How to Improve English Grammar - Tips to Learn English Grammar Faster

怎樣進階英文文法 — 更快地學習英文文法的訣竅

Hi, I’m Olivier.

嗨，我是Olivier。

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

歡迎來到Oxford Online English！

In this lesson, you can learn how to improve your English grammar.

在本節課裡，您可以學到怎麼進階 您的英文文法。

To some people, ‘grammar’ is kind of a dirty word.

對某些人來說，“grammar”是一種髒話。

It probably makes you think of boring textbooks, boring exercises, and boring lessons.

它有可能讓您想到討厭的筆記本，討厭的 練習，以及討厭的課程。

Maybe you think, “Why do I need grammar?

也許您想“Why do I need grammar?

I just want to communicate.”

I just want to communicate.”

But, here’s the thing: grammar isn’t just something in a book.

但是，這裡是問題：文法不僅僅 是在書本裡的東西。

Grammar is how you connect words into phrases, and phrases into sentences.

文法是您怎麼把單字連接到片語裡、 把片語連接到句子裡。

Every time you connect two words, you’re using grammar.

每次您連接兩個單字， 您就在使用文法。

Even now, you’re using grammar to understand what we’re saying.

甚至現在，您使用文法來理解 我們在說什麼。

We think there’s a better way to learn English grammar than just doing endless exercises.

我們認為有一個比只做數不清的 練習更棒的方法來學習英文文法。

In this lesson, you’ll see a step-by-step, practical plan to improve your English grammar

在本節課裡，您會看到一個可以在 任何方面進階您的英文文法的

in any area.

循序漸進的實用計劃。

To work on grammar, it’s a good idea to have a book for reference.

要學習文法，最好是有 一本書供參考。

One of the most popular is English Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy.

最受歡迎之一的是 Raymond Murphy 使用的English Grammar。

You can find a link under the video.

您可以在影片下方找到網址連接。

So, let’s start: you want to improve your English grammar.

那麼，我們開始：您想提高 您的英文文法。

What should you do first?

您首先要做什麼？

‘English grammar’ is not just one topic.

“英文文法”不只是一個主題。

It’s tens of major topics, and each of those contains tens of smaller topics.

它是幾十個大的主題，這些大主題 每一個包含有幾十個小的主題。

So, you need to know where to begin.

所以，您要知道從哪裡開始。

You need to set goals and establish priorities for your studies.

您需要設定目標，並為您的學習 建立優先順序。

How can you do that?

您要怎麼做那個？

Let’s start with five things.

我們從五件事情開始。

Make a list of five errors or grammar problems you have.

列出一個您有的五個文法錯誤 或問題的清單。

Maybe, you already know some errors you make.

也許，您已經知道您犯的一些錯誤。

Maybe your teacher corrects you or your classmates often, and you have an idea.

也許您的老師或您的同學經常 改正您，您有了一個概念。

A good way to do this is through writing.

一個做這個的好方法是通過寫作。

Write something for your teacher, and ask them to highlight and correct your grammar

給您的老師寫一些東西，請他們 標註並改正您的

mistakes.

文法錯誤。

See which mistakes you make most often.

看您最常犯哪一些錯誤。

If you aren’t studying with a teacher, what can you do?

如果您沒有和一位老師一起學習， 您能做什麼？

This can be more difficult.

這可能是很困難的。

One suggestion: use a grammar book which has exercises and an answer key.

一個建議：使用一本有練習和 答案的文法書。

Choose five topics which you think you will find difficult.

選擇您認為您會覺得難的五個主題。

Do the exercises and check your answers.

做練習並檢查您的回答。

If you made a lot of mistakes, then you know you need to do more work on these topics.

如果您做錯了很多，那麼，您知道 您要在這些主題上多學習。

Here’s another suggestion: find a reading text, for example a news article online.

這裡是另一個建議：找一段閱讀 文字，例如一篇網路文章。

Make sure the text is not too difficult for you.

確定文字對您來說不是太難。

Read the text two to three times.

讀文字兩到三次。

Next, try to rewrite the text without looking at it.

接下來，試著不看它並重寫這段文字。

Don’t worry about getting it perfect; just do your best.

不用擔心寫不好它； 就自己盡力寫好它。

Afterwards, compare your text with the original.

之後，把您的文本與原始文本做比較。

Where did you make mistakes?

您在哪裡出錯了？

Did you make mistakes with verb forms?

您有在動詞出錯嗎？

With adverbs?

