One of the most "dangerous" men in American history - Keenan Norris

274,151 views ・ 2023-02-07

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seoyoung Ann κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
In 1830 at a clothing store near the Boston Harbor,
0
7211
3504
1830λ…„ λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄ ν•­ 근처 μ˜·κ°€κ²Œμ—μ„œ
00:10
David Walker carefully stitched a pamphlet
1
10715
2878
λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ μ›Œμ»€λŠ” 선원 μ™Ένˆ¬ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ νŒΈν”Œλ¦Ώμ„ κΏ°λ§ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
into the lining of a sailor’s coat.
2
13593
2377
00:16
The volume was thin enough to be completely hidden,
3
16304
2711
λ¬Έμ„œλŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ 숨길 수 μžˆμ„ 만큼 μ–‡μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
00:19
but its content was far from insubstantial.
4
19182
2711
λ‚΄μš©μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λŠ” λ§€κΈΈ 수 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
In fact, at the time, many members of the US government
5
22185
3670
λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 이 νŒΈν”Œλ¦Ώμ„
00:25
considered this pamphlet to be one of the most dangerous documents
6
25855
3253
λ―Έκ΅­ 역사상 κ°€μž₯ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ λ¬Έμ„œλ‘œ μ—¬κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
in American history.
7
29108
1293
00:30
So to ensure this volume reached his audience,
8
30902
2586
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 λ¬Έμ„œκ°€ λͺ©μ μ§€μ— μ „λ‹¬λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:33
Walker had to hide his work in the clothing
9
33488
2377
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” 곡λͺ¨μžλ“€ 그리고 λˆˆμΉ˜μ±„μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μ„ μ›λ“€μ˜ μ˜·μ—
00:35
of both willing co-conspirators and unknowing sailors;
10
35865
3837
그의 νŒΈν”Œλ¦Ώμ„ μˆ¨κ²¨μ„œ
00:39
smuggling the pamphlet throughout the country.
11
39827
2294
λ¬Έμ„œλ₯Ό μ „κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ λͺ°λž˜ λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
But what was this incendiary document? And who exactly was the man who wrote it?
12
42914
5005
그런데 이 자극적인 λ¬Έμ„œλŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μ΄μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
그리고 그것을 μ“΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ •ν™•νžˆ λˆ„κ΅¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:48
Son of an enslaved father and a freedwoman,
13
48586
2878
λ…Έμ˜ˆ 아버지와 ν•΄λ°©λœ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ˜ 아듀인 λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ μ›Œμ»€λŠ”
00:51
David Walker was born free in the late 18th century
14
51714
3504
18μ„ΈκΈ° ν›„λ°˜ λ…ΈμŠ€μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ£Ό μœŒλ°ν„΄μ—μ„œ 자유인으둜 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
in Wilmington, North Carolina.
15
55218
1877
00:57
From a young age, he sought to extend his freedom to all Black Americans,
16
57428
4505
어렸을 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° κ·ΈλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν‘μΈμ—κ²Œ 자유λ₯Ό μ£Όλ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμœΌλ©°,
01:02
and after moving to Charleston as a young man,
17
62058
2544
청년이 λ˜μ–΄ μ°°μŠ€ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ‚¬ν•œ ν›„
01:04
he became closely involved with the African Methodist Episcopal Church.
18
64602
4004
아프리카 감리ꡐ μ„±κ³΅νšŒ(AME)와 λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ§€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
At that time, the mainstream movement to end slavery was comprised of societies
19
69232
4838
λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ œλ„ 폐지 μš΄λ™μ˜ μ£Όλ₯˜λŠ”
점진적인 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ„ ν˜Έν•˜κ³  λ…Έμ˜ˆμ£Όμ™€μ˜ λŒ€λ¦½μ„ ν”Όν•˜λŠ”
01:14
led by wealthy white men who favored gradual change
20
74070
3128
01:17
and avoided confrontation with slaveholders.
21
77198
2419
λΆ€μœ ν•œ 백인듀이 μ£Όλ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
But the AME Church practiced a more radical brand of abolition.
