Intro to Word Stress: American English Pronunciation

249,956 views ใƒป 2009-07-10

Rachel's English


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุชุชู… ุชุฑุฌู…ุชู‡ุง ุขู„ูŠู‹ุง.

00:00
If you've seen many of my videos,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุดุงู‡ุฏุช ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจูŠ ุŒ ูู…ู†
00:02
you've probably heard me refer to a syllable as being stressed or accented.
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ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู†ูƒ ุณู…ุนุชู†ูŠ ุฃุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู„ูุธูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุดุฏุฏ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ.
ุญุณู†ุงุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
00:09
Well, what does that mean?
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ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุถุบุท ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุŒ
00:11
In American English, certain words have stress within a sentence,
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00:15
and certain syllables have stress within a word.
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ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ู„ู‡ุง ุชุดุฏูŠุฏ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ.
00:18
And it is this stress that allows our ears to understand the meaning
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ุขุฐุงู†ู†ุง ุจูู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰
00:22
and also to pick up the important parts of the sentence.
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ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
00:26
Let's take for example the word 'about'. 'About' has two syllables, one is stressed.
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ู„ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุญูˆู„".
ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ "About" ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠู† ู„ูุธูŠูŠู† ุŒ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง. ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุฎู…ูŠู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูˆุŸ
00:33
Can you guess which one it is? About. It's the second syllable. What makes a syllable stressed?
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ุนู†. ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ.
ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฌุนู„ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู„ูุธูŠ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุŸ ุญุณู†ู‹ุง ุŒ ุญูˆู„.
00:40
Well, about. uh, about. It is usually higher in pitch. About. Also, longer in duration. About.
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A-- ุŒ ุญูˆู„. ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ.
ุนู†. ุฃูŠุถุง ุŒ ุฃุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ. ุนู†.
00:51
And it is this higher pitch and longer length that allows our ear to pick it up
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุบู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ุฃุฐู†ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทู‡ุง ูˆูู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงู„. ุนู†.
00:55
and understand what's being said. About.
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00:59
In longer words with more syllables, there can be a primary stress and a secondary stress.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุทูˆู„ ุฐุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู„ูุธูŠุฉ ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅุฌู‡ุงุฏ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ูˆุถุบุท ุซุงู†ูˆูŠ.
01:05
So the primary stress would be the highest in pitch and perhaps the longest,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุทูˆู„ ุŒ
ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู‚ุทุน ู„ูุธูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ูŠุชู… ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง.
01:10
but there might also be another syllable that is important that is brought out somewhat.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฅุญุฑุงุฌ".
01:15
For example, the word embarrassment. Em-bar-rass-ment.
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ุฅุญุฑุงุฌ. ุฅุฐู† ู‡ู†ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠู† ู„ู… ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…ุง.
01:21
So here it is the last two syllables that are not stressed.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡. ุญุตุงุฑ-.
01:25
And it is the second syllable that is stressed. Embar-.
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01:28
But the first syllable is also somewhat important
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู‡ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูˆุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑูŠู†. ุฅุญุฑุงุฌ.
01:31
and higher in pitch than the last two. Embarrassment.
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01:36
So, the first syllable there has a secondary stress,
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ู„ุฐุง ุŒ ูุฅู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู„ู‡ ุฅุฌู‡ุงุฏ ุซุงู†ูˆูŠ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฅุฌู‡ุงุฏ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ.
01:40
and the second syllable has the primary stress.
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01:43
The last two syllables are unstressed.
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ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุนุงู† ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุถุบูˆุทูŠู†.
01:46
And, within a sentence. 'I saw her at the meeting.' Which words did you hear the best?
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ูˆุถู…ู† ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุŒ "ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน".
ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู…ุนุชู‡ุงุŸ
01:53
I saw, saw: this verb is higher in pitch. I saw her at the meeting.
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ุฑุฃูŠุช ุŒ ุฑุฃูŠุช. ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ. ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน.
ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ "ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน" ูˆ "ุงู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ".
02:04
So it is 'meeting' and 'saw' that are the stressed words within this sentence.
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02:09
I saw her at the meeting.
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ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน.
02:11
Let's take a look at some pictures. Here I've used some speech analysis software.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู„ู‚ูŠ ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑ. ู„ู‚ุฏ
ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุจุฑุงู…ุฌ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู….
02:18
It's a free download, and I'll put a link to it on my website.
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ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู†ุฒูŠู„ ู…ุฌุงู†ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุณุฃุถุน ุฑุงุจุทู‹ุง ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ูˆูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูŠ.
02:22
This software allows one to look at several aspects of the voice.
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ูŠุณู…ุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ู„ู„ูุฑุฏ ุจุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ู†ุธุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุช.
02:26
Here I'm focusing on pitch because that is one of the
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ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู„ูุธูŠ ู…ุถุบูˆุท.
02:29
important components of a stressed word or a syllable.
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02:33
The blue lines represent the pitch of the voice.
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ุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช. ู„ู‚ุฏ
02:37
Here I've circled the stressed syllable in the word about.
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ู‚ู…ุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู„ูุธูŠ ู…ุดุฏุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุญูˆู„".
ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุŒ
02:42
It is the second syllable that is stressed,
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02:44
and you can see that it has this curve up in this syllable.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุญู†ู‰ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน.
02:48
Here, again, on 'embarrassment',
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ู‡ู†ุง ุŒ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุญูˆู„ "ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงุฌ" ุŒ
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุบู…ุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุจู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ.
02:51
the accented syllable is slightly higher in pitch, and has this scoop up in pitch.
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02:57
Embarrassment, with the primary stress on the second syllable,
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ุงู„ุฅุญุฑุงุฌ ุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุถุบุท ุซุงู†ูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„.
03:01
and a secondary stress on the first syllable.
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03:05
And, in the sentence, here is the word 'saw', and the word 'meeting'. I saw her at the meeting.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุฑุฃู‰" ูˆูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ู„ู‚ุงุก".
ุฑุฃูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน.
ุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ู…ู† "ุฑุฃู‰" ูˆุงู„ู†ุตู ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "ุงุฌุชู…ุงุน" ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ุดุฏุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ.
03:14
Where both 'saw' and the first half of the word 'meeting'
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03:19
are the stressed syllables of this sentence.
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03:21
All of these accented syllables are generally higher in pitch
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ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ู…ุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุŒ
ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุทููŠูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠุคูƒุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน.
03:27
and have this slight scoop up in the voice as the voice emphasizes the syllable.
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03:34
In addition to there being words and syllables that are stressed within a sentence,
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ูˆู…ู‚ุงุทุน ู„ูุธูŠุฉ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุŒ
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง.
03:40
there are those that are reduced.
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03:42
For example, listen to how the word 'for' is pronounced in this sentence:
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุงุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ู†ุทู‚ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ "for" ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ:
03:47
'I got it for you,' Frr, frr. It was not at all 'for'. I got it for you.
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"ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ูƒ". ูุฑ. ููŠุฑ. ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ "ู„ุฃุฌู„".
ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ูƒ. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุช ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† "for".
03:55
So it was lower in pitch and much shorter than 'for'. Fr, fr, I got it for you.
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ูุฑ. ููŠุฑ. ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ูƒ.
04:03
It is these changes in pitches, along with an understanding of the sounds,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุบู…ุงุช ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุตูˆุงุช ุŒ
04:07
that make up an accent, and they are so important.
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ุฌุฉ ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุฌู‡ุงุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุฃู†ู…ุงุท ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง.
04:11
There will be many more videos on stress, reduction, and speech patterns coming soon.
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ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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