副詞？

Word order?

詞序？

This should show you where some of your grammar mistakes are.

這應該會告訴您您的一些文法 錯誤是在哪裡。

Okay, hopefully now you have a list of five grammar errors or weaknesses.

好，希望現在您有了一份五個文法 錯誤或弱項的清單。

It could look like this:

那可能看上去像是這樣的：

Using the present perfect Word order in questions

使用現在完成式 在疑問句裡的詞序

Using commas correctly Mixing up adjectives and adverbs

正確地使用逗號 混雜形容詞和副詞

Prepositions after adjectives

形容詞後面的介系詞

Be as specific as you can with your list.

盡可能具體地列出您的清單。

Writing something like ‘verbs’ or ‘prepositions’ isn’t really helpful.

寫某些像是“verbs”或“prepositions” 不會真正地有幫助。

Now, you have your list.

現在，您有了您的清單。

What’s next?

接下來呢？

If you have a problem with a grammar topic, there can be two basic reasons: form or function.

如果您有一個文法的問題， 可能有兩個基本的原因：形式和功能。

The first possibility is that you don’t know how to form a structure correctly.

第一種可能性是您不知道 怎麼正確地組成一個結構。

For example, think about the present perfect verb tense: I have done…

例如，想想現在完成式動詞時態： I have done…

To form the present perfect, you need to know several things, such as:

要構成現在完成式，您要知道 幾件事情，像是：

Use ‘have’ or ‘has’ plus a past participle Make negatives with ‘haven’t’ or ‘hasn’t’

使用“have”或“has”加一個過去分詞 用“haven’t”或“hasn’t”造否定形式

Make questions by moving ‘have’ or ‘has’ before the subject

通過移動主詞後面的“have”或 “has”造疑問句

If you don’t know these rules well, you might make mistakes like these:

如果您沒有很好地了解這些規則， 您可能犯一些這樣的錯誤：

She have been to Cambodia.

She have been to Cambodia.

I don’t have finished.

I don’t have finished.

How long they have lived here?

How long they have lived here?

Can you correct these mistakes?

您可以改正這些錯誤嗎？

Often, problems with form are habits.

通常，形式的問題是習慣。

You say and write the wrong sentence hundreds of times, and then it’s hard to change it.

您說錯和寫錯句子幾百次，那麼， 那是很難去改正它的。

The only way to correct these habits is to repeat and review the correct form many, many

改正這些習慣的唯一方式是重複、 複習正確的方式很多、

times.

很多次。

The best way to do that?

做那個的最好方法？

Use a flashcard app like Quizlet.

使用像Quizlet那樣的閃卡應用程式。

We’ll talk about this in more detail later.

我們之後會談論這個的更多細節。

Or, maybe you don’t know the correct form.

或者，也許您不知道正確的形式。

If so, use your grammar book to check.

如果這樣，用您的文法書來檢查。

Problems with form are simpler to understand, but sometimes they take a long time to fix,

形式的問題是比較容易理解的，但是， 有時它們要花很長的時間去改正，

especially if your mistakes have become deep habits.

特別是如果您的錯誤已經成為 很久的習慣。

You heard before that there are two basic reasons you could have problems with a grammar

您聽到您可能會遇到文法 主題的問題的兩個

topic.

基本原因。

What’s the other?

另一個是什麼？

The other possibility is that you don’t understand the function.

其他的可能性是您不了解功能。

What does that mean?

那意思是什麼？

‘Function’ means how a grammar structure is used, and what meaning it has.

“Function”意思是一個文法結構是 怎麼使用的，以及它有什麼意思。

For example, think again about the present perfect verb tense.

例如，再想想現在完成式動詞時態。

To use the present perfect correctly, you need to know things like:

要正確地使用現在完成式， 您需要知道事情像是：

Use the present perfect to talk about states which started in the past and are still true

使用現在完成式來談論在過去 開始並現在仍然是如此

now.

的狀態。

Don’t use the present perfect to talk about finished times in the past.

不要使用現在完成式來談論在 過去已完成的時間。

Use the present perfect to talk about life experiences when you don’t specify a time.

當您沒有特指一個時間時，使用 現在完成式來談論生活經驗。

Of course, there are more!

當然，有更多！

These are just examples.

這些只是事例！

If you don’t understand these rules, you might make mistakes like these:

如果您不理解這些規則，您可能 會犯這樣的錯誤：

I am living here since four years.

