How to Use the PASSIVE VOICE | English Homework + Quiz Learn English Grammar

11,298 views ใƒป 2022-06-29

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello, everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใฟใ‚“ใชใ€‚
00:01
Welcome back to Shaw English.
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Shaw English ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:03
My name is Mike.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒžใ‚คใ‚ฏใงใ™ใ€‚
00:04
And today, Iโ€™m going to continue teaching you about the active and passive voice and
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๅผ•ใ็ถšใ ใ€่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใจๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€
00:09
when and how to use it.
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ใ„ใคใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:11
Now, I know this can be quite challenging,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„
00:14
but I know you're also doing your best and you're doing a good job.
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ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚‚ๆœ€ๅ–„ใ‚’ๅฐฝใใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€่‰ฏใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎฟ้กŒใจใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใง
00:18
Make sure you stay until the end of the video because you will have homework and a quiz.
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ใ€ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงๆฎ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
00:23
Are you ready to get started?
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ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
00:25
All right, let's do it.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ‚„ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
00:30
One of the main reasons why we use passive voice is because we want to emphasize
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไธปใช็†็”ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฏใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ
00:35
the receiver instead of the doer.
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่€…ใงใฏใชใๅ—ไฟก่€…ใ‚’ๅผท่ชฟใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
For example, โ€œLeonardo Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.โ€
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ ใƒ€ ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒณใƒใฏใƒขใƒŠใƒชใ‚ถใ‚’ๆใ„ใŸใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
In this sentence, which is an active voice,
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ใ“ใฎ่ƒฝๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใงใฏใ€
00:46
Leonardo is our focus, the painter.
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ใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใงใ‚ใ‚‹็”ปๅฎถใงใ™ใ€‚
00:49
The Mona Lisa, the painting, is the receiver.
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็ตตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒขใƒŠใƒปใƒชใ‚ถใŒๅ—ใ‘ๆ‰‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:53
We want to switch them to where now the receiver is in the beginning sentence and the doer is at the end.
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ๅ—ไฟก ่€…ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใŒๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:01
So now our sentence is, โ€œThe Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo DaVinci.โ€
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€ŒใƒขใƒŠใƒชใ‚ถใฏ ใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ ใƒ€ ใƒดใ‚ฃใƒณใƒใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆๆใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
Our focus is now on the receiver, the Mona Lisa, rather than the painter, Leonardo DaVinci.
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็งใŸใกใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใฏ ใ€็”ปๅฎถใฎใƒฌใ‚ชใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใƒ€ใƒปใƒดใ‚ฃใƒณใƒใงใฏใชใใ€ๅ—ใ‘ๆ‰‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒขใƒŠใƒปใƒชใ‚ถใซๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:13
Another reason that we change the sentence to the passive voice, is because we do not
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑ
01:17
know the doer of the action.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:19
For example, โ€œSomebody stole my cell phone.โ€
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ็งใฎๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’็›—ใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€
01:23
I do not know who.
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่ชฐใ ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€‚
01:25
So instead, I can express this in the passive voice.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใง่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:29
โ€œMy cell phone was stolen.โ€
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ใ€Œ็งใฎๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:32
And again, since we don't really know who did it,
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ชฐใŒใ‚„ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€
01:35
we want to focus more on the phone instead.
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ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ้›ป่ฉฑใซใ‚‚ใฃใจ้›†ไธญใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™.
01:37
โ€œMy phone was stolen.โ€
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ใ€Œๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใŒ็›—ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:40
Another reason to use the passive voice could be the doer is just not that important.
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑ ใฏใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใŒใใ‚Œใปใฉ้‡่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:46
For example, โ€œThe company was founded in 1955.โ€
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œไผš็คพใฏ 1955 ๅนดใซ่จญ็ซ‹ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:50
We may or may not know who founded the company, but is not important.
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่ชฐใŒไผš็คพใ‚’่จญ็ซ‹ใ—ใŸใ‹ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:55
What is important is that the company was founded in 1955.
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้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€ไผš็คพใŒ 1955ๅนดใซ่จญ็ซ‹ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:59
Also, โ€œThe house was built in 1955.โ€
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œๅฎถใฏ1955ๅนดใซๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚
02:03
We may or may not know who built the house.
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่ชฐใŒๅฎถใ‚’ๅปบใฆใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:06
But again, it's not important.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:08
What is important is the house was built in 1955.