22
79867
3879
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ AME κ΅νšŒλŠ” 더 급진적인 폐지λ₯Ό μ‹€μ²œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
In 1822, AME leader Denmark Vesey planned a major insurrection
23
84288
5256
1822λ…„ AME μ§€λ„μž 덴마크 λΉ„μ‹œλŠ” λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ 폭동을 κ³„νšν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
intended to violently liberate Charleston’s enslaved community
24
89544
4087
μ°°μŠ€ν„΄μ˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆ 곡동체λ₯Ό 폭λ ₯적으둜 ν•΄λ°©ν•˜κ³ 
01:33
and set the city ablaze.
25
93631
1960
λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λΆˆνƒœμš°λ €λŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ£ .
01:36
It’s unclear if Walker contributed to Vesey’s plan,
26
96300
3087
μ›Œμ»€κ°€ λΉ„μ‹œμ˜ κ³„νšμ— κΈ°μ—¬ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ,
01:39
but he wasn’t among the many AME members who were arrested and executed
27
99387
5046
κ·ΈλŠ” 폭동 μ‹œλ„λ‘œ μ²΄ν¬λ˜μ–΄ μ²˜ν˜•λœ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ AME νšŒμ›λ“€ μ€‘μ—λŠ”
01:44
for this attempted rebellion.
28
104433
1752
λ“€μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
In 1825, Walker surfaced in Boston, where he rejoined the fight against slavery.
29
107311
5589
1825λ…„ λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄ λ…Έμ˜ˆ λ°˜λŒ€ νˆ¬μŸμ— μ›Œμ»€κ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
In addition to marrying fellow activist Eliza Butler
30
113317
3087
λ™λ£Œ ν™œλ™κ°€ 일라이자 λ²„ν‹€λŸ¬μ™€ κ²°ν˜Όν•˜κ³  옷 κ°€κ²Œλ₯Ό μ—° 것 외에도
01:56
and opening his clothing store,
31
116404
1835
01:58
Walker helped fund America’s first Black-owned newspaper.
32
118239
3420
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ 졜초의 흑인 μ†Œμœ  신문사에 μžκΈˆμ„ λ„μ™€μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Is passionate articles and public speeches sought to instill pride and camaraderie
33
121993
5005
κ·ΈλŠ” 열정적인 기사와 λŒ€μ€‘ μ—°μ„€λ‘œ
흑인 해방을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μžλΆ€μ‹¬κ³Ό 동지애λ₯Ό 심어주렀 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
into those fighting for Black liberation.
34
126998
2335
02:09
But to truly unite free and enslaved Black Americans,
35
129625
3504
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 흑인 λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€κ³Ό ν•΄λ°©λœ 흑인듀을 λ­‰μΉ˜κ²Œ ν•˜λ €λ©΄
02:13
Walker would have to go beyond Boston.
36
133129
2294
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” λ³΄μŠ€ν„΄μ„ λ„˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
In 1829, he poured his ideas
37
136799
2628
1829λ…„ κ·ΈλŠ” 자기의 생각을
02:19
into the β€œAppeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.”
38
139427
3211
β€œμ „ 세계 μœ μƒ‰ 인쒅 μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” ν˜Έμ†Œβ€œμ— κ΅¬ν˜„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
This treatise was punctuated with furious exclamation marks
39
143890
3586
이 κΈ€μ—λŠ” κ²©λ ¬ν•œ λŠλ‚Œν‘œκ°€ μ΄μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ 
02:27
and emphasized the spiritual righteousness of resistance.
40
147476
3754
μ €ν•­μ˜ 정신적 λ‹Ήμœ„μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
He described the suffering of enslaved people in graphic detail to prove
41
151355
4380
κ·ΈλŠ” λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ˜ 고톡을 λ…Έκ³¨μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒμ„Ένžˆ ν‘œν˜„ν•΄μ„œ
02:35
that the reality for Black Americans was often β€œkill or be killed.”