I am living here since four years.

We’ve had lunch three hours ago.

We’ve had lunch three hours ago.

Have you ever been to Japan last year?

Have you ever been to Japan last year?

Can you correct these mistakes?

您能改正這些錯誤嗎？

Often, problems with function are problems with translation.

通常，功能問題是在翻譯 方面的問題。

Maybe your language doesn’t have this grammar structure, or maybe your language expresses

或許您的語言沒有這種文法結構， 或者您的語言用一種不同的

expresses these ideas in a different way.

方式來表達這些想法。

If you have problems with the function of a grammar structure, what can you do?

如果您在一個文法結構有一些 功能問題，您可以做什麼？

First, check the rules in your grammar book and try to find example sentences.

首先，在您的文法書裡查看規則， 並試著找到例句。

Think about how you would express the same ideas in your language.

想想您要怎麼用您的語言來 表達同樣的概念。

Secondly, think about how this grammar works in your language.

其次，想想這個文法在您的 語言裡怎麼用。

Do you have the same structure?

您有相同的結構嗎？

Do you use it in the same way?

您用相同的方法使用它嗎？

The most difficult grammar topics will often be things which don’t exist in your language.

最難的文法主題通常會是那些 不存在於您的語言裡的。

For example, many languages don’t have an exact equivalent to the present perfect in

例如，很多語言沒有一個完全等同於 英文現在完成式的東西，

English, which is why so many English learners find this verb tense particularly difficult.

那就是為什麼很多英文學生覺得 這個動詞時態特別地難。

However, thinking about the differences between your language and English can help to make

然而，想想您的語言與英文之間的 區別可以幫助您去把事情

things clearer.

理解得更清楚。

Okay, so now you’ve found your mistakes and thought about where they come from.

好，所以現在，您找到了您的錯誤， 並想想它們來自於哪裡。

What next?

接下來呢？

You’re going to see one of the most powerful learning tools you can use.

您要看您能使用的最有用的 學習工具裡的一個。

Even better, it’s simple!

甚至更好的是，它是簡單的！

Anyone can use it.

任何人都可以用它。

It’s called templating.

它是製作模板。

Templating means you take part of a sentence, and finish it in different ways.

製作模板意思是您拿掉一個句子的 一些部分，並用不同的方式完成它。

Let’s stick with the example of the present perfect.

我們繼續用現在完成式的例子。

Here’s an unfinished sentence:

這裡是一個未完成的句子：

I have never…

I have never…

Your job is to finish the sentence in five different ways.

您的作業是用五種不同的方式 完成句子。

Make them as different as possible.

盡可能讓它們不同。

Here’s one example:

這裡是一個例子：

I have never eaten snake.

I have never eaten snake.

Can you make one or two more?

您可以多造一句或兩句嗎？

Think about it now.

現在想想它。

You could make sentences like:

您可以造句子像是：

I have never been to New Zealand.

I have never been to New Zealand.

I have never seen ‘Titanic’.

I have never seen ‘Titanic’.

Try to make sentences which are true for you.

試著造對您來說是正確的句子。

This way, they’ll be more meaningful and easier to remember.

依照這種方式，它們會是更有意義的， 並更容易去記憶。

Remember: you need five sentences for each template.

記住：每種模板您需要五個句子。

That means you need to think of at least two more!

那意味著您需要多想至少兩句！

Think of two more things you’ve never done, and write them down.

多想兩件您從未做過的事情， 並寫下它們。

Let’s look at some more templates you could use to practice the present perfect:

我們來看看您可以用來練習現在 完成式的更多模板：

I have … this week.

I have … this week.

I haven’t … yet today.

I haven’t … yet today.

… have/has been living … for … I’ve been … recently.

… have/has been living … for … I’ve been … recently.

My … has … since …

My … has … since …

Can you see how you could complete these templates?

您能看看您要怎樣完成這些模板嗎？

Think about it.

考慮它。

Pause the video if you want more time.

如果您需要更多的時間，暫停影片。

Let’s see some possibilities:

我們來看一些可能性。

I’ve watched this video three times this week.

I’ve watched this video three times this week.

I haven’t had coffee yet today.

I haven’t had coffee yet today.

My sister has been living in Milan for three years.

My sister has been living in Milan for three years.

I’ve been reading a lot of Chekhov recently.

I’ve been reading a lot of Chekhov recently.

My wife has been a doctor since 2005.

My wife has been a doctor since 2005.

