Self-assembly: The power of organizing the unorganized - Skylar Tibbits

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2013-04-08 ・ TED-Ed


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Self-assembly: The power of organizing the unorganized - Skylar Tibbits

77,474 views ・ 2013-04-08

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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λ²ˆμ—­: wooseop hwang κ²€ν† : 민석 졜
00:14
Have you ever wondered
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κΆκΈˆν•΄ 보신 적 μ—†λ‚˜μš”?
00:15
how things are built within our bodies?
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우리 λͺΈμ΄ μ–΄λ–€ ꡬ쑰둜 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€.
00:17
Why our bodies can regrow and repair themselves,
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μ™œ 우리 λͺΈμ΄ λ‹€μ‹œ μžλž„ 수 있고 자기 슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ κ³ μΉ  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€,
00:19
and how we can pass on genes
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 우리 μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό
00:20
from one generation to the next?
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λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 전해쀄 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€?
00:22
Yet, none of our man-made objects have these traits;
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μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ 인간이 λ§Œλ“  물건에 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
they're simply thrown away when they break
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ“°λŠ” 물건은 κ³ μž₯이 λ‚˜λ©΄ λ²„λ €μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
and they definitely can't reproduce.
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그리고 κ·Έ 물건듀은 λ³΅μ œν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
The answer lies in something called self assembly.
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이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡은 μžκ°€ 쑰립이라고 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
Self assembly is a system where unordered parts
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μžκ°€ 쑰립은 λΆˆκ·œμΉ™μ μΈ λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μ—¬
00:34
come together in an organized structure,
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유기적인 ꡬ쑰둜 μ‘°ν•©λ˜λŠ” μ²΄κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
completely on their own.
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μ™„λ²½νžˆ 자기 슀슀둜 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
00:37
This means that a pile of parts on your desk should,
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이 말은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ±…μƒμœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄
00:39
in theory, be able to move around on their own,
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μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ, 자기 슀슀둜 움직여
00:42
find one another,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 물건을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κ³ 
00:43
and build something useful.
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μœ μš©ν•œ 무언가λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
This seems impossible,
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이것은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
like Transformers
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00:46
or the Sandman,
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트랜슀포머처럼
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μƒŒλ“œλ§¨μ²˜λŸΌ.
00:48
but it's exactly how our bodies are built,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 우리 λͺΈμ΄ ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ΄λ‚˜
00:50
how our immune system works,
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λ©΄μ—­ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ” 방식과 λ™μΌν•˜λ©°,
00:51
and why we can reproduce.
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μ™œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μœ κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Self assembly is the factory and copy machines within our bodies
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μžκ°€ 쑰립은 우리 λͺΈ μ†μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” 곡μž₯κ³Ό 볡사기라 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
that make proteins fold and DNA replicate.
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우리 λͺΈμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ μ ‘νžˆκ³ , μœ μ „μžκ°€ 볡재됩고 있죠.
00:59
It's a process that not only happens
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이것은 μƒλ¬Όν•™μ΄λ‚˜ ν™”ν•™μ˜ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ
01:01
in the biological and chemical world,
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μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 과정일 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
01:03
but is a phenomenon that can be seen from magnets
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μžμ„μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
01:05
to snowflakes,
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λˆˆμ†‘μ΄,
01:06
robotics,
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λ‘œλ΄‡ 곡학,
01:07
social networks,
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μ‚¬νšŒ 관계망(μ†Œμ…œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬),
01:08
the formations of cities and galaxies,
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λ„μ‹œμ™€ 우주의 ν˜•μ„± λ“±μ—μ„œλ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
to name just a few.
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λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λ§Œ 예만 듀어보아도 λ§μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
01:11
In biology and chemistry,
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생물학과 ν™”ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:13
self assembly is everywhere,
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μžκ°€ 쑰립이 μ–΄λŠ κ³³μ—λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
from atomic interactions,
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μ›μžμ˜ μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©λΆ€ν„°
01:15
cellular replication
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μ„Έν¬μ§ˆ 볡제,
01:17
to DNA, RNA, and protein folding.
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DNA, RNA와 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ μ ‘νž˜κΉŒμ§€.
01:19
Proteins are like bicycle chains
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ 마치 아미노산이 μ—°μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 이어져 μžˆλŠ”
01:21
with sequences of amino acid links.
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μžμ „κ±° 체인과도 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
They self assemble into 3-D structures
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λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ 3차원 ꡬ쑰둜 μžκ°€ μ‘°λ¦½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
because of the interaction
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체인에 μžˆλŠ” μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚° μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”
01:27
between the amino acids along the chain,
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μƒν˜Έ μž‘μš©κ³Ό
01:29
as well as the relationship
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체인과 ν™˜κ²½ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜
01:30
between the chain and the environment.
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관계 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
These forces make the flexible chain
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κ·Έ 힘이 μ‹ μΆ•μ„± μžˆλŠ” 체인을 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
01:34
fold into a 3-D shape
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3 차원 물체둜 μ ‘νžˆκ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
that governs the function in the protein.
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그리고 이것이 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ§€λ°°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Viruses, on the other hand, are like soccer balls.