42
155735
4504
흑인 λ―Έκ΅­μΈλ“€μ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μ΄ λŒ€κ°œ β€œμ£½μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ μ£½λŠ”β€ κ²ƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
And given these circumstances,
43
160907
1751
μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황듀을 κ³ λ €ν•  λ•Œ,
02:42
Walker staunchly defended the right to militant action.
44
162658
3462
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” 폭λ ₯적인 행동을 ν•  ꢌ리λ₯Ό ν™•κ³ νžˆ μ§€μ§€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
This wasn’t his only departure from moderate mainstream abolitionists.
45
166287
3921
이것이 κ·Έκ°€ μ˜¨κ±΄ν•œ μ£Όλ₯˜ ν•΄λ°©λ‘ μžλ“€κ³Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ μΌν•œ 점은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
To stress the importance of Black solidarity,
46
170208
2460
흑인 λ‹¨κ²°μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:52
Walker connected American abolitionism
47
172668
2586
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” 미ꡭ의 λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ 폐지둠을
02:55
with global movements for Black liberation.
48
175254
2711
흑인 해방을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜λŠ” ꡭ제 μš΄λ™κ³Ό μ—°κ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
He called for an international Black freedom struggle
49
178341
3003
κ·ΈλŠ” ꡭ제적인 흑인 자유 νˆ¬μŸμ„ μ£Όμ°½ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:01
in an early display of what would come to be called Pan-Africanism.
50
181344
4045
미래 λ²”μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ£Όμ˜μ˜ μ‹Ήμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
But at the same time, he opposed the popular movement
51
185932
2836
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ™μ‹œμ— κ·ΈλŠ”
흑인듀이 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λ‘œ μ΄μ£Όν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ€‘μ μΈ μš΄λ™μ— λ°˜λŒ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
for Black Americans to emigrate to Africa.
52
188768
2919
03:11
While the β€œAppeal” criticized the Founding Fathers for their hypocrisy,
53
191896
3879
β€œν˜Έμ†Œβ€œμ—μ„œ 건ꡭ μ•„λ²„μ§€λ“€μ˜ μœ„μ„ μ„ λΉ„νŒν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:15
Walker insisted that Black people were essential to the country’s creation,
54
195775
4254
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” 흑인듀이 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 창쑰에 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ 
03:20
and had an undeniable right to American citizenship.
55
200196
3336
λ―Έκ΅­ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ„ 받을 수 μžˆλŠ” μ •λ‹Ήν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
Walker suspected these incendiary arguments
56
204575
2544
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 선동적인 μ£Όμž₯으둜 μžμ‹ μ΄
03:27
would make him a target for violence.
57
207119
2044
폭λ ₯의 λŒ€μƒμ΄ 될 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
But in spite of the danger, he continued using sailors to smuggle his work.
58
209163
4338
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μœ„ν—˜μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  κ·ΈλŠ” 자기의 μž‘ν’ˆμ„
λͺ°λž˜ 퍼트리기 μœ„ν•΄ 선원듀을 계속 μ΄μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
The β€œAppeal” traveled down the coast into the hands of shopkeepers,
59
213918
4046
β€œν˜Έμ†Œβ€œλŠ” 상점 주인, ꡐ회 μ§€λ„μž, μ •μΉ˜ 쑰직원,
03:37
church leaders, political organizers, and underground abolitionist networks.
60
217964
5130
μ§€ν•˜ λ…Έμ˜ˆ νμ§€λ‘ μž 망을 따라 νΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
For these readers, Walker’s words galvanized militant efforts
61
223886
3462
이 λ…μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ›Œμ»€μ˜ 말은
λ…Έμ˜ˆ μ†Œμœ μ£Όλ“€μ„ νƒ€λ„ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ „νˆ¬μ μΈ λ…Έλ ₯을 μžκ·Ήν–ˆκ³ 
03:47
to overthrow slave owners
62
227348
1835
03:49
and its call to arms struck fear into white officials.
63
229183
3587
무μž₯을 μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•΄μ„œ 백인 κ΄€λ¦¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 겁을 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
Police intercepted its delivery,
64
233020
2086
경찰은 κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 전달을 κ°€λ‘œλ§‰κ³ ,
03:55
and quarantined Black sailors at Southern ports.
