Intro to Word Stress: American English Pronunciation

246,468 views ใƒป 2009-07-10

Rachel's English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
If you've seen many of my videos,
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์ œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:02
you've probably heard me refer to a syllable as being stressed or accented.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•์„ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์•…์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
00:09
Well, what does that mean?
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€
00:11
In American English, certain words have stress within a sentence,
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00:15
and certain syllables have stress within a word.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
And it is this stress that allows our ears to understand the meaning
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ด
00:22
and also to pick up the important parts of the sentence.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ•์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Let's take for example the word 'about'. 'About' has two syllables, one is stressed.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '~์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
'About'์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Œ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:33
Can you guess which one it is? About. It's the second syllable. What makes a syllable stressed?
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”.
00:40
Well, about. uh, about. It is usually higher in pitch. About. Also, longer in duration. About.
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A--, ๋Œ€๋žต. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๊ธธ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ.
00:51
And it is this higher pitch and longer length that allows our ear to pick it up
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์Œ์กฐ์™€ ๋” ๊ธด ๊ธธ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ.
00:55
and understand what's being said. About.
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00:59
In longer words with more syllables, there can be a primary stress and a secondary stress.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋” ๊ธด ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” 1์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์™€ 2์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
So the primary stress would be the highest in pitch and perhaps the longest,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๋Š” ์Œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธธ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
but there might also be another syllable that is important that is brought out somewhat.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋‹นํ™ฉ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด.
01:15
For example, the word embarrassment. Em-bar-rass-ment.
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๋‹นํ™ฉ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
So here it is the last two syllables that are not stressed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์— ๋ฐ”-.
01:25
And it is the second syllable that is stressed. Embar-.
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01:28
But the first syllable is also somewhat important
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ๋„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ์Œ์ ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹นํ™ฉ.
01:31
and higher in pitch than the last two. Embarrassment.
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01:36
So, the first syllable there has a secondary stress,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” 2์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” 1์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
and the second syllable has the primary stress.
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01:43
The last two syllables are unstressed.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And, within a sentence. 'I saw her at the meeting.' Which words did you hear the best?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ 'ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋‹ค'.
์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”?
01:53
I saw, saw: this verb is higher in pitch. I saw her at the meeting.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '๋งŒ๋‚จ'๊ณผ '๋ดค๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
So it is 'meeting' and 'saw' that are the stressed words within this sentence.
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02:09
I saw her at the meeting.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
02:11
Let's take a look at some pictures. Here I've used some speech analysis software.
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๋ช‡ ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
It's a free download, and I'll put a link to it on my website.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋†“๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
This software allows one to look at several aspects of the voice.
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์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Here I'm focusing on pitch because that is one of the
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ”ผ์น˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ์น˜๋Š”
๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์ ˆ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
important components of a stressed word or a syllable.
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02:33
The blue lines represent the pitch of the voice.
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์„ ์€ ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ํ”ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Here I've circled the stressed syllable in the word about.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๋Š” 'about'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ ์Œ์ ˆ์— ๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ•์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
It is the second syllable that is stressed,
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02:44
and you can see that it has this curve up in this syllable.
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์ด ์Œ์ ˆ์— ๊ณก์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Here, again, on 'embarrassment',
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ 'embarrassment'์—์„œ ์•…์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์Œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ์Œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
the accented syllable is slightly higher in pitch, and has this scoop up in pitch.
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02:57
Embarrassment, with the primary stress on the second syllable,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์Œ์ ˆ์— 1์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฒซ ์Œ์ ˆ์— 2์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐฝํ”ผํ•จ.
03:01
and a secondary stress on the first syllable.
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03:05
And, in the sentence, here is the word 'saw', and the word 'meeting'. I saw her at the meeting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ 'saw'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ 'meeting'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'saw'์™€ 'meeting'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Where both 'saw' and the first half of the word 'meeting'
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03:19
are the stressed syllables of this sentence.
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03:21
All of these accented syllables are generally higher in pitch
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•…์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์ ˆ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ
๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์Œ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์Œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
and have this slight scoop up in the voice as the voice emphasizes the syllable.
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03:34
In addition to there being words and syllables that are stressed within a sentence,
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„
๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์Œ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
there are those that are reduced.
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03:42
For example, listen to how the word 'for' is pronounced in this sentence:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'for'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:47
'I got it for you,' Frr, frr. It was not at all 'for'. I got it for you.
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'I got it for you.' ํŽ˜๋ฅด. ์ฒ . ์ „ํ˜€ '์šฉ'์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Œ๋†’์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  'for'๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
So it was lower in pitch and much shorter than 'for'. Fr, fr, I got it for you.
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด. ์ฒ . ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•…์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:03
It is these changes in pitches, along with an understanding of the sounds,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”ผ์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ด๋ฉฐ
04:07
that make up an accent, and they are so important.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณง ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
There will be many more videos on stress, reduction, and speech patterns coming soon.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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