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้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฎถใŒ 1955 ๅนดใซๅปบใฆใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ
02:13
Another reason to use the passive voice is because
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€
02:15
sometimes we don't want to blame or say someone is responsible for something.
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่ชฐใ‹ใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใŸใ‚Šใ€่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:20
For example, โ€œMistakes were made.โ€
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:23
Now, mistakes were made by someone,
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ใ•ใฆใ€้–“้•ใ„ใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็Šฏใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€
02:26
but we don't want to blame that person.
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็งใŸใกใฏใใฎไบบใ‚’่ฒฌใ‚ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
02:28
We don't want to say it is their fault. So instead,
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ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎใ›ใ„ใ ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
02:31
we just leave them off and say,
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ใ€
02:33
โ€œMistakes were made.โ€
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ใ€Œ้–“้•ใ„ใŒใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:35
Another reason to use the passive voice is because
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎ็†็”ฑใฏ
02:38
the doer is not a specific person.
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ใ€ๅฎŸ่กŒ่€…ใŒ็‰นๅฎšใฎไบบ็‰ฉใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:41
For example, โ€œEnglish is spoken in many countries around the world.โ€
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใฏไธ–็•Œไธญใฎๅคšใใฎๅ›ฝใง่ฉฑใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:47
We could add โ€œby many peopleโ€
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ใ€Œby many peopleใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
02:50
but because it's a really an unspecified group of people,
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็‰นๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ„ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใงใ‚ใ‚‹
02:55
we kind of just leave it off because it's not very necessary.
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ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅฟ…่ฆใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚็œ็•ฅใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:58
And the last reason why we use passive voice,
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ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ็†็”ฑ
03:00
is for academic writing.
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ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใงใ™ใ€‚
03:03
Whenever you're doing academic writing, such as essays or articles,
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚„่จ˜ไบ‹ใชใฉใฎใ‚ขใ‚ซใƒ‡ใƒŸใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใฏใ„ใคใงใ‚‚
03:07
we want to make it as least personal as possible
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ใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Šๅ€‹ไบบ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใใ€ๅฏ่ƒฝใช้™ใ‚Šใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒซใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจ
03:10
and as professional as possible.
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่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:14
โ€œI interviewed three people.โ€
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ3ไบบใซใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:16
Well you can see we have the pronoun โ€˜Iโ€™.
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ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€ŒIใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:20
Well we don't want to use that.
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ใพใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:22
We want to switch the sentence over to the passive voice.
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ๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅˆ‡ใ‚Šๆ›ฟใˆใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
โ€œThree people were interviewed.โ€
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ใ€Œ้ขๆŽฅใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใฎใฏ3ไบบใ€
03:28
I could say โ€œby meโ€
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ใ€Œby meใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
03:30
but again, we want to take out the โ€˜Iโ€™ and 'MEs' make it less personal as possible
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ŒIใ€ใจใ€ŒMEใ€ใ‚’ๅ‰Š้™คใ—ใฆใ€ใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ๅ€‹ไบบ็š„
03:36
and just have โ€œThree people were interviewed.โ€
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ใงใชใใ€ใ€Œ3 ไบบใŒใ‚คใƒณใ‚ฟใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ ใ‘ใซใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:40
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:41
Awesome job, everyone.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:43
I know you did such a great job. And I know it was tough.
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็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใจใฆใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅคงๅค‰ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
But you did it.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:47
You now have a basic understanding of the how and when to use the passive voice.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใ‚’ใ„ใคใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใช็†่งฃใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
03:53
But you're not done.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:55
You have a little bit of homework to do.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅฎฟ้กŒใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:57
โ€œThe teacher graded the homework.โ€
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๆŽก็‚นใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
04:01
I want you to take this sentence, change it into the passive voice, and put it in the comments.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ—ๅ‹•ๆ…‹ใซๅค‰ใˆใฆใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:07
Also you have a quiz.
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ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:09
In the description, you will find a link to the quiz.
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่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใธใฎใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
If you really like this video, make sure you hit the like button, and also subscribe to see more lessons taught by me.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅฟ…ใšใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญใ€ ใƒœใ‚ฟใƒณใ‚’ๆŠผใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ตใƒ–ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใƒ–ใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:19
And until then, I'll see you all later.
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ใใ‚Œใพใงใฏใ€ใพใŸๅพŒใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:21
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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