How do fish make electricity? - Eleanor Nelsen

3,489,832 views ใƒป 2017-11-30

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sujee Cho ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
1800๋…„ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ๋ณธ ํ›”๋ณผํŠธ๋Š”
00:08
In 1800, the explorer Alexander von Humboldt
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00:12
witnessed a swarm of electric eels leap out of the water
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฑ€์žฅ์–ด ๋–ผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
to defend themselves against oncoming horses.
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๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Most people thought the story so unusual that Humboldt made it up.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ›”๋ณผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
But fish using electricity is more common than you might think;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
and yes, electric eels are a type of fish.
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์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฑ€์žฅ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ฃ .
00:32
Underwater, where light is scarce,
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์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ
00:35
electrical signals offer ways to communicate,
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์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ 
00:37
navigate,
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๊ธธ์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ 
00:38
and findโ€”plus, in rare cases, stunโ€”prey.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ˆ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Nearly 350 species of fish have specialized anatomical structures
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 350์ข…์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „๊ธฐ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:49
that generate and detect electrical signals.
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ํŠนํ™”๋œ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
These fish are divided into two groups,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
depending on how much electricity they produce.
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์ „๊ธฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
00:58
Scientists call the first group the weakly electric fish.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Structures near their tails called electric organs
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
produce up to a volt of electricity, about two-thirds as much as a AA battery.
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์ตœ๋Œ€ 1๋ณผํŠธ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ AA ๊ฑด์ „์ง€์˜ 2/3 ์ •๋„์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
How does this work?
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์–ด๋–ค ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:14
The fish's brain sends a signal through its nervous system to the electric organ,
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
which is filled with stacks of hundreds
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๋””์Šคํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์„ธํฌ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์š”.
01:21
or thousands of disc-shaped cells called electrocytes.
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01:27
Normally, electrocytes pump out sodium and potassium ions
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๋ณดํ†ต ์ „๊ธฐ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ๊ณผ ์นผ์Š˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
to maintain a positive charge outside and negative charge inside.
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์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์Œ์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
01:36
But when the nerve signal arrives at the electrocyte,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด
01:39
it prompts the ion gates to open.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์—ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Positively charged ions flow back in.
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์–‘์ด์˜จ์ด ์—ญ๋ฅ˜ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:47
Now, one face of the electrocyte is negatively charged outside
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์ด์ œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์ชฝ์€ ์Œ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€
01:52
and positively charged inside.
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์•ˆ์ชฝ์€ ์–‘์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
But the far side has the opposite charge pattern.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
01:58
These alternating charges can drive a current,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ•˜๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
turning the electrocyte into a biological battery.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:06
The key to these fish's powers is that nerve signals are coordinated
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—
02:10
to arrive at each cell at exactly the same time.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
That makes the stacks of electrocytes act like thousands of batteries in series.
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์ „๊ธฐ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง๋ ฌ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃ .
02:21
The tiny charges from each one add up to an electrical field
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ 
02:24
that can travel several meters.
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๊ทธ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ๋ช‡ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Cells called electroreceptors buried in the skin
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์ „๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ํŒŒ๋ฌปํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
allow the fish to constantly sense this field
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์ „๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋А๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
and the changes to it caused by the surroundings or other fish.
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์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
The Peterโ€™s elephantnose fish, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ”ผํ„ฐ์˜ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์ฝ” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:40
has an elongated chin called a schnauzenorgan
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์Šˆ๋‚˜์šฐ์   ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ญ‰ํ•œ ํ„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
that's riddled in electroreceptors.
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๊ทธ ํ„ฑ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:46
That allows it to intercept signals from other fish,
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์ฝ” ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:48
judge distances,
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:50
detect the shape and size of nearby objects,
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ฃ .
02:53
and even determine whether a buried insect is dead or alive.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฌปํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
But the elephantnose and other weakly electric fish
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด๋Š”
03:01
don't produce enough electricity to attack their prey.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ• ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
That ability belongs to the strongly electric fish,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์ฃ .
03:08
of which there are only a handful of species.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ ์€ ์ข…๋งŒ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
03:11
The most powerful strongly electric fish is the electric knife fish,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์ดํ”„ํ”ผ์‰ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
more commonly known as the electric eel.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฑ€์žฅ์–ด๋กœ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:20
Three electric organs span almost its entire two-meter body.
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3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ 2m์˜ ๋ชธ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Like the weakly electric fish,
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์•ฝํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
03:27
the electric eel uses its signals to navigate and communicate,
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์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฑ€์žฅ์–ด๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
but it reserves its strongest electric discharges for hunting
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์ „์€ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์‹œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
using a two-phased attack that susses out and then incapacitates its prey.
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์–‘์ชฝ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ ํ›„์— ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
03:40
First, it emits two or three strong pulses,
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๋‘ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŽ„์Šค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:43
as much as 600 volts.
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์ด๋Š” 600๋ณผํŠธ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
These stimulate the prey's muscles, sending it into spasms
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๋จน์ด์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์ž๊ทน์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:49
and generating waves that reveal its hiding place.
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๋จน์ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ํŒŒ๋™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
Then, a volley of fast, high-voltage discharges
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๊ทธ ํ›„์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์ „์••์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ ๊ณต์„ธ๋กœ
03:55
causes even more intense muscle contractions.
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๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ทผ์œก์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
The electric eel can also curl up so that the electric fields
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์ „๊ธฐ๋ฑ€์žฅ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชธ์„ ๋ง์•„์„œ
04:03
generated at each end of the electric organ overlap.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ํฌ๊ฐœ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
The electrical storm eventually exhausts and immobilizes the prey,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์˜ ๋‡Œ์šฐ๋Š” ๋จน์ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํž˜์„ ๋นผ๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
and the electric eel can swallow its meal alive.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฑ€์žฅ์–ด๋Š” ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ ์‚ผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:14
The other two strongly electric fish are the electric catfish,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด๋Š”
๋ชธํ†ต์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 350๋ณผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”๊ธฐ์™€
04:18
which can unleash 350 volts
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04:20
with an electric organ that occupies most of its torso,
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04:23
and the electric ray, with kidney-shaped electric organs on either side of its head
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์˜ ์‹ ์žฅ ๋ชจ์–‘ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ 220๋ณผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
that produce as much as 220 volts.
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04:32
There is one mystery in the world of electric fish:
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์ „๊ธฐ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ…Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
why don't they electrocute themselves?
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์™œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:39
It may be that the size of strongly electric fish
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
04:42
allows them to withstand their own shocks,
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:44
or that the current passes out of their bodies too quickly.
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์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”.
04:48
Some scientists think that special proteins may shield the electric organs,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
but the truth is, this is one mystery science still hasn't illuminated.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋น„๋ฐ€์€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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