraphrase for you:

"If our property can be infinitely reproduced

and instantaneously distributed across the planet without cost,

how are we going to protect it?

How are we going to get paid for the work we do with our minds?

And if we can't get paid,

what will assure the continued creation and distribution of such work?”

A lot has changed on the internet since 1992.

The internet itself is an alive and evolving technology.

And as predicted by its earliest champions,

the internet has increasingly become our default context.

Today, one's job, wealth,

relationships, sense of self,

are all often more mediated through our digital contexts

than our physical ones.

Yet, Barlow's riddle has remained vexingly unsolved.

Concepts like property and ownership --

ideas that have been with us for centuries in the physical world --

have evaded us in our digital spaces.

We’ve tried to foist copyright,

DMCA,

DRM and watermarks onto the internet to protect our ideas

and to restrain their distribution.

None of these approaches have worked.

Why?

Because, as Stewart Brand, another early internet pioneer, famously coined:

information wants to be free.

It wants to travel effortlessly, without hindrance, without encumbrance.

This is what allowed the internet to succeed in the first place.

Since 1992, we've uploaded trillions of photos and videos and even cat memes

to the internet for free.

And what business model has allowed this information to be free?

Advertising.

Advertising is the internet's default business model,

not because that's what we want, but because it's what pays the bills.

Right now, the few large corporations that run the most effective ad networks

control most of the value on today's internet,

not the people creating its content.

On today's internet, we don't get paid for the work we do with our minds.

And what's more, the content we upload to these services is trapped there.

These services not only make money from our content, they control it.

Until NFTs.

NFTs are a technological breakthrough.

They offer us the opportunity to break away from that broken system.

So you're asking yourself: What is an NFT?

It's a certificate of ownership registered on the blockchain

for everyone to see.

It's not too dissimilar to the deed you get

when you buy a house in the physical world.

But instead of a house, an NFT denotes ownership of a file on the internet.

And unlike copyright or watermarks,

which are ancient technologies rooted in bygone eras,

NFTs are internet native.

They are born of the internet for the internet.

And NFTs don't simply port our existing model of ownership

from the physical world,

they improve it.

In the physical world, ownership actually fences people out.

It precludes others from enjoying what you own.

I wouldn't expect to feel welcome in your home uninvited.

Digital space, however, is expansive.

It's home to the infinite, the exponential,

the instantaneous.

NFTs offer a system of ownership that reflects this expansiveness.

With NFTs, my owning something doesn't preclude others from enjoying it.

In fact, it's the opposite.

The more an NFT is seen, appreciated and understood,

the more possibility it has to increase in value.

Let's take an example:

Nyan Cat, a wildly popular, instantly recognizable cat meme.

Since it was uploaded to the internet a decade ago,

it has accumulated hundreds of millions of views.

And precisely because of that virality, when it was auctioned as an NFT,

it sold for 300 ETH, or the equivalent of over 600,000 dollars.

And the person who now owns this NFT, they're not preventing anyone from liking,

resharing or remixing Nyan Cat --

Nyan Cat is free to travel the internet

as it always has.

What's different now is that,

as Nyan Cat's popularity continues to grow,

so can the value of the NFT.

Because of NFTs, Chris Torres, Nyan Cat's creator,

has received direct compensation for his creation.

But what's more is he'll continue to receive compensation

every single time the NFT is resold.

This is because of the royalty system baked into the smart contracts

that govern NFTs.

NFTs are software; they can be programmed.

And with something as complicated as royalties,

which require enormous amounts of legal and manual labor to implement

in our analog world,

we can now express them in a few simple lines of code.

This represents a breakthrough innovation

for any industry predicated on royalty payments,

such as publishing or music.

And just as blogs and MP3s re-architected, these industries in decades past,

NFTs will catalyze their next evolution.

The internet dissolved our geographic boundaries.

NFTs dissolve economic boundaries.

Yatreda, an Ethiopian artist collective, created these beautiful portraits

of heroes and heroines from Ethiopia's past.

They sold them as NFTs,

and in one weekend, they made 13 ETH, or the equivalent of over 40,000 dollars.

And they were paid out instantly.

No customs, no foreign exchange, no international wire transfers.

An artist collective based out of Addis Ababa

has the same economic tools at their disposal now

as an artist in LA, New York or London.

And while the NFTs for Nyan Cat and Yatreda

were created and sold on the same platform,

they're not confined there -- remember: information wants to be free.

And unlike the current internet,

where information is made available through proprietary apps and platforms,

NFTs are portable.

Instead of living on a company's private servers,

They live on decentralized infrastructure that is peer to peer,

open and transparent.

But understanding this complex decentralized infrastructure

is not a prerequisite to understand what NFTs unlock for the human experience.

Once digital value and ownership are no longer the sole domain

of a few corporations,

radical new possibilities emerge.

In other words, 30 years later, NFTs finally solved John Perry Barlow's riddle.

And this isn't science fiction; the technology already works.

NFTs are already being used

by the next generation of internet pioneers.

And in the coming decade, NFTs will reshape the internet as we know it,

with property rights baked into its code.

So what does the internet of the future look like

with NFTs as its building blocks?

An internet where economic control rests in the hands of creators, not platforms.

An internet where our ideas and creativity can be directly supported.

An internet where information can be free,

but where we get paid for the work we do with our minds.

Thank you.

(Applause)