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ν•œνŽΈ, λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” 마치 좕ꡬ곡과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
They're made up of a series of sub-units with specific shapes.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” νŠΉμ • ν˜•μƒμ˜ μ†Œλ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Those shapes have attraction to one another,
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그런 ν˜•μƒλ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μž‘μ•„ λ‹Ήκ²¨μ„œ
01:46
so they fit together in precise ways.
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μ •ν™•ν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ„œλ‘œ λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
Image you want to build a perfect sphere.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ™„λ²½ν•œ ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒμƒν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
01:50
It turns out that making a precise sphere
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전톡적 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은
01:53
through traditional means is actually quite difficult.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” κ½€λ‚˜ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
Alternatively, you could try to self assemble the sphere.
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹ μ—, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ꡬλ₯Ό μžκ°€ μ‘°λ¦½ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:59
One way would be to inflate the sphere
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ν•œ 가지 방법은 ꡬλ₯Ό λΆ€ν’€λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
02:01
like a bubble or a balloon.
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λΉ„λˆ„ λ°©μšΈμ΄λ‚˜ ν’μ„ μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
02:02
Another option would be to create many identical pieces
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법은 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ 쑰각을 많이 λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
02:05
that would come together to make a perfect sphere.
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κ·Έ 쑰각을 ν•©μ³μ„œ μ™„λ²½ν•œ ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이죠.
02:08
You could try to put the pieces together one-by-one,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έ 쑰각듀을 ν•œ κ°œμ”© 놓아볼 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:10
but it might take a long time
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 많이 걸릴 수 있겠죠.
02:11
and you would still have human errors.
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그리고 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ‹€μˆ˜λ„ ν•  수 있겠죠.
02:13
Instead you could design a connection
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λŒ€μ‹  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μžμ„μ΄ λŒμ–΄λ‹ΉκΈ°λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
02:15
between the components like magnets
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λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μ—°κ²°λ˜λ„λ‘ κ³ μ•ˆν•˜κ³ 
02:17
and dump them into a container.
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μš©κΈ°μ—λ‹€ λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ„ μŸμ•„λ²„λ¦΄ 수 있겠죠.
02:19
When you shook the container,
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그리고 κ·Έ 용기λ₯Ό 흔듀면
02:20
all the parts would find one another
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λͺ¨λ“  쑰각듀이 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ„œ
02:21
and build the sphere for you.
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ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
02:23
Self assembly is being used as a new design,
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μžκ°€ 쑰립은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ””μžμΈμ΄μž
02:26
science,
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02:26
and engineering tool
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κ³Όν•™,
그리고 κ³΅ν•™λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ¨ 쓰이고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
for making the next generation of technologies
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λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ κ³Όν•™ 기술이
02:30
easier to build,
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더 μ‰½κ²Œ κ΅¬μΆ•λ˜κ³ ,
02:31
more adaptive,
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더 잘 μ μ‘λ˜κ³ ,
02:32
and less reliant on fossil fuels.
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화석 μ—°λ£Œμ— 덜 μ˜μ‘΄μ μ΄λ„λ‘ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
02:34
Scientists are now making molecular microchips for computers
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이제 λΆ„μžλ‘œ 된 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°μš© λ§ˆμ΄ν¬λ‘œμΉ©μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
where small, molecular elements are given
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” 정말 μž‘μ€ λΆ„μž μ›μ†Œκ°€ μ μ ˆν•œ 쑰건으둜 μ£Όμ–΄μ Έ
02:40
the right conditions to form themselves into organized pathways.
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λΆ„μž 슀슀둜 μ •λˆλœ 경둜둜 λ°°μ—΄λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Similarly, we can now use self assembly
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μœ μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ, μžκ°€ 쑰립 κΈ°λŠ₯을
02:45
as a way to make 3-D structures with DNA,
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3차원 DNA ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방식에도 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
like capsules that could deliver drugs inside the body,
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우리 λͺΈμ— 약을 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 캑슐이
02:51
releasing them only if certain conditions are met.
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μ–΄λ–€ 쑰건듀이 μΆ©μ‘±λ˜μ—ˆμ„ κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ 약이 퍼지도둝 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
02:54
Soon, self assembly will be used for larger applications,
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쑰금만 더 있으면 μžκ°€μ‘° 립 κΈ°λŠ₯은 ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ–΄ 적용될 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
where materials can repair themselves,
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물건이 자기 슀슀둜 고칠 수 있고,
02:59
water pipes can reconfigure on demand,
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μˆ˜λ„κ΄€μ€ ν•„μš”μ— 따라 쑰합을 달리 ν•  수 있겠죠.
03:02
buildings can adapt on their own
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λΉŒλ”©μ€ 자기 혼자
03:04
to environment or dynamic loading,
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ν™˜κ²½μ— λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ 적응할 수 있고,
03:06
and space structures can self assemble without humans.
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μš°μ£Όμ„ μ€ μΈκ°„μ˜ 도움없이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 질 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Imagine if our factories were more like organisms or brains
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상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. 곡μž₯이 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 유기체 λ˜λŠ” λ‘λ‡ŒλΌλ©΄,
03:14
and our construction sites were like gardens
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그리고 곡사μž₯이 슀슀둜 자라고 μ μ‘ν•˜λŠ”
03:16
that grow and adapt independently.
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정원과 κ°™λ‹€λ©΄.
03:18
The possibilities are endless
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κ°€λŠ₯성은 λ¬΄ν•œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
and it's now up to us
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그리고 그것은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ‹¬λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
to design a better world through self assembly.
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μžκ°€ 쑰립으둜 더 λ‚˜μ€ 세상을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 일 λ§μ΄μ˜ˆμš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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