Of course, these are just suggestions!

當然，這些僅是建議。

You should write sentences which are true for you.

您應當寫出對您來說是真實的句子。

Also, remember that you should try to write five sentences for each template.

也要記住您應當要每個模板 試著寫五個句子。

If you can’t think of five, write as many as you can.

如果您想不到五個， 盡您所能寫多一點。

You can use this to practice any grammar topic.

您可以用這個來練習任何文法主題。

For example, here are three templates you could use to practice using must, have to

例如，這裡是您能用來練習使用 must、have to和should的

and should:

三個模板：

At work, we mustn’t … Tomorrow, I have to …

At work, we mustn’t … Tomorrow, I have to …

If you want to learn English quickly, you should …

If you want to learn English quickly, you should …

Here are three templates you could use to practice talking about the future:

這裡是您能用來練習談論 未來的三個模板：

Tonight, I’m … For my next vacation, we’re going to …

Tonight, I’m … For my next vacation, we’re going to …

Next year, I hope I’ll …

Next year, I hope I’ll …

You see,

您看，

you can use this to practice anything.

您可以用這個來練習任何東西。

Why should you use this method?

為什麼您應當使用這種方式？

What makes it so powerful?

什麼讓它如此強大？

It’s powerful because you’re learning grammar through real-life examples.

它強大是因為您在通過真實的 生活事例學習文法。

Also, you’re learning grammar in full sentences.

您也在用完整的句子學習文法。

Finally, this lets you practice your vocabulary, too!

最後，這也會讓您練習您的字彙！

You have one more thing to do here.

在這裡，您還有一件事情要做。

You need to make sure your templated sentences are correct.

您要確定您的模板化句子是正確的。

You’re going to use these templates to practice and learn.

您要使用這些模板來練習和學習。

If you have any mistakes in your sentences, you’ll just create bad habits which will

如果在您的句子裡有任何錯誤， 您會增加在未來會很難

be difficult to change in the future.

改變的壞習慣。

So, ask your teacher, ask a friend, or ask on an online forum.

所以，請教您的老師，請教您的 朋友，或者在一個線上論壇裡請教。

Make sure your sentences are correct.

確保您的句子是正確的。

Now, you’re ready for step four.

現在，您準備好第四步了。

Flashcard apps like Quizlet or Anki are a great way to review and remember grammar when you’re learning English.

在您學習英文時，像Quizlet或Anki那樣的閃卡 應用程式是複習和記憶文法的一個很棒的方式。

Both of these apps are mostly free to use, although the Anki app for IoS costs money.

這兩個應用程式大部分是免費使用的， 只有適用於IOS的Anki應用程式是收費的。

Our staff and our students have had good results with both these apps.

我們的員工和我們的學生用這兩個 應用程式的效果都很好。

There are others available, and you should probably try different ones and see which

有其他可以用的，您應當有可能 去試一些不同的，看看您

one you like best!

最喜歡哪一個！

You can find links underneath the video.

您可以在影片的下方找到一些連接。

So, why do you need an app like this?

那麼，為什麼您需要一個像這樣的應用程式？

Using a flashcard app will help you to remember more of what you study and practice.

使用一個閃卡應用程式會幫助您去 記憶您學習和練習的東西更多。

How can you do this?

您可以怎麼做這個？

First, you can make questions using your template sentences.

首先，您可以使用您的模板 句型去造疑問句。

Put one or two gaps in a sentence and make a question, like this:

在句子裡插入一個或兩個空格，造 一個疑問句，像是這樣：

Do you remember the answer?

您記得答案嗎？

You can also make a question with a mistake which you make frequently.

您也可能用一個您常犯的錯誤 造一個疑問句。

The answer is the corrected sentence.

答案是改正過的句子。

For example:

例如：

Correct the mistake: I just have had a shower.

改正錯誤： I just have had a shower.

Can you correct the mistake?

您可以改正錯誤嗎？

I’ve just had a shower.

I’ve just had a shower.

The word order was wrong.

詞序是錯誤的。

Put the correct sentence as your answer.

把正確的句子當做您的答案。

So, there are two kinds of cards you can make: gapped sentences and error correction.

所以，有兩種閃卡您可以做： 空格句和錯誤改正。

You can make gapped sentence cards easier or harder by leaving out different numbers

您可以通過略去不同數量單字的 方式來造較容易的或

of words.