65
235106
3086
남뢀 ν•­κ΅¬λ“€μ—μ„œ 흑인 선원듀을 κ²©λ¦¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
The pamphlet inspired Louisiana to ban anti-slavery literature,
66
238609
4546
이 νŒΈν”Œλ¦Ώμ€ λ£¨μ΄μ§€μ• λ‚˜μ£Όκ°€ λ°˜λ…Έμ˜ˆ 문학을 κΈˆμ§€ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ ,
04:03
and both North and South Carolina cracked down on Black education
67
243155
4380
남뢁 μΊλ‘€λΌμ΄λ‚˜μ£Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 흑인 κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ‹¨μ†ν•΄μ„œ
04:07
to prevent literacy among enslaved peoples.
68
247535
2961
λ…Έμ˜ˆλ“€μ΄ 글을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
Southern officials even placed a bounty on Walker’s head
69
251205
3253
남뢀 관리듀은 심지어 μ›Œμ»€μ˜ 머리에
04:14
worth the modern equivalent of $322,000.
70
254458
4338
ν˜„μž¬ κ°€μΉ˜λ‘œ 322,000λ‹¬λŸ¬ ν˜„μƒκΈˆμ„ κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
But while friends urged him to flee, Walker refused to abandon his cause.
71
259171
4672
μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ κ·Έμ—κ²Œ λ„λ§μΉ˜λΌκ³  μž¬μ΄‰ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
μ›Œμ»€λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ λŒ€μ˜λ₯Ό ν¬κΈ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Tragically, his bravery couldn’t protect him
72
264218
2377
μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ 그의 μš©κΈ°λŠ”
04:26
from the deadliest disease of his time.
73
266595
2628
λ‹Ήμ‹œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 치λͺ…적인 μ§ˆλ³‘μ—μ„œ κ·Έλ₯Ό μ§€μΌœμ£Όμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
In August 1830, Walker was found dead.
74
269598
3170
1830λ…„ 8μ›” μ›Œμ»€λŠ” 죽은 μ±„λ‘œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
And while his associates declared him the victim of assassination,
75
273269
3670
그의 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ€ μ›Œμ»€κ°€ μ•”μ‚΄ λ‹Ήν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
04:36
it’s now widely believed that he died from tuberculosis.
76
276939
3712
μ§€κΈˆμ€ κ·Έκ°€ κ²°ν•΅μœΌλ‘œ μ£½μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:42
Following his death, Walker's message continued to resound.
77
282028
3545
κ·Έκ°€ μ£½μ—ˆμ–΄λ„ μ›Œμ»€μ˜ 전언은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
Frederick Douglass credited him as the originator of radical abolitionism,
78
285781
4505
ν”„λ ˆλ”λ¦­ λ”κΈ€λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” μ›Œμ»€λ₯Ό 급진적인 λ…Έμ˜ˆ νμ§€λ‘ μ˜ μ°½μ‹œμžλΌκ³  ν–ˆκ³ ,
04:50
and his β€œAppeal” inspired some of the most influential members
79
290411
3629
그의 β€œν˜Έμ†Œβ€œλŠ” 20μ„ΈκΈ° ν•΄λ°© μš΄λ™μ˜
κ°€μž₯ 영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” κ΅¬μ„±μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
of the 20th century liberation movement.
80
294040
2294
04:57
From Malcolm X’s militant approach to Black resistance,
81
297084
3170
흑인 저항에 λŒ€ν•œ 말콀 X의 폭λ ₯적인 μ ‘κ·ΌλΆ€ν„°
05:00
to James Cone’s writing on Black spirituality,
82
300254
2920
흑인 μ˜μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ œμž„μŠ€ 콘의 μ €μˆ μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
05:03
Walker’s legacy remains crucially important to the history
83
303174
3628
μ›Œμ»€μ˜ μœ μ‚°μ€ 흑인 μ €ν•­ μš΄λ™μ˜ 역사와
05:06
of Black resistance movementsβ€”
84
306802
1877
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ κΏˆμ— 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
and their visions for the future.
85
308679
2044
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7