The race to sequence the human genome - Tien Nguyen

593,478 views ใƒป 2015-10-12

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gwajeong Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Packed inside every cell in your body is a set of genetic instructions,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๋Š” 32์–ต ์—ผ๊ธฐ์Œ ๊ธธ์ด์˜
00:11
3.2 billion base pairs long.
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์œ ์ „์  ์ง€์‹œ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
Deciphering these directions would be a monumental task
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์ด ์ง€์‹œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ด ๋  ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ
00:17
but could offer unprecedented insight about the human body.
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์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
In 1990, a consortium of 20 international research centers
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1990๋…„์— 20๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ์ด
00:25
embarked on the world's largest biological collaboration
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์ด ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์™„์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜
00:29
to accomplish this mission.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
The Human Genome Project proposed to sequence the entire human genome
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ฒŒ๋†ˆํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” 15๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 30์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ณต์ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ
00:35
over 15 years with $3 billion of public funds.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Then, seven years before its scheduled completion,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 7๋…„์ด ๋‚จ์€ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
00:42
a private company called Celera announced that they could accomplish the same goal
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"์…€๋ ˆ๋ผ"๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
00:47
in just three years and at a fraction of the cost.
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3๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
The two camps discussed a joint venture, but talks quickly fell apart
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๋‘ ์ง„์˜์€ ํ•ฉ์ž‘ ํˆฌ์ž ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋…ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:55
as disagreements arose over legal and ethical issues of genetic property.
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๋ฒ•์  ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ํšŒ๋‹ด์€ ๊ธˆ์ƒˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
And so the race began.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Though both teams used the same technology to sequence the entire human genome,
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๋น„๋ก ๋‘ ํŒ€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:07
it was their strategies that made all the difference.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋žต์—๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Their paths diverged in the most critical of steps:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ
01:13
the first one.
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์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
In the Human Genome Project's approach,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ฒŒ๋†ˆํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€
01:17
the genome was first divided into smaller, more manageable chunks
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๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋Œ€๋žต 15๋งŒ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์Œ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ
01:22
about 150,000 base pairs long
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๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:25
that overlapped each other a little bit on both ends.
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Each of these fragments of DNA
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์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ DNA ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€
01:30
was inserted inside a bacterial artificial chromosome
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๊ณต์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์— ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜์–ด
01:33
where they were cloned and fingerprinted.
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๋ณต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ „์ž ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
The fingerprints showed scientists where the fragments overlapped
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์œ ์ „์ž ์ง€๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
01:39
without knowing the actual sequence.
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์–ด๋Š๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Using the overlapping bits as a guide,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์„œ
01:43
the researchers marked each fragment's place in the genome
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ธ์ ‘ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์† ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜
01:46
to create a contiguous map,
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์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:49
a process that took about six years.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” 6๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
The cloned fragments were sequenced in labs around the world
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์ด ๋ณต์ œ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—
01:55
following one of the project's two major principles:
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์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์น™ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
01:59
that collaboration on our shared heritage was open to all nations.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
In each case, the fragments were arbitrarily broken up
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๊ฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ์ž„์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋žต 1000์—ผ๊ธฐ์Œ
02:06
into small, overlapping pieces about 1,000 base pairs long.
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๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
Then, using a technology called the Sanger method,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
02:14
each piece was sequenced letter by letter.
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๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ์€ ํ•œ ์ž ํ•œ ์ž ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
This rigorous map-based approach called hierarchical shotgun sequencing
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๊ณ„์ธต์  ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ํ•ด๋…๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ง€๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€
02:22
minimized the risk of misassembly,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š”
02:24
a huge hazard of sequencing genomes with many repetitive portions,
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๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋งŽ์„ ๋•Œ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
02:28
like the human genome.
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์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
The consortium's "better safe than sorry" approach
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ "์œ ๋น„๋ฌดํ™˜" ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€
02:33
contrasted starkly with Celera's strategy called whole genome shotgun sequencing.
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"์ „์ฒด๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์‚ฐํƒ„์ด"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์…€๋ ˆ๋ผ์˜ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
It hinged on skipping the mapping phase entirely,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€๋„ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๋Š”
02:42
a faster, though foolhardy, approach according to some.
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๋” ๋น ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
The entire genome was directly chopped up
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๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
02:48
into a giant heap of small, overlapping bits.
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์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Once these bits were sequenced via the Sanger method,
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์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด
02:55
Celera would take the formidable risk of reconstructing the genome
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์…€๋ ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š”
02:59
using just the overlaps.
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๋งŒ๋งŒ์ฐฎ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์จ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
But perhaps their decision wasn't such a gamble
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•œ ๋„๋ฐ•์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
because guess whose freshly completed map was available online for free?
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ“ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:10
The Human Genome Consortium,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ์€
03:11
in accordance with the project's second major principle
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์น™์ธ
03:14
which held that all of the project's data
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š”
03:16
would be shared publicly within 24 hours of collection.
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์ˆ˜์ง‘ ํ›„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
So in 1998, scientists around the world
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1998๋…„์— ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
03:24
were furiously sequencing lines of genetic code
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•์„
03:27
using the tried and true, yet laborious, Sanger method.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋งน๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Finally, after three exhausting years of continuous sequencing and assembling,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด, ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋˜ ๊ณ ๋‹จํ•œ 3๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ 
03:35
the verdict was in.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
In February 2001, both groups simultaneously published
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์•ž์„  2001๋…„ 2์›”
03:41
working drafts of more than 90% of the human genome,
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๋‘ ์ง„์˜์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์˜ 90% ์ด์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ
03:45
several years ahead of the consortium's schedule.
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์ž‘์—… ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
The race ended in a tie.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šน๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
The Human Genome Project's practice of immediately sharing its data
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ฒŒ๋†ˆํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ์ผ์€
03:54
was an unusual one.
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ํ”์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
It is more typical for scientists to closely guard their data
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
03:59
until they are able to analyze it and publish their conclusions.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋ ˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Instead, the Human Genome Project accelerated the pace of research
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ฒŒ๋†ˆํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
04:07
and created an international collaboration on an unprecedented scale.
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์ „์—๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Since then, robust investment in both the public and private sector
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ณต์  ์‚ฌ์  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ
04:16
has led to the identification of many disease related genes
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์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
04:20
and remarkable advances in sequencing technology.
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์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Today, a person's genome can be sequenced in just a few days.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์€ ๋ฉฐ์น ์ด๋ฉด ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
However, reading the genome is only the first step.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
We're a long way away from understanding what most of our genes do
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์•„์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
04:36
and how they are controlled.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Those are some of the challenges
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
04:39
for the next generation of ambitious research initiatives.
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๋„์ „ํ•  ์•ผ์‹ฌ์ฐฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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