較難的空格句閃卡。

For example:

例如：

My sister has ________ ________ in Milan for three years.

My sister has ________ ________ in Milan for three years.

Or: My sister ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ three years.

Or: My sister ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ three years.

You might be thinking: this sounds like a lot of work!

您可能在想：這聽起來像是很多工作！

Do I really have to make my own cards?

我真的必須製作我自己的卡片嗎？

Do I have to do this for every grammar topic I study?

是不是我必須為我學習的 每一個文法主題都這樣做？

No, you don’t have to, but you should.

沒有，您不必，但是您要。

Here’s why:

這裡是為什麼：

First, you should make your own cards so that you’re using your own examples.

首先，您應當做您自己的卡片，這樣， 您在使用您自己的事例。

Your own examples should mean something to you.

您自己的事例應當對您意味著某些事情。

They’re real; they’re about you and your life.

它們是真實的，它們是與 您和您的生活有關的。

This makes them easier to remember.

這樣它們更容易被記住。

Secondly, you should spend the time to make your own cards because it will save you time

其次，您要花時間來製作您自己 的卡片，因為它之後會節省

later.

您的時間。

If you review efficiently, you can remember seventy to eighty percent of what you learn.

如果您有效率地複習，您可以記住 您學到的東西的70%-80%。

If you don’t, you’ll forget most of what you study, and then you’ll have to do it

如果您沒有，您會忘記大部分您學到 的，然後您會不得不在

again in the future.

之後重做它。

So, spending time now will save you a lot more time in the future.

所以，現在花時間會在之後幫您節省 大量的時間。

Not only that: isn’t it frustrating when you can’t remember something you’ve studied

不僅那樣：當您不記得您學過 幾十次的東西時，那不是很

tens of times?

令人沮喪嗎？

It’s demotivating, and that’s a problem.

那會讓人失去動力，那是一個問題。

You need to be motivated to learn English!

您需要有動力去學英文！

Using flashcards and templating will help you to remember more of what you study.

使用閃卡和模板會幫助您來 記住更多您學到的東西。

This will give you motivation, because you’ll feel that you’re making more progress.

這會給您動力，因為您會感到您 獲得很多提升。

Finally, make sure you review your cards every day, or as often as possible.

最後，確保您每天複習您的卡片， 或者盡可能地經常複習。

Review your cards when you have a spare moment during the day.

每天當您有空閒時， 複習您的卡片。

For example, do them before you get up in the morning, or on the subway to work,

例如，在您早上起床前做它們， 或者在去上班的捷運裡，

or during a break.

或者在休息時間。

Now, you have a four-step process to improve your English grammar:

現在，您有四步的步驟來進階 您的英文文法了：

Step one: identify and write down your weaknesses.

步驟一：確認並寫下您的弱項。

Start with five topics maximum.

從最多五個主題開始。

The topics you write down should be as specific as possible.

您寫下的主題應當盡可能是具體的。

Step two: identify the mistakes you make and the problems you have.

步驟二：確認您犯的錯誤和您有的問題。

Do you have problems with the form, or the function, or both?

您在形式上或功能上，或者兩者有問題嗎？

Use a grammar book to check, or ask a teacher.

用一本文法書來檢查，或者請教一位老師。

Step three: make templates, and write five full sentences for each template.

步驟三：製作模板，每個模板寫 五個完整的句子。

The sentences should be real: write true sentences about you and your life.

句子必須是真實的，寫與您和您的生活 有關的真實句子。

Check your sentences carefully and make sure they’re correct.

仔細地檢查您的句子， 確保它們是正確的。

Step four: take your sentences and make them into flashcards.

步驟四：拿您的句子，放到 閃卡裡面。

You can make gapped sentences or error correction questions.

您可以造空格句或改正題。

Review your cards regularly.

有規律地複習您的卡片。

And that’s all!

本節課就到這！

Use these tools, and you can learn anything you want to efficiently.

使用這些工具，您可以有效率地 學習任何您想學的東西。

Tell us: what’s the first grammar topic you’re going to review?

告訴我們：您在複習的第一個 文法主題是什麼？

Let us know in the comments, and we can see if you have similar ideas or not!

寫在留言板裡給我們知道，我們可以 看到您是否有；類似的想法！

You can find more of our free English lessons on our website: Oxford Online English dot

您能在我們的網頁上找到更多的 免費英文課程：

com.

Oxford Online English dot com.

Thanks for watching!

感謝觀看！

See you next time!